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Relationship between rural women Employment and empowerment

Khatereh siyar

Department of Agricultural Economic, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: khaterehsiyar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Macroeconomic view of employment of different aspects such as creating income, production and entrepreneurship, science and technology development, etc. is important, and gives the dignity, status and social position and a sense of confidence from the social viewpoint of man. Working and use of inherent forces, skills and knowledge and personal management to begin to work and to accomplish the activity, are not specific to particular groups. Men and women can work in a community and yet affect it with job situations that are provided to them or they themselves create.

[Khatereh siyar. Relationship between rural women Employment and empowerment. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):1-5] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.01

Keywords: Employment, rural women, empowerment

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三旋自组织原理 ---- 21世纪新弦学概论（4）

邱嘉文

Recommended by 王德奎 y-tx@163.com

摘要：三旋自组织原理从能量运动形态的角度，给出了自组织在几何形态上的基本拓扑的选择。正是类圈体的三种自旋基本功能的存在，才得以产生自组织的现象。

[邱嘉文. 三旋自组织原理 ----21世纪新弦学概论（4）. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):6-11] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.02

关键词：三旋 自组织 应用

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解读肖钦羡《量子天文学》---- 21世纪新弦学概论（5）

窦笑

Recommended by 王德奎 y-tx@163.com

摘要：兰州大学出版社2005年出版的462千字的《量子天文学》，是一本不可多得的最具有代表性的前沿基础科学探索的巨著。对比《非线性量子力学》看肖钦羡、庞小峰、吴新忠、张志强，就类似人处不同年龄、学校层次的阶梯，这种差异是和区位的需要、能力、条件协同，能发展的结果。

[窦笑. 解读肖钦羡《量子天文学》----21世纪新弦学概论（5）. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):12-19] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.03

关键词：以太 太阳能 弦论

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 Treatment of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, using Neem leaf extract against Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Walid S.S.El- Shamy¹ and Mona M. Ismael²and Hussien A.M.Osman¹

1. Hydrobilogy department, National Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

2. Fish disease and management Dept. Fac. Vet. Med. Seuz Canal Unv.

dr.hussien_osman@yahoo.com

Abstract : Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was injected 1x 10⁸ cfu/ml with a strain of the Gram- negative bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila. After inoculation, the disease signs began on the 5^th day as a haemorrhagic spot at the site of injection and the lesion subsequently progressed in size, inflammation of the anal opening and asitis. After this period, the mortality of infected group was 10±5% daily; hence, they were dip treated with an aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract at 1g/l for 10 min. daily for 30 days until the lesions healed completely. The hematological and biochemical parameters of infected and control fishes were monitored on the 10^th, 20^th and 30^th day. The white blood cells WBCs:10⁴mm^-1 counts significantly increased on the10th day of treatment and in treated fish on the 30^th day. The red blood cells count RBCs: 10⁶mm^-1 significantly decreased on the 10^th day. The hemoglobin Hb and hematocrit PCV decreased significantly in infected fish and in treated fish on the 10^th day and this value returned to the normal value on the 30^th day. serum protein level significantly increased in treated fish. In infected fish it decreased significantly. Serum glucose, cholesterol and serum calcium levels were significantly lower in control fish when compared with treated fishes. In infected fishes levels of them continued to decrease significantly, The results indicate that after dip treatment A. indica aqueous leaf extract fishes exhibited a significant increase in serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein, RBC, Hb and PCV. The fish treated and nearly become normal after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila these for the treatable and immunestimulant action of A. indica aqueous leaf extract .

[Walid S.S. El- Shamy and Mona M. Ismael and Hussien A.M. Osman. Treatment of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, using Neem leaf extract against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):20-27] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.04

Key words: Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus-, Aeromonas hydrophila- hematological - biochemical parameters- aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract.

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Isolation of Bacteria From Engine Oil Contaminated Soils In Auto mechanic workshops in Gwagwalada, Abuja, FCT-Nigeria.

Ugoh, S.C. and Moneke, L.U.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, PMB 117, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria.

sylvaugoh@hotmail.com.

Abstract: Isolation of bacteria associated with engine oil contaminated soil was carried out. Five different mechanic workshops within Gwagwalada were selected and five soil samples were collected from each site. 5 grams of contaminated soil was added to 50ml of the enrichment medium and was incubated at 30^oC for 5 days. The soil samples from the mechanic workshop were enriched using Bushnell- Haas medium and then subsequently plated out on nutrient agar plates for 24 hours at 30^oC. Spread plate method involving the use of serial dilutions was employed for the isolation of the bacteria. The number of viable bacterial count were determined and expressed in colony forming units (cfu). The bacterial species isolated were Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Serratia sp. And Bacillus sp. Bacillus sp. was the most dominant showing a 100% occurrence, followed by Micrococcus and Pseudomonas sp. each with 80% and lastly Serratia sp. with the least of 40% .On the whole the data suggests that of the isolates gotten, Bacillus sp. are most adapted to conditions present in soils contaminated with used engine oil and hence could be exploited in bioremediation activities.

[Ugoh, S.C. and Moneke, L.U. Isolation of Bacteria From Engine Oil Contaminated Soils In Auto mechanic workshops in Gwagwalada, Abuja, FCT-Nigeria. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):28-33] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.05

Keywords: Bacteria; Contaminated Soil; Engine oil; Bioremediation

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三旋理论中的若干问题

吴新忠

Recommended by: 王德奎 y-tx@163.com

Abstract: 三旋在宏观世界是普遍存在的，在牛顿力学框架中描述推广不会引起大问题，但推广到非物质的心理世界，必须立足于合理的哲学观。如果三旋是在3维物理空间运动，那么在微观领域，“62种三旋+各种平动”将构成若干种费曼图类型，每个费曼图中的作用量将通过各种运动包括62种三旋的拉格朗日量构造出来，而后相加形成一个波函数纯态。三旋的量子模型可以根据量子力学中转动算符与自旋的研究成果重新构造.

[吴新忠. 三旋理论中的若干问题. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):34-35] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.06

Keywords: 三旋; 宏观; 普遍存在; 牛顿力学; 物质; 心理

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 Trials for Neem leaf extract treatment against MAS in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Mona M. Ismael¹ and Soliman, W.S. ² Amnah A.H. Rayes³ 

1.Fish disease and management Dept. Fac. Vet. Med. Seuz Canal Unv.

2.Hydrobilogy department (Mirobiology), National Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 3. Biology Department , Faculty of Applied Sciences. Umm Al- Qura University Makkah Ssudi Arabia

dr.hussien_osman@yahoo.com

Abstract : Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was injected experimentally with Aeromonas hydrophila. After inoculation, the disease signs began on the 5^th day as a haemorrhagic spots at the site of injection and the lesion, subsequently progressed in size, inflammation of the anal opening and asitis. After this period, the mortality of infected group was 5% daily; hence, they were dip treated with an aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract. daily for 30 days until the lesions healed completely. The hematological and biochemical parameters of infected and control fish were monitored on the 10^th,20^th and 30^thday. The white blood cells counts were significantly increased on the10th day of treatment and in treated fish on the 30^th day. The red blood cells count significantly decreased on the 10^th day. The hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased significantly in infected fish and in treated fish on the 10^th day and this value returned to the normal value on the 30^th day. Serum protein levels were significantly increased in treated fish. In infected fish it decreased significantly. Serum glucose, cholesterol and calcium levels were significantly lower in control fish when compared with treated fish. In infected fish levels of them continued to decrease significantly, The results indicate that after dip treatment of A. indica aqueous leaf extract fishes exhibited a significant increase in serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein, RBC, Hb and PCV. The treated fish nearly became normal after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila these for the treatable and immunestimulant action of A. indica aqueous leaf extract.

[Mona M. Ismael and Soliman, W.S. Amnah A.H. Rayes. Trials for Neem leaf extract treatment against MAS in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):36-41] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 7

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.07

Key words: Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus-, Aeromonas hydrophila- hematological - biochemical parameters- aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract.

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Toxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins in Dried Yam Chips in Oyo State, Nigeria

¹Abiala M.A., *²Ezekiel C.N., ¹Chukwura N.I. and ¹Odebode A.C.

¹Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, PMB 128, Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: chaugez@gmail.com, +234-7038167130

Abstract: The distribution of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus and quantity of aflatoxins were determined in 40 dried yam chip samples collected from four markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. A control chip was prepared to assess the influence of storage duration on toxin accumulation. Two hundred and thirty-four isolates of the Aspergillus section Flavi group were recovered from 92.5% of the chips. A. flavus L-strain was the most occurring taxon (>60% incidence) while S_BG strain and A. parasiticus were the least predominant (<4.5% incidence). The relative proportion of toxigenic to atoxigenic strains varied across markets with significant (P<0.05) incidence of atoxigenic over toxigenic in 75% of the locations. The overall incidence for B- and G-aflatoxin contamination was 97.5% with aflatoxin B₁ having the highest concentration of 190µg/kg. About 67.5% of the chip samples violated the EC regulation on aflatoxin levels in food. Consequently, contaminating mould and toxin reduction strategies targeted towards the post-production storage methods should be considered since there was the highest positive correlation (r=0.99) for the influence of storage duration on aflatoxin concentration in the contaminated samples. This will ensure public health safety.

[Abiala M.A., Ezekiel C.N., Chukwura N.I. and Odebode A.C. Toxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins in Dried Yam Chips in Oyo State, Nigeria. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):42-49] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.08

Keywords: Yam chips; Aspergillus section Flavi; aflatoxin; food quality.

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对三旋理论选择采用之我见 ---- 21世纪新弦学概论（6）

王守义

（湖北汽车工业学院 湖北 十堰 442002, E-mail:wsynet@163.com）

摘要：三旋理论为确定宇宙统一场方程组的定解约束条件建立了几何基础。三旋理论认为圈比点更基本，作者讨论的涡振子，无旋层流（含位势场），有旋层流和湍涡以及微观粒子基本结构，宇宙中大、小星系，星球，暗物质，暗能量，黑洞以至我们这个可见宇宙和宇宙外的不可见宇宙等的结构形状，都是三旋环状圈体或与其有关。但作者不同意她与“现代科学主流”所作的一些其他论述。因此，对三旋理论必须有选择地的采用并使之适应宇宙统一场方程（5.20）或（5.22）。

[王守义. 对三旋理论选择采用之我见----21世纪新弦学概论（6）Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):50-61] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 9

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.09

关键词：三旋理论 Navier-Stokes方程 宇宙统一场方程

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在反定律中预言宇宙运动及天体资源分布 ＝“反自然規律” 与“自然规律”相互等效＝

司马阳春

ao551023@sian.com

【摘要】◎如果，我们乐意接受宇宙引小负大、引冷负热、引缩负胀規律的制约，则自然界中的－切现象和资源分布均在我们的预言之中。◎航天航空工具外部形态的缺陷，使它在運動中产生了三种不良的运动结果：㈠負力推进器形成的巨大的、向下、向后运动的负量子体中的负力，同地球引力或重力异性相吸，地壳引力死死的拉住它不放；㈡运动体前部，正面受力面积极小，太空或地面空间、大气层空间方向负力形成的向上、向前反引力极小；㈢在重力大于反重力的状态中，只能大量消耗运动能量，相斥地球地壳向上、向前运动的微弱负力，来换取缓慢而吃力的上升、向前运动力。◎利用沙丘逆向运动原理，不依靠负力推进获得运动力，将目前航天、航空、航海、陆地运动中所有的负力推进装置，改为逆向引力吸進装置。这种装置在实现反重力连比边界运动或同比边界运动之后，可以为我们从自然给予能中，最大限度的借助向上、向前、向一切方向的自然給予运动引力，实现提速节能、超大吨位运动。◎負壓壳层航天器与負壓壳层航空飞行器，不仅可以载起成千上万吨的重物进行反重力星际运动，象航天飞机一样重复使用。而且，对其双力零等价值的大小进行精密控制之后，它可以在任何天体上自由安全起降，在地球表面上空的任意一点与天体、星系、宇宙边界之间的任意一个尺度中，悬浮在那儿；可以在任何天体的量子壳层、大气层之内的任意一个高度中悬浮，或进行同步运动和轨迹运动；可以在天体与宇宙边界之間的任意一个场、界、层、线上，精确的研究宇宙的双态运动；可以研究每一层运动介质中的物质与反物质，质量与负质量，能量与负能量，引力与负引力的物理运动；可以研究地球至宇宙边界中的每一纳米的光电、光磁、电磁效应；可以在量子壳层运动中预言地球及宇宙中的一切自然运动等等。◎一般論殼層運動原理中的三大定律：第一定律负压壳层运动定律. 即当两个外实内空的负压壳层体相遇时，二者同性相斥，运动质量小的一方服从運動质量大的一方的反物质膨胀态运动方向。第二定律正压壳层运动定律: 即当一个负压壳层体与一个外空内实的实心体或一个不能保持量压壳层封闭运动状态的物体相遇时，二者异性相吸，运动质量小的一方服从运动质量大的一方的物质凝聚态运动方向。第三定律速度定律: 即在自然狀態中，物體的運動比重越小，其參与自由升體運動時形成的運動速度越高；物體的運動比重越大，其參与自由落體運動時形成的運動速度越高。反之，越低。二者參与零質量運動時，運動速度相同。◎按照宇宙定律，对付癌细胞的最隹选择是引力除癌。引力除癌必须接受宇宙引小负大、引冷负热、引缩负胀規律的制约。①引小负大。加强癌细胞引力，控制癌细胞体积；②引冷负热。用激光冷冻俘获癌细胞，控制癌细胞体积处于零质量或质量体休眠状态；③引缩负胀。在人体躯壳表层，加强负能量量压，迫使癌细胞参加由外向内进行的质心引力运动，依靠外力挤压把癌细胞負壓壳层体压缩为内实外空的质量壳层体（正常细胞）。◎即然自然界中，既然任何物体都是正反一体的，那么，任何科学定律，都存在一个反定律。这就是自然定律正反一体定律。

[司马阳春. 在反定律中预言宇宙运动及天体资源分布-“反自然規律” 与“自然规律”相互等效.Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):62-85] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.10

【关键词】引力物理學 負力物理學 壳层感应定律量子壳层 反定律

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族制约宇宙运动的反定律﹝3﹞＝ 反“自然”定律统一理论物理＝

司马阳春

ao551023@sian.com

【内容提要】㈠当F＝m＝E；F｀＝m｀＝E；E｀＝m时或m＝m｀；E＝E｀；F＝F｀：m－m｀＝O；E－E｀＝O；F－F｀＝O；m＝O；E＝O；F＝O时, 则O＝Oc² ；O｀＝O｀c². 换言之，光在质量体中不能运动；在反质量体中也不能运动。光在超强能量中不能运动；在超强负能量中也不能运动。光在超强引力中不能运动；在超强反引力中也不能运动。所以，光在实体中不能运动；在真空中也不能运动。因为，真空与实体关糸等价。即m＝m｀；E＝E｀；F＝F｀, 或者说，﹡真空即实体。㈡在这儿，形成两个规律：〈1〉任何物体都可以形成任何速度的速度不变运动；〈2〉超光速运动在于物体运动能量或运动惯性力的大小，而不受其运动质量的制约。在充满暗能和微波背景起伏的时空中，真空光速是相对的。当光量子在运动比重不同的运动介质中运动时，其速度必须服从质量定律、“引力”定律。m＝m′是迈克尔逊――莫雷实验的基础。此时，光量子的运动比重等价于其运动介质的运动比重。即m/v=m₁/v₁. 当m/v＞m₁/v₁时, 则C＞30万公里/秒 （其中m/v表示光量子运动比重；m₁/v₁表示其运动介质的运动比重）. 当m/v＜m₁/v₁时, 则C＜30万公里/秒. 当m-m′=0或m＝0时, 则C²＝O. 当E＝0；F＝0；m＝0时, 则C²＝F；C²＝m；C²＝E. 在这个方程式中，描述了三种存在：（1） 无论我们给予光量子多大的运动能量，它的运动速度都不会提高；（2） 只要光量子的m-m′=0；或m＝0；光速永远是一个不变的值。（3） 这种运动是全方位的。我们称F＝C². 或F′＝C²; C²＝F; 或F′＝C². 为光速不变表达式。其定律：当光量子的运动比重与其运动介质的运动比重相同时，光的运动速度不变。这个定律适合于电子运动、电磁波运动、量子运动。因此，此定律亦可称为能速不变定律。C²中的C应为实际速度v，而不应单指真空光速C。即F＝v＾2或F′＝v＾2。在m-m′=0中，其“0”是m与m′的等价值。其中“m”和“m′”均可以从极限小或极限大。因而，光速具有N个不变的速度值。一切物体及量子均如此。光量子及一切波不是没有质量，而是具有与其质量等价的反质量或零质量。㈢-①当m＝m｀；m＝o时, 则c＝30万公里/秒或c＝o. 即c＝o. 为﹡真空光速表达式: 〈1〉、当m＝ m｀时, 则F＝mg（重力加速度运动）.〈2〉、当m｀＞m时.则F｀＝m｀g（反重力加速度运动）.〈3〉、当m－m｀＝o或m｀－m＝o时.则F＝（m－m｀）a或F＝（m｀－m）a（轨迹运动）.在此定律的三种光速运动中，物体均可充分借助自然给予能，并冲破质速方程所设定的“光屏”。②当O＝（F′－F）×C²或F－F′＝O×C²时，这个奇异的方程式，只能表示运动惯性力的存在形状，而在E＝mc²中很难找到宇宙质量与能量的存在。这就是E＝mc²给我们的困惑。（其中O表示物体零质量运动中的质量。）我们称F＝O×C², 或F′＝O×C². 为﹡光速不变表达式。③当速度成为v之后，m－m′＝O；m′－m＝O；m＝O；m′＝O时, 则F＝O×v＾2或F′＝O×v＾2. 为﹡速度不变表达式。在这儿，形成两个规律：〈1〉任何物体都可以形成任何速度的速度不变运动；〈2〉超光速运动在于物体运动能量或运动惯性力的大小，而不受其运动质量的制约。④当m＝O时, 则E＝O×c^2或E＝c＾2（O表示物体零质量运动中的质量。）为﹡超光速运动表达式, 这种速度不受宇宙质量制约，可以从极限小到极限大（如光、电、磁、声及各种波）.

[司马阳春. 族制约宇宙运动的反定律﹝3﹞反“自然”定律统一理论物理. Academia Arena, 2011;3(5):86-100] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsaaj030511.11

【关键词】 壳层效应、反质量、零质量、零等价值、零数学原理 真空即实体

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