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刘路与西塔潘猜想和大亚湾中微子实验

曹建翔

【摘要】把西塔潘猜想与大亚湾中微子实验联系起来，实属偶然，也是必然。解读刘路和中南大学重奖刘路的现实意义，可以说是大亚湾中微子实验的升级版。

[曹 建翔. 刘路与西塔潘猜想和大亚湾中微子实验. Academ Arena 2012;4(6):1-19] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040612.01

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English language learning through the combination of Grammar Translation Method and Communicative Language Teaching

Nitish Kumar Mondal

English Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Email: nitish.english@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to combine the grammar translation method and the communicative language teaching for learning English language in Bangladesh. For this purpose the present study makes a questionnaire where fifty two college level students were taken as the sample of the study. The sample was selected through a random sampling method. Though some views were depicted from them, no particular method of language learning could give fruitful and transparent way of learning language in Bangladesh. Based on the current contradiction between the grammar-translation method and the communicative language teaching in English language learning, this paper, starting with clarifying the task of English language learning as well as the definition of the two teaching methods, objectively analyzes their advantages and disadvantages and proposes establishing a new idea by fusing them with an elaboration on the reasonability of combining them in the practical sense of learning English language with their complementary advantages.

[Nitish Kumar Mondal. English language learning through the combination of Grammar Translation Method and Communicative Language Teaching. Academ Arena 2012;4(6):20-24] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040612.02

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Methicillin Resistance and Beta-Lactamase Production in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Samples in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Motayo BO¹, Akinduti PA², Okerentugba PO², Innocent-Adiele HC³, Onoh CC⁴, Nwanze JC⁴, Okonko IO³

¹Microbiology Unit, Pathology Department Federal Medical Center Abeokuta, Nigeria

²Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Abeokuta, Nigeria

³Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria;

⁴Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria

mac2finney@yahoo.com; iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng; Tel: +234-80-3538-0891

ABSTRACT: The Medical Importance of Staphylococcus aureus cannot be overemphasized both as a commensal and a pathogen, MRSA has been a major source of serious community and hospital acquired infections world wide. Recent studies suggest an increase in the incidence of MRSA infections in Nigeria. We have therefore evaluated the current status of MRSA in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Fifty isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, recovered from clinical samples were analyzed for Methicillin resistance and Beta lactamase production using acidodometric and standard disk diffusion methods. Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) to Cloxacillin was also determined by standard broth microdilution method. About 38(76%) of isolates tested positive to β-lactase production, 20(40.0%) of isolates were methicillin resistant (MRSA) by disk diffusion. Females had a higher MRSA distribution than males while the peadiatric age group had the highest MRSA distribution with 9(45.0%), whiles age group 16-30 had the lowest occurrence 5(25.0%). Distribution of Beta-lactamase production in MRSA isolates was 16(32.0%) and 22(68.0%) was recorded by MSSA isolates. Cloxacillin MIC₅₀ value for all isolates tested was 62.25µg/ml, while MIC₉₀ value was 250µg/ml. Antibiotic susceptibility distribution of MRSA isolates revealed that Gentamycin was the most active antibiotic with 75.0% sensitivity, amoxicillin and augumentin displayed poor sensitivity in both MRSA and MSSA isolates. Generally resistance was high to Erythromycin and tetracycline. We report a high incidence of MRSA in recent S. aureus isolates; however a major limitation to this study was our inability to identify PVL positive isolates, as this would have revealed the level of potential public health risk Staphylococcus infection. It is recommend that public health authorities should enforce better surveillance programs to include molecular epidemiology studies as well as routine MRSA screening in our health institutions, and improve on preventive health planning strategies.

[Motayo BO, Akinduti PA, Okerentugba PO, Innocent-Adiele HC, Onoh CC, Nwanze JC, Okonko IO. Methicillin Resistance and Beta-Lactamase Production in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Samples in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Academ Arena 2012;4(6):25-29] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040612.03

Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Beta-Lactamase, Antibiotic susceptibility, Abeokuta, MRSA.

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Hormonal Profile during Ovarian Cycle in the Emballonuridae Female Bat Taphozous Kachhensis (Dobson)

¹CHAVHAN, P.R, ²DHAMANI, A. A

¹Department of Zoology, Shri.S.S.Sci.College, Ashti 442707

²Department of Zoology, N.H.College, Bramhapuri 441206

Abstract: The ovarian hormone examined during different stages of reproductive cycle in bat Taphozous kachhensis are describe. During estrus there is sharp increase in estrogen level is observed, while the progesterone level is decrease. This sharp increase in the level of estrogen correlates with histological observation during estrus where ovary shows well developed Graffian follicles. During the early pregnancy the concentration of progesterone is increases, while estrogen concentration decreases, this observation correlates with the histological finding of corpus luteum during early pregnancy. As the pregnancy advanced there is further decline in the level of progesterone during mid pregnancy but it is high as compare to estrogen, this decrease in the level of progesterone is due to the regression of corpus luteum during mid pregnancy. The higher level of progesterone is further maintained after the formation of placenta. During the late pregnancy there is sharp increase in the level of estrogen, while the progesterone level again decreases. During lactation sharp increase in the level of estrogen is observed, while the level of progesterone is decreases and attains the low concentration.

[Chavhan, P.R., and Dhamani, A.A. Hormonal Profile during Ovarian Cycle in the Emballonuridae Female Bat Taphozous Kachhensis (Dobson). Academic Arena. 2012;4(6):30-36] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040612.04

Key words: Ovary, Estrogen, Progesterone, Pregnancy.

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Application of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) in the Investigation of the Impact of Solid Waste Leachate Contaminant Plumes on Groundwater

J.A. Olowofela¹, O.D. Akinyemi¹ and A.S. Ogungbe¹²

1Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

2Department of Physics, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria

E-mail: ogungbea@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: A Direct- Current Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) was carried out at Solous 2 open dumpsite in Alimosho Local Government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The dumpsite is a typical non-controlled waste facility that lacks bottom liner. Four (4) profiles employing the Neighboring method of EIT were conducted at different stations on the dumpsite with the aim of investigating the depth of subsurface leachate contaminant plumes of the area. The inversion of the EIT voltage data was accomplished using the Electrical Impedance and Diffuse Optical Reconstruction Software (EIDORS) version 3.0 toolkit for MATLAB to obtain three-dimensional (3D) conductivity profiles of the dumpsite. The scheme utilized in this paper is a forward solution solved with a mesh of 768 finite elements with 205 nodes. With the aid of the 3D impedance tomograms, regions of high conductivity ranging from 2000 mS/m to 4000 mS/m were delineated. These are believed to be leachate derived from decomposed waste. Non-degraded refuse occurred as regions of high resistivity (depicted with negative conductivity values on the tomograms). The results show that the leachate contaminant plumes were found to have migrated about 50m away from the base of the dumpsite which is in agreement with those from earlier studies using conventional geophysical techniques. These revelations are alarming considering the implications on the health of the people and the environment if not checked. The study showed that the Electrical Impedance Tomography which has been used extensively in the medical field can be effective in the investigation of leachate contaminant plumes around refuse dumpsites.

[J.A. Olowofela, O.D. Akinyemi and A.S. Ogungbe. Application of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) in the Investigation of the Impact of Solid Waste Leachate Contaminant Plumes on Groundwater. Academic Arena. 2012;4(6):37-47] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040612.05

Keywords: Electrical Impedance Tomography, Solid Waste, Leachate, Contaminant plume, Groundwater

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弦论框架现代版表示讲义

单炜滕

Recommended by 王德奎, y-tx@163.com

摘要：现代理论物理学的西方的一支大进军是舶来品的弦论，那么也许有人会问：什么是中国弦学？中国弦学需要融入世界，世界也需要中国弦学吗？ 量子中国把弦学从原子论扩容到孤子链，就是把实体与操作、粒子和场、静止与运动、波与粒、结构与交换结合在一起来完整、准确认识物质的一种全息思维。

[单炜滕. 弦论框架现代版表示讲义. Academic Arena. 2012;4(6):48-81] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040612.06

关键词：拓扑量子 弦论 框架 内空间

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