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THEN MADURAI?...(Scientific Research Article)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: Medieval Philosophers believed “ALCHEMY” as mystic knowledge, mystic science based on Hermitic Principles. ALCHEMISTS considered Alchemy also as Proto Science which was foundation to Modern Science, modern chemistry, chemical elements, and developed structures of basic Laboratory Techniques, theories, Terminologies, experimental methods contributed to modern physical sciences. Further Medieval Alchemists believed AETHER, AIR, WATER, EARTH, FIRE, SULPHER, MERCURY, SALT were Primary sources to Alchemy origin. In ancient time Egyptian Alchemists, Greek Alchemists Mesopotamian Alchemists were considered as evolved thinkers to transform basic matters into another form of matters. They believed origin of planets, plants, animals, were considered as transformed state of Alchemy say PLANET ALCHEMY, PLANT ALCHEMY, ANIMAL ALCHEMY. Even they believed Heart and Soul of mankind can be transformed into another form. Some Alchemists believed GOLD, SILVER are transmuted form of basic element LEAD. Study shows than Etymology of word ALCHEMY considered derived from Arabic word ‘ALKIMIYA” which means “PHILOSOPHERS STONE”. “Robert Boyle” is considered as “Father of Chemistry” in medieval period

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. THEN MADURAI?...(Scientific Research Article). Academ Arena 2015;7(4):1-5]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.01

Keywords: Medieval Philosopher; ALCHEMY; science; Hermitic Principles; ALCHEMISTS; chemistry; elements; Technique; theories

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量子引力

Ma Hongbao ^{1, *}, Margaret Young ²

¹ Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: 量子场论是建构在广义相对论的平坦时空下基本力的粒子场上，在广义相对论的弯曲时空架构，无法透过重整化的数学技巧来达成量子化描述，引力子会互相吸引，当把所有反应加总常会得到许许多多的无限大值，没法用数学得到有意义的有限值。量子电动力学中对于光子的描述，虽然仍会出现一些无限大值，但为数较少可以透过重整化方法可以将之消除，而得到实验上可量到的、具有意义的有限值。广义相对论描述引力并且适用在大尺度结构（恒星、行星、银河等），而量子力学描述其他三种作用在微观尺度的基本力。广义相对论没有固定的时空背景，而在牛顿力学与狭义相对论则有。广义相对论可以视作是一种关系理论，在这样的理论中，物理上唯一要紧的讯息是时空中不同事件彼此间的关系。

[Ma H, Young M. 量子引力. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):6-12]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.02

Keywords: 量子; 场论; 相对论;时空; 粒子; 引力; 物理

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本地性科学初探 - 中国前沿科学检视与西方科学之争 (8 – 11)

金识

Recommended: 王德奎 y-tx@163.com; 张洞生 zhangds12@hotmail.com / zds@outlook.com (17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, U.S.A.)

Abstract: 科学创新、进化因素，存在普遍性、世界性，也存在有本土性和地域性，涉及科学作为一种智力，特别是数、理、化、生等学科的公式、定理、定律，它的客观性类似早已存在，不以人存，不以天亡，只是等人早晚的条件和来发现。对于不是自己的发现，它类似传说。但他人的发现，也是可以再重复计算、推导、证明、试验检查的。发现成为非物质文化科学遗产传说，一方面它有普遍性、世界性；或者它从本土性和地域性也可以转变成普遍性、世界性。但有些非物质文化科学遗产的传说，它的可证性、表演性很小。本篇是此文的第8至第11部分。

[金识. 本地性科学初探 - 中国前沿科学检视与西方科学之争 (8-11). Academ Arena 2015;7(4):13-28]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.03

Keywords: 科学; 创新; 进化; 存在; 普遍性; 世界性; 文化; 遗产

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场学简介

陈果仁

中国科学家论坛副理事长, 上海（国际）前沿科学研究会召集人

手机：13337393557; Email：guozi6@hotmail.com; 博客：http://blog.sina.com.cn/renzichen

Recommended: Zhang Dong Sheng (张洞生), zhangds12@hotmail.com / zds@outlook.com (17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, U.S.A.)

Abstract: 世界上所有事物都处在普遍联系之中，都以相同的规律运行着，世界是统一的。当今科学发展已经达到这样一个高度，揭开世界本来面貌的时机已经成熟。陈果仁先生创立的大科学用现有的科学实验全面修正了现有科学理论，为科学的发展翻开了新的一页。世界是统一的，因此应当有一门能够系统说明所有事物的大科学，该文作者所阐述的场学正是这样一种理论，它将所有学科的基本原理归结到一种理论中。现在我们将其部分摘要发布出来，希望能够引起科学界的足够注意与深入争鸣。

[陈果仁. 场学简介. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):29-50]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.04

关键词：以太场。核场。万有场。旋子精构场。生物大分子复杂可变精构场。电子势阱。环形负电场。物体表面以太层。

Introduction to the Field Theory

Chen Guoren

Vice President of Chinese scientists BBS; Shanghai (international) frontier science research convener

Mobile: 13337393557; Email:guozi6@hotmail.com; Blog: http://blog.sina.com.cn/renzichen

Abstract: The etheric field; the nuclear field; the gravitational field; the microvortex fine structure field ; fine structure field of complex variable biological macromolecular; electronic potential well; annular negative electric field; the etheric of the object’s surface. The Big Science founded by Chen guoren amends the existing scientific theory comprehensively with the existing scientific experiment, and opens a new page to the development of science. The world is in the unity, so there should be a Big Science to systematically explain all the things, and the Field Theory illustrated in this paper by the author is such a theory, which attributes the basic principles of all subjects to one theory. Now we are going to release some of its abstract, hoping to cause enough attention and in-depth debate of scientific community.

[Chen Guoren. Introduction to the Field Theory. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):29-50]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.04

Key words: etheric field; nuclear field; gravitational field; microvortex fine structure field; fine structure field

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《从突变到质变》是对宇宙中事物之《生长衰亡根本规律》的佐证 - 关于《从量变质变规律》的讨论

张洞生

17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, U.S.A.

zhangds12@hotmail.com / zds@outlook.com

【摘要】。数量的增减引起性质的改变，或者说，量变到一程度时引起质变。只有事物本身内部各部分的‘突变’才能使事物整体的结构产生‘质变’，即由原来的旧事物旧结构‘质变’为新事物新结构。我们宇宙中任何事物，包括宇宙本身，都符合‘生长衰亡规律’这个宇宙的根本规律，其‘生和死’都是‘突变’和‘质变’，其‘长和衰’都是由‘突变后的量变造成的’。只有物体内部各部件结构不断有序地‘突变’，才能最后达到物体整体结构的‘质变’。因此，‘突变’是事物‘质变’的动因和必要条件，而‘量变’可作为‘突变’后‘增强或减弱’事物‘质变’结果的补充条件。现在科学界用‘系统工程，耗散理论，突变论，蝴蝶效应等’解释、分析、比较、总结各种事物的‘突变’过程。

[张洞生. 《从突变到质变》是对宇宙中事物之《生长衰亡根本规律》的佐证-关于《从量变质变规律》的讨论. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):51-61]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.05

【关键词】。突变；量变；质变；突变后的量变；量变到质变规律

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The responsibility due to the freedom restraint for the people of a society & deprivation of their legal rights

Mehrnoush Ghanbar Poor Hoshangi, Mahmoud Bavi

Department of Law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr, Iran

Abstract: The deprivation of the accused and suspects of freedom. Because of its importance in criminal procedure, entails some dos and donَts which necessitate special rules and regulations, even before and after it. The development of a culture about the nature of deprivation of freedom and the involvement of the legislator in some situations which have remained disregarded so far, especially in the current Iranian regulations, can definitely contribute to the improvement of the criminal procedure. In the Iranian rules and regulations, citizens are not recognized by law to be able to deprive one of freedom, though in the new bill of criminal procedure it has been predicted. The advantage of the Iranina law system over is that the duration of the deprivation of freedom by the police is limited at most 24 hours. Limitation on the number of authorities who are legally allowed to deprive one of freedom, the acceptance and institutionalization of the possibility of the supervision of the authorities not involved in the investigation over the process of deprivation of freedom, collective decision-making about the detention of individuals, the necessity of the supervision of high-ranking police or judicial authorities, and the specialization in enforcing the related regulations are among the important rules that are formulated and explicated more carefully in the other countries law system. Also, some objections can be raised to this legal system because the cases of detention and accusation are not separated, the process of objection to deprivation of freedom is not adversarial and also the accused and his solicitor are limited in expressing their ideas about the judicial detention or detention by police. However, the legislators of Iranian should remove subjects or accusations with a little or even fair degree of importance from the list of crimes that might give rise to the deprivation of freedom, predict an independent defensive institution which can provide the detainees with defensive facilities and also put emphasis on the principle of freedom. In the Iranian law system, the special and vulnerable suspects generally enjoy no special privileges.

[Mehrnoush Ghanbar poor hoshangi, mahmoud bavi. The responsibility due to the freedom restraint for the people of a society & deprivation of their legal rights. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):62-67]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.06

Key words: arrest under warrant, arrest detention, judicial warrant, temporary detention, constable, judicial authorities

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Correlation analysis for various morphological traits of Solanum nigrum, Setaria pumila, Leptochloa chinesis and Phalaris minor

Amna Saeed¹, Qurban Ali², Qurat-ul-Ain Sajid¹, Ali Ahmad³, Arfan Ali², Tahir Rahman Samiullah², Saira Azam², Saira Mahmood⁴, Yusra Babar⁴, Syed Bilal Hussain¹, Rao Abdul Qayyum¹, Idrees Ahmad Nasir² and Tayyab Husnain²

^1.  Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bhauddin Zikarya University Multan

^2.  Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

^3.  Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

^4.  Department of Horticulture, Bhauddin Zikarya University Multan

Emails: saim1692@gmail.com, qurban.ali@cemb.edu.pk, amnasaeed067@yahoo.com

Cell No: +92(0)321-9621929

Abstract: The present study was carried out to access relationship among various traits of weeds. Higher weed plant population was recorded for Phalaris minor. It was found that Solanum nigrum showed higher fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, plant and inflorescence weight and moisture percentage. It was found that total plant moisture percentage and total inflorescence moisture percentage was strongly and significantly correlated with each other. It was suggested from correlation of plant population and total plant and inflorescence moisture percentage that the weed plants used much of the input sources of crop plants. The higher plant population also provides a shelter for insects/pests that caused damage in crop plants to reduce crop yield. The competition of crop plant with weeds increased due to higher weed population and adversely effects water and nutrient requirements. It was suggested that the herbicide resistant varieties should be developed of use herbicide before sowing of crop plants.

[Saeed A, Qurban A, Qurat-ul-Ain S, Ali A, Arfan A, Samiullah TR, Saira A, Saira M, Yusra B, Syed BH, Rao AQ, Idrees AN and Tayyab H. Correlation analysis for various morphological traits of Solanum nigrum, Setaria pumila, Leptochloa chinesis, Phalaris minor. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):68-73]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.07

Keywords: Solanum nigrum, Setaria pumila, Leptochloa chinesis, Phalaris minor, correlation, morphological

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Correlation analysis for various morphological traits of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus viridis, Anagallis arvensis and Asphodelus tenuifolius

Yusra Babar¹, Qurban Ali², Saira Mahmood¹, Ali Ahmad³, Arfan Ali², Tahir Rahman Samiullah², Saira Azam², Amna Saeed⁴, Qurat-ul-Ain Sajid⁴, Akbar Anjum¹, Idrees Ahmad Nasir² and Tayyab Husnain²

^1.  Department of Horticulture, Bhauddin Zikarya University Multan

^2.  Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

^3.  Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

^4.  Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bhauddin Zikarya University Multan

Emails: saim1692@gmail.com, qurban.ali@cemb.edu.pk

Cell No: +92(0)321-9621929

Abstract: The weeds are undesirable plant grown in the crop fields. The removal of weeds from crop field is much important to minimize yield loss of crop plants. A study was conducted to access the relationship among weed plant traits during March 2015 at Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan. It was found that higher plant population of Anagallis arvensis, Asphodelus tenuifolius and Chenopodium album was recorded for most of studied locations. Asphodelus tenuifolius showed higher total plant and inflorescence moisture percentage. It was found that total plant moisture percentage and total inflorescence moisture percentage was strongly and significantly correlated with each other. It was suggested from correlation of plant population and total plant and inflorescence moisture percentage that the weed plants used much of the input sources of crop plants. The competition of crop plant with weeds increased due to higher weed population and adversely effects water and nutrient requirements. It was suggested that the herbicide resistant varieties should be developed of use herbicide before sowing of crop plants.

[Yusra B, Qurban A, Saira M, Ali A, Arfan A, Samiullah TR, Saira A, Qurat-ul-Ain S, Saeed A, Syed BH, Rao AQ, Idrees AN and Tayyab H. Correlation analysis for various morphological traits of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus viridis, Anagallis arvensis and Asphodelus tenuifolius. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):74-79]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.08

Keywords: Chenopodium album, Amaranthus viridis, Anagallis arvensis, Asphodelus tenuifolius

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Numerical Solution Of The Duffing’S Equation Based On Ode 45 Solver

¹ADEWOLE O.O, ²Agbo-Ajala O, ³LAWRENCE M.O, ⁴ Alli S.G, ⁵Aremu O.

¹Department of Physics & Electronics, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.

^{2, 3}Department of Computer Science, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Mathematics & Statistics, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria.

⁵Department of Physics with Electronics, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria.

Correspondence viz; mayowaadewole@hotmail.com

Abstract: The Duffing’s equation arises in the motion of a simple pendulum. A few numerical values is presented for the numerical solution of the differential equation based on the ODE 45 solver, fundamentally 4^th order Runge-Kutta based. The 4^th order Runge-Kutta method has been applied in diverse applications in physical and mathematical sciences, etc and different modifications like the Adam-Bashforth, Milne’s predictor-corrector methods, etc have emerged for enhanced performance.

[ADEWOLE O.O, Agbo-Ajala O, LAWRENCE M.O, Alli S.G, Aremu O. Numerical Solution Of The Duffing’S Equation Based On Ode 45 Solver. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):80-80]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.09

Key words: Numerical Solution, Duffing’S Equation, Ode 45 Solver.

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大学教育的理念和问题

马宏宝

Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: 学校的主要任务是教授给学生知识。现在的高等教育所需时间过长，即使对于一个从上小学开始就不间断学习的学生，完成学业取得博士学位，正常情况下也要到达28岁或更大的年龄。重要的是，实际情况是大部分的学生有一半的时间与精力并没有用在学习之上。就当代通常的情况之下，人生中最有创造性的年龄是从 22 岁开始。但是，针对现在知识爆炸的事实，大学本科的教育已经不能满足高科技及管理人才对知识的要求。所以，强化教育及缩短学习年限是时代所需。我们办学的目标是对社会做出进尽可能大的贡献，并给与投资者尽可能大的投资回报。我们应当办出最适合社会情况最有效率的学校。

[马宏宝. 大学教育的理念和问题. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):81-83]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.10

Key words: 学校; 学生; 知识; 教育; 科技; 管理; 知识; 社会; 效率

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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Renal Obstruction Literatures

Ma Hongbao ¹, Margaret Ma ², Yang Yan ¹

¹ Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Obstructive uropathy is a condition in which the flow of urine is blocked. This causes the urine to back up and injure one or both kidneys. Obstructive uropathy occurs when urine cannot drain through a ureter. Urine backs up into the kidney and causes it to become hydronephrosis. It can occur suddenly, or be a long-term problem. If the blockage comes on suddenly, kidney damage is less likely if the problem is detected and treated promptly, and the damage to the kidneys goes away normally. Long-term damage to the kidneys may occur if the blockage has been present for a long time. If the problem is caused by a blockage in the bladder, the bladder may have long-term damage, which may lead to problems emptying the bladder or leakage of urine. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. It is part of the system that restores the oxygen supply to tissues when blood circulation is inadequate. Serum concentration of VEGF is high in many diseases such as bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus, etc. VEGF's normal function is to create new blood vessels during embryonic development, new blood vessels after injury, muscle following exercise, and new vessels to bypass blocked vessels. Overexpression of VEGF can cause disease. Solid cancers cannot grow beyond a limited size without an adequate blood supply, but are able to grow and metastasize with the overexpression of VEGF. Overexpression of VEGF can cause vascular disease in the retina of the eye and other parts of the body, and drugs such as bevacizumab and ranibizumab can inhibit VEGF and control or slow these diseases.

[Ma H, Young M, Yang Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Renal Obstruction Literatures. Academ Arena 2015;7(4):84-99]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 11. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070415.11

Key words: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); renal; obstruction; life

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