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1

Investigating the Effect of Financial Development on the Credit Risk of Banks

(Case Study: Iran Mellat Bank)

Reza shadman^1*, Abdolkarim Hossienpoor ^2**

^*Department of Financial Management, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, Iran

^** Department of Management in Persian Gulf University Bushehr, iran

Abstract: The existence of an efficient financial system in economic activities, especially for the banking sector, can affect the process of the banking sector development. On the other hand, the absence of a developed financial market in the service of sustainable economic growth, particularly to fund the industrial plans is of the problems of our country's manufacturing and production sector. That is why study the effect of financial development on bank risk is necessary. This study examines the effect of credit risk in the Mellat Bank financial development over the period from 2009 to 2013. Results showed that increasing financial development index according to this relationship reduces the relative losses of loans and consequently reduces credit risk. With the increase in financial development index by one unit with the assumption of other factors being constant, loans relative losses will be decreased up to 0. 45. As a result, reduces credit risk. Also, increasing trade openness index and interacting with other economies in the world credit risk could be reduced.

[Reza shadman, Abdolkarim Hossienpoor. Investigating the Effect of Financial Development on the Credit Risk of Banks (Case Study: Iran Mellat Bank). Academ Arena 2016;8(11):1-5]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.01.

Key Words: Financial, Effect, Credit Risk, development.

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Crime child abuse in penal laws Iran with approaches of criminology

Mohamad mokhtaba ^1*, Mansour Atashehneh ^2**

^*Department of Law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

^** Assistant Professor, Department of Law in Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, iran

Abstract: Child abuse is an issue of social and medical ills that today's world has been extremely busy. Many causes for the prevalence of child abuse and neglect as children have. Child abuse and neglect in the family and in society is very bad. Child abuse is part of the damage to children who have been banned almost forbidden and can be prevented and the man-made. Child abuse is a behavior where the child sexual and physical abuse by people placed psychological and emotional or neglect to meet the basic needs him. Child abuse is any intentional act or omission that would inflict bodily injury to a child moral spirit. Other offenses such as the crime of child abuse material and psychological elements is legal. Child abuse is a public crime. And it is the prosecutor in charge of the prosecution of one of the crimes that can be punished offenses of crimes punishable by up to both. Child abuse is not a new phenomenon in the world And as old as human history has long been considered And in every society according to the cultural conditions of society has enjoyed the intensity and diversity. Child abuse in our country spite of Islam and ancient civilization and culture are also And discussion is relatively new and exotic. The term child abuse legislation first enacted in 1381 to protect children and adolescents in our country's legal literature. According to Iranian culture and based on the teachings of Islam to children and their reverence and respect for the Iranian people will prevent any cases of child abuse. The mass of criminologists point of view of several factors, including factors related to child abuse is opened. This crime from the perspective of criminology has several factors, including factors related to child abuse and abused children and parents geographical and political factors related to social environment. Criminal and non-criminal offenses prevention of child abuse, child abuse by criminologists and government to tackle the crime is in progress.

[Mohamad mokhtaba, Mansour Atashehneh. Crime child abuse in penal laws Iran with approaches of criminology. Academ Arena 2016;8(11):6-8]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.02.

Key words: crime- Child abuse- penal law -Criminology.

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Study the soil chemical quality in artificial filter PP450

(Case study: Ramhourmoz rejion )

M. Tamimi¹, A. A. Naseri², Z. Izadpanah³, M. Ghobadinia⁴

^1- M.Sc. Student Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University Of Ahvaz, Iran.

^2- Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Shahid Chamran University Of Ahvaz, Iran.

^3- Assistant Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Shahid Chamran UniversityOf Ahvaz, Iran.

^4- Assistant Professor of Water Engineering Department, Shahrekord University,Shahrekord, Iran.

geetakh@gmail.com

Abstract: An essential part of each drainage system is the filter of drains. Drains filter is one of important factors in underground drainage system performance. The goal of this study was study Soil chemical quality in artificial filters in 2000 hours testing. The soil of Ramhourmoz area is studied in three treatments with three replication. First treatment in a continuous exploitation condition, second treatment is done by continius and discontinius flow and the third treatment is done through heating. Sampling process is done in 1/5 meter depth of installed drains in Soltan Abad region (In area lands of Fajr Ramhourmoz project ). The model was made of Polyethylene Cylinder which consists of lace, sand, artificial filters, soil and water. The exit water is used again. The quality of water and soil of the region was measured before the test. After three months soil quality is measured again and the result is presented in tables. The results indicates rises in all elements after 2000 hours data processing. Element rises percentage is the most in the over heating treatment due to the gravity of this treatment, Then is discontinius treatment and the one is constant treatment. Gyps and Carbonate amount in all measuring parts were zero.

[Tamimi M, Naseri A A, Izadpanah Z, Ghobadinia M. Study the soil chemical quality in artificial filter PP450

(Case study: Ramhourmoz rejion ) Academ Arena 2016;8(11):9-11]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.02

Keywords: chemical quality, artificial filter, drainage.

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4

The Comparative Study of Stipulation in Iran, French and England Law

Seyed Taher Ahmadi ^*1, Seid Abdolmotalab ahmadzadeh bazaz ^2**

^*Department of law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr, Iran.

^** Department of law in Mofid University Qom, Iran

Abstract: The conditions Alqd right and wrong conditions can be divided into two categories. Void provisions are divided into two types diriment and non diriment. Alqd also includes provisions on the rights of property condition, and the result is a verb. This division is inspired by religious texts and in some legal systems, such as France and the UK The same types of conditions (with little tolerance) can be seen. It seems a sufficient condition for the validity of the characteristics that lead to its invalidity is not it. And other legislative provisions that civil vicious examples If the conditions included in the contract due to the inclusion of the principle of freedom of contract is valid and reliable. When a contract is conditional on the It is necessary for the validity of the properties that have been in the law, the validity of the provisions of the Alqd in fiqh texts and jurists have long been involved in issues related to the condition of the corrupt and non-corrupt, Iran's civil rights are not unaware of the issue and a special chapter devoted to it, matching it with foreign rights at the head of the study, In addition to the benefit of familiarity with the rules and regulations related to the provisions of the Alqd foreign law, since it leads to achievement The depth of breadth of vision to the laws of countries and thus compare similarities and differences between the funds with the intention of developing the research we have Although the results will be flawed and Narsahayy also because of the novice researcher in the study, so the meaning of the expression condition In the legal system and domestic and international law, and then the expression of a variety of conditions in addition to Alqd, as we have discussed implementation of the health condition of the Alqd.

[Seyed Taher Ahmadi, Seid Abdolmotalab ahmadzadeh bazaz. The Comparative Study of Stipulation in Iran, French and England Law. Academ Arena 2016;8(11):12-14]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.04.

Keywords: Alqd the conditions, various conditions, right and wrong, comparative study.

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Effect of tax avoidance on audit fees

Seyed emadodin emamifar ^1*, Mohammad khodamoradi ^2**

^*Department of Accounting, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

^**Department of Accounting, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad university, Izeh, iran

Abstract: Pricing auditors for audit services use a variety of factors. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of tax avoidance on audit fees in listed companies on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. The statistical sample of 65 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1387 to 1393 is formed. To achieve this objective, the effective tax rate based on earnings and differences between accounting profit and taxable profit is used as a tax avoidance measure. The research hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The findings show that the relationship between the effective tax rate on profits of accounting and auditing fees based there. In other words, by increasing the effective tax rate based on earnings also increased audit fees. But the difference between accounting profit and taxable profit and audit fees is a significant relationship was not found.

[Seyed emadodin emamifar, Mohammad khodamoradi. Effect of tax avoidance on audit. Academ Arena 2016;8(11):15-19]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.05.

Keywords: tax avoidance, audit fees, the effective tax rate based on earnings, differences in accounting profit and taxable profit.

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6

Presenting a model to find location of communication antennas under capacity and uncertain demands of users (case study: Ahvaz city)

Parviz Tohidi Nasab^1*, Soheila Seyed Boveir^2**

^*Department of industrial engineering, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, Iran

^**Department of industrial engineering, Abadan, Islamic Azad university, Abadan, Iran

Abstract: In this study, the use of robust optimization approach for locating the proposed covering model for the antennas and telecommunications masts and the models proposed in the literature for the coverage will be used to present an appropriate and new model for its robustness. In the last decade, the use of mobile phone has been considerably increased. Mobile communication networks have been modeled in the form of cells and each cell has covered one area. One of the issues raised in the field of antennas and telecommunications masts is localization of the desired stations to offer an appropriate mobile service in terms of signaling. Different signaling radius of the stations, their localization and geographical conditions of the area make the localization of the stations to be NP- hard optimization problem. In this study, robustness - based modeling is used to evaluate the effect of uncertainty in subscriber's demand.

[Parviz Tohidi Nasab, Soheila Seyed Boveir. Presenting a model to find location of communication antennas under capacity and uncertain demands of users (case study: Ahvaz city). Academ Arena 2016;8(11):20-26]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.06.

Keywords: localization – telecommunications masts - NP Hard - Robust Optimization.

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7

The New Prime theorems（71）-（100）

Jiang, Chunxuan (蒋春暄)

Institute for Basic Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA

And: P. O. Box 3924, Beijing 100854, China (蒋春暄，北京3924信箱，100854)

jiangchunxuan@sohu.com, cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn, jcxuan@sina.com, Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com, jcxxxx@163.com

Abstract: Using Jiang function we prove that the new prime theorems (141)-（190) contain infinitely many prime solutions and no prime solutions.

[Chun-Xuan Jiang. The New Prime theorems（71）-（100）. Academ Arena 2016;8(11):27-58]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.07.

Keywords: prime; theorem; function; number; new

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Comparative analysis of carbon sequestration capacity of selected exotic trees for reforestation program Ogun State

Eguakun F.S¹ and Adesoye, P.O.²

^1.  Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Port Harcourt

^2.  Department of Forestry School of Agriculture, University of Venda Thohoyandou, South Africa

Funmilayo.popo-ola@uniport.edu.ng, petadesoye@yahoo.com

Abstract: The amount of carbon in the atmosphere is alarming; storing this atmospheric carbon (C) in terrestrial biosphere like forest is one of the options, which have been proposed to compensate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Trees are believed to be a major potential carbon sink if judiciously managed and carbon source if otherwise. Thus, the importance of reforestation as a land-use system is receiving wider recognition not only in terms of forest sustainability but also in issues related to climate change. The objective of this paper was to compare the Carbon sequestration capacity of selected exotic tree species used for reforestation program and to develop prediction models for these species. Although there were no significant difference among the carbon sequestered by the species, Tectona grandis sequestered more carbon compared to the other species tested. From the model trials used in the study, polynomial models were selected as the best predictive models for the species.

[Eguakun, F.S., Adesoye, P.O. Comparative analysis of carbon sequestration capacity of selected exotic trees for reforestation program Ogun State. Academ Arena 2016;8(11):59-66]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.08.

Key words: Carbon sequestration, Reforestation, Models, Species, Wood density

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现代物理学基础的思考之四————《广义相对论的思考》

李学生 (Li Xuesheng)

山东大学副教授，理论物理教师, 中国管理科学院学术委员会特约研究员, 北京相对论研究联谊会会员，中国民主同盟盟员（作者为中国科学院高能物理所研究员）

xiandaiwulixue@21cn.com, 1922538071@qq.com

摘要 (Abstract): 爱因斯坦用他的睿智建立了广义相对论,把引力场几何化(非欧伪黎曼空间),给出时间,空间和物质的统一理论,使物理学达到“完美化”,然而这个理论却把引力作用和其它三种作用:电磁作用,弱作用,强作用作了形式完全不同的表述.并且广义相对论本身还包含了巨大的困难.当把引力场几何化后,它的(引力场)几何方程中,有独立的10个时空对称曲率张量方程,一个物态方程.

[李学生 (Li Xuesheng). 现代物理学基础的思考之四———《广义相对论的思考》. Academ Arena 2016;8(11):67-76]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.09.

关键词 (Keywords): 爱因斯坦;广义相对论;引力场; 时间; 空间; 物质

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Relationship between personality traits and job stress with job satisfaction workers

Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi ¹, Seyed Esmaeil Hashemi Sheykhshabani ², Tayebeh Mohtashami ¹, Azadeh Nateqi ¹

^1. Payamenoor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

^2. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

maliakbari1390@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Job satisfaction is one of the important topics discussed in maintaining human resources in an organization. Several internal and external factors in could be found that are effective in increasing job satisfaction. A sample of 482 employees of some governmental organizations in Tehran was selected by cluster sampling. The five factors inventory of personality, job satisfaction and job stress questionnaires were used. There is a relationship between personality characteristics of employees and job satisfaction. Specifically, it was found a significant negative relationship between job satisfaction and neuroticism and positive relationship between other components of personality with job satisfaction. If there is a fit between environment and environmental patterns with personality characteristics, then job satisfaction and achievement in organizational settings would be increased, job stress would be decreased and elevated productivity for employees and the organization will arise.

[Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi, Seyed Esmaeil Hashemi Sheykhshabani, Tayebeh Mohtashami, Azadeh Nateqi. Relationship between personality traits and job stress with job satisfaction workers. Academ Arena 2016;8(11):76-83]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.10.

Keywords: Job satisfaction; Personality characteristics; Job stress

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Results Of Research On Astronomy (Formerly published as Irlapatism-Irlapati Theory of Universe)

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibaba Nagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad – 500 055, Telangana State, INDIA

Email ID: scientistgangadhar@gmail.com

Abstract: Astronomy is a natural science, is the study of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons etc. I have conducted many researches in the field of Astronomy and invented some related discoveries & inventions which may also be useful in understanding the extent of the use of Astronomy.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Results Of Research On Astronomy (Formerly published as Irlapatism-Irlapati Theory of Universe). Academ Arena 2016;8(11):84-112]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 11. doi:10.7537/marsaaj081116.11.

112

Key Words: Astronomy, Universe, A new Hypothetical Model of Cosmology

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