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The character of the offender, due process and sentencing of Iranian criminal law

Hamid Dehghani ¹, Seyed Hosein altaha^2*

¹Department of law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr, Iran

² Department of law in Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, Iran

salehizaynab@yahoo.com

Abstract: Since there are numerous factors involved in the human personality formation and evolution among which one can point to the genetic, inheritance and environmental factors, as well as, the discrepancies which have been long existing between the philosophers and the thinkers regarding the human beings’ free will and predestination in areas such as criminology, the principle of free will and freedom in committing a crime and also the theory of determinism in perpetrating a crime each have their own proponents, and it has to be mentioned that the gender cannot be considered as a factor in the differences in the punishment, but in Islam’s legal system and subsequently the current regulations adopted by the Islamic Republic of Iran, there are differences seen in this respect. Such distinctions and differences can be summarized in three sets: the differences in the type and the intensity of the punishment, the differences in the exemptions from the punishments and the differences in the execution of the punishment. Some of the courts base their trials and judgments on the personality of the perpetrator and special conditions the convict has gone through. The clergymen-specific courts try the clergymen, the military courts I and II try the military men, the children’s courts try the children and the penal court in Tehran Province which is qualified to try the individuals based on their occupations and their vocational positions according to the article 4 of the Administrative Justice Courts Formation Law. The legislator should be more attentive in indicting, investigating and trying them.

[Hamid Dehghani, Seyed Hosein altaha. The character of the offender, due process and sentencing of Iranian criminal law. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):1-4]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.01.

Keywords: convict, personality, crime, punishment, penal law

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引力子等偏振量子数与马约拉纳熵 ----非线性暗物质原子量子研究与应用（7）

王德奎 (Wang Dekui)

绵阳日报社，中国 （China）

y-tx@163.com

摘要 (Abstract)：破中国高能物理马约拉纳熵，创建引力子学与应用引力子实，找到“天使粒子”，想当“魔鬼”也不容易。因为偏振量子数能雄起量子引力等方法。我们注意到引力场和量子场，除能量守恒、哈密顿原理等要遵守的定理、规律外，爱因斯坦、玻尔和“川大学派”都有自己的核心思辩武器。

[王德奎 (Wang Dekui). 引力子等偏振量子数与马约拉纳熵 ----非线性暗物质原子量子研究与应用（7）. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):5-33]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.02.

关键词 (Keywords)：马约拉纳熵 天使粒子 引力子学 偏振量子数 川大学派

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[Academ Arena 2017;9(9):34-45]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3.

Withdrawn

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Women Extension Agents’ Effectiveness in Diffusion of Agricultural Innovation in Rivers State, Nigeria

¹Tasie, C. M., ² Tasie, E. N. and ³ Ajie, E. N.

^1,3Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Economics/Extension Unit), Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

²Department of English Studies, School of Languages, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

E-mail: tasiechimezie@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Women Extension Agents in the diffusion of innovation in Rivers State. Two sets of questionnaires were used. One was administered to contact farmers (CFs) and the other for Women Extension Agent (WEAs). The study findings showed that most of the WEAs (75%) are educated as they possess higher academic qualifications specializing in various fields of agriculture. The study also showed that majority (45%) of the WEAs are between 34 – 44 years, with a mean age of 42 years and all the WEAs are well experienced in agricultural extension/communication matters. The study further showed that the WEAs are effective in agricultural extension delivery services. Notable factors that affected the effectiveness of WEAs in the diffusion of agricultural innovation in the study area were: inadequate training, inadequate number of demonstration farms, social barriers and poor transportation. However, to enhance the effectiveness of WEAs, the following recommendation are proffered: rural farmers should be adequately sensitized on extension service delivery so as to make them accept agricultural innovations, demonstration farms should be established to encourage hand-on training in agricultural production needs of rural farmers, transportation facilities should be provided to facilitate access of the Women Extension Agent (WEAs) to their clients (contact farmers), the extension methodologies should be adjusted to incorporate women needs, as well as organize training seminars and trainings for women agents.

[ Tasie, C. M.,  Tasie, E. N. and  Ajie, E. N. Women Extension Agents’ Effectiveness in Diffusion of Agricultural Innovation in Rivers State, Nigeria. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):46-54]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.04.

Key words: Extension Agent, Effectiveness, Diffusion, Agricultural Innovation

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Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Approach in Building the Culture of Excellence Social for Business Organizations

Dr Bouguesri Sarra

Management professor - Professor Lecture B –

Faculty of Economic and Commercial Sciences and Management Sciences

University of of Hassiba Benbouali Chlef – Algeria

Member in the laboratory the North African Economist-Chlef –Algeria.

e-mail: s.bouguesri@univhb-chlef.dz / sara9002007@yahoo.fr

Abstract: The Balanced Scorecard strategy methodology is one of the most important products of modern era to develop organizations which requires for each organization seeking to prove its existence, working to develop its resources and looking to get in leadership position, it must work with the concept of performance strategy using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The concept of "outstanding performance" has become a clear intellectual frame depends on the integration and interdependence. It is committed to the logic of systemic thinking that sees the enterprise as an integrated system of interacting elements and intertwined their mechanisms, then its output is the sum of all its capabilities, therefore the outstanding performance is a capability to reconcile and coordinate enterprise elements and operates them in an integration and a coherence to achieve the highest efficiency rates, and thus access to the output level that meet the desires, the expectations and the benefits of the beneficiaries. The aim of this research is to present the Balanced Scorecard as a tool to measure the strategic performance using a descriptive approach based on the data collection information that helps to analyze the problem and to have a scientific and practical results using literature reviews in the BSC. This paper describes the evolution of BSC, helps the organization to achieve its competitive advantages through strategic governance and presents the Balanced Scorecard as a tool to measure strategic performance. The paper relates the developments in Balanced Scorecard thinking with literature concerning the culture excellence social. It concludes that Balanced Scorecard model is a management philosophy which achieves the organization’s strategic objectives by evaluating its financial, operational and strategic performance within a coherent set of measurements in a balanced way that provides integrated information about the organization’s performance.

[Dr Bouguesri Sarra . Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Approach in Building the Culture of Excellence Social for Business Organizations. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):55-72]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.05.

Key words: Balanced Scorecard, performance measurement, the culture of excellence social.

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Water Quality Assessment around Ballarpur industries limited (BILT) Ballarpur, District Chandrapur, Maharashtra

Rajdeep P. Fulzele and Hari S. Patode

Research Student & Associate Professor

School of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University,

Vishnupuri, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra India.

Email: rajdeepfulzele25@gmail.com

Abstract: In many water quality studies, evaluation of groundwater is an important. But here we give the importance to both water samples for investigation purpose. As the quantity of waste water is more the usability is extra for agriculture or irrigation purpose. So, we determined its chemical and physical properties of both water samples i.e. ground water and waste water. As for as drinking and for irrigation purpose too. The sustainability of water for drinking purpose is judged on the basis of pH, EC, TDS, Hardness, Total alkalinity, Chloride, Nitrate, Sodium and Potassium, etc. The sustainability of groundwater for irrigation purpose is judged on the basis of sodium contents and electrical conductivity.

[Rajdeep P. Fulzele and Hari S. Patode. Water Quality Assessment around Ballarpur industries limited (BILT) Ballarpur, District Chandrapur, Maharashtra. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):73-77]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.06.

Keywords: Physico-Chemical, Parameters, Permissible Limit, Chemical standards, Drinking water, Chandrapur.

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癌症不是病！颠覆传统医学的惊世观点

孙纯武

中国江苏省扬州市，主要从事研究自然科学等；

单位名称: 江苏省扬州三力电器集团有限公司

邮寄地址: 中国江苏省扬州市西湖镇蜀秀花园16幢805室,邮编225008

电子信箱：yzscw0514@163.com, QQ号458669609 手机 18912144117

Abstract: 肿瘤为什么会愈来愈大?只有癌细胞因外界致癌、突变因素的作用才会变大。如果人体的代谢、内分泌、免疫力正常，癌细胞会自然消亡，反之，就会堆积，愈来愈大。因此，肿瘤是长期三到五年全身病态的积累，即患者长期不良心态、阴暗心理、无规律作息、随意生活习惯或生活环境恶化的累积，集中表现在肿瘤突变上。

[孙纯武. 癌症不是病！颠覆传统医学的惊世观点. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):78-80]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.07.

Keywords: 癌症; 病; 传统; 医学; 观点

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Assessing the Course of Annual Threats Imposed by the United States of America Upon Islamic Republic of Iran (2006 to 2011)

Mohamad Abbasi

Department of International Relation, Allame Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

Mohamadabbasi2000@gmail.com

Abstract: National Intelligence Management of America is a department established after event of September 11^th and according to the definition presented by September 11^th Select Commission, its duty is to manage national intelligence programs and to monitor organization involved in this regard. Pondering the Balance of Threat Theory, presented by Stephan M. Walt, the author attempts to provide an answer to “How was the course of threats proclaimed by National Intelligence Council of America against Islamic Republic of Iran from 2006 to 2011?” The first brainstormed answer (or it is better to be called “hypothesis”) is that the general course of annual threats proclaimed by National Intelligence Council of America from 2006 to 2011 tends to increase the perception of threats by Islamic Republic of Iran till 2009, compared to other threats existing; however it shows a decrease in 2010.

[Mohamad Abbasi. Assessing the Course of Annual Threats Imposed by the United States of America Upon Islamic Republic of Iran (2006 to 2011). Academ Arena 2017;9(9):81-86]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.08.

Key words: content-based analysis, assessment, national intelligence management, Islamic Republic of Iran, threat perception.

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Development of new loss function based on Taguchi’s method- Improved Taguchi loss function

Mohammad Abdolshah

Engineering Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, P.O. Box 35136-93688, Semnan, Iran

abdolshah@gmail.com

Abstract: Loss functions are used widely to predict the quality losses and also for various purposes such as manufacturing and environmental risks, decision-making, quality engineering, tolerances design and capability analysis. In this paper first we analyze the weak points of main quality loss functions such as Taguchi loss function, Ryan loss function, inverted normal loss function, asymmetric inverted normal loss function and revised inverted normal loss function and then we propose a new loss function which is called improved Taguchi loss function (ITLF). This new loss function is asymmetric, bounded and reasonable function and also is more realistic compared to the other functions. Finally an example was used to ITLF compare with other loss functions.

[Mohammad Abdolshah. Development of new loss function based on Taguchi’s method- Improved Taguchi loss function. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):87-92]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.09.

Keywords: Improved Taguchi loss function, Taguchi loss function, asymmetric, bounded, quality loss function

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Effect of Spray Stand-off on Microhardness and Elasticity Modulus of Thermally Sprayed Coatings

M. Jalali Azizpour, S. Norouzi

Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran

Mahdi.jalali.azizpour@gmail.com

Abstract: The application of thermally sprayed coatings on metallic parts has been widely accepted as a solution to improve their mechanical and tribological properties. These properties are strongly affected by hardness and elasticity specifications. In this study the effect of spraying distance as an important parameter on microhardness and elasticity modulus of HVOF thermal spraying coating using Knoop microindentation have been investigated. The results revealed the effect of spraying distance on microhardness and elasticity modulus of coatings. The metallurgical studies have been made on coated samples using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[M. Jalali Azizpour, S. Norouzi . Effect of Spray Stand-off on Microhardness and Elasticity Modulus of Thermally Sprayed Coatings. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):93-95]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.10.

Keywords: Thermal spray, elasticity modulus, microindentation, HVOF, WC-Co.

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Smart's seven-dimensional model of religion and six main world religions

Mahnaz Dehghanifard

Department of Humanities, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697, Tehran, IRAN

Maghjour11@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper examines Smart's seven-dimensional model of religion (experiential, Doctrinal, Ritual, Ethical, Institutional, Visual, Artistic) against six main world religions. Then examine how other belief systems fit into the same model. I shall consider other models briefly attempting an analysis of whether Smart's model is successful. Conclusions over the discussions are presented.

[Mahnaz Dehghanifard. Smart's seven-dimensional model of religion and six main world religions. Academ Arena 2017;9(9):96-97]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 11. doi:10.7537/marsaaj090917.11.

Keywords: Smart, Dimensions, Religion, comparison

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