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Science and Technology and Indigenous Farming in Ikwerre, Rivers State, Nigeria

C. Izeoma Chinda¹ and Ben O. Onu²

¹Department of Foundation Studies, School of Foundation and General Studies, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P.M.B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

²Department of Religious and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

chiizeoma@yahoo.com

Abstract: Today, science and technology pervade an indispensable component of our world, especially agriculture. This is because scientific and technological advancement in agriculture has benefited farmers in the industrialized world by driving agricultural production. However, farmers in Nigeria are yet to substantially gain from this advancement. This paper therefore, discusses the role of science and technology in the improvement of indigenous farming in Ikwerre, Rivers State, Nigeria. It explores the traditional agricultural practices and the challenges faced by indigenous Ikwerre farmers. For the purposes of this research, data were collected through qualitative method with focus groups and individual interviews. Findings revealed that there is the need for farmers to advance in the technological know-how of the modern farming equipment and it is recommended that government should deploy the benefits of Science and Technology in the improvement of indigenous farming in Nigeria by way of extension services.

[C. Izeoma Chinda and Ben O. On. Science and Technology and Indigenous Farming in Ikwerre, Rivers State, Nigeria. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):1-7]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.01.

Key Words: Science, technology, indigenous farming, improvement, technological know-how

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Development and application of a multifunctional nasopharyngeal airway

Li Jing¹, Teng Yu², Chen Ning³

^1. Department of Anesthesiology, Xinjiang Armed Police Contingents Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, China

^2. Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Armed Police Contingents Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570006, China

^3. Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Armed Police Logistics College, Tianjin 300162, China

Correspondence Author: Chen Ning, zhuishi163@163.com

Abstract: Purpose: Oxygen to research a kind of lateral，sputum suction，folding，multi-functional set of nasopharyngeal airway. Methods: Nasopharyngeal airway built-in oxygen and sputum suction tube； Pipe body set up a special discount steel wire. Result: Nasopharyngeal airway oxygen and sputum suction can simultaneously， the pipe will not be crushed, guarantee the smooth breathing. Conclusion: Multi-function nasopharyngeal airway way design scientific，reasonable，complete functions，is one of the current domestic advanced nasopharyngeal airway.

[Li Jing, Teng Yu, Chen Ning. Development and application of a multifunctional nasopharyngeal airway. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):8-11]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.02.

Keyword: Nasopharyngeal airway; develop; apply

一种多功能鼻咽通气道的研制与应用

李菁¹，藤煜²，陈宁³

^1. 武警新疆总队医院麻醉科，中国新疆乌鲁木齐 830001

^2. 武警海南总队医院麻醉科，中国海南海口 570006

^3. 天津武警后勤学院附属医院，中国天津 300162

E-mail: tengyu@sina.cn. 通讯作者：陈宁，E-mail: zhuishi163@163.com

摘要: 目的: 研究一种侧式供氧、吸痰、防折叠、多功能集一体的鼻咽通气道。方法: 鼻咽通气道内置供氧、吸痰管；管道体内设置有防打折钢丝。结果: 鼻咽通气道供氧、吸痰可同时进行，管道不会被压扁，保证了呼吸通畅。结论: 多功能鼻咽通气道设计科学，合理，功能齐全，是目前国内较先进的一种鼻咽通气道。

[李菁， 藤煜， 陈宁. 一种多功能鼻咽通气道的研制与应用. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):8-11]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.02.

关键词：鼻咽通气道；研制； 应用

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Housing Finance in Nigeria

Sokeipirim Godstime Douglas¹ and Sampson Thompson Ekpo²

¹Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P.M.B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

²Centre for Children with Development and Communication Disorders. University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

soso.phpoly@gmail.com

Abstract: Housing is a major need of man; and from generation to generation the provision of the basic needs has been a big challenge. The process, method, and products of the provision of shelter for man are housing. In many countries the effort to provide housing seemed unmanageable. In Nigeria, successive governments have made pledges to provide housing without success. The generation of funds for housing is one of the most tasks individuals face. In some societies the government effectively provides, but in Nigeria there is a lacuna. Several finance methods are available to individuals and governments. These methods provide a good market for funds provision and housing utilization. It is expected that government in Nigeria will key into the gains of housing for the wider society and for the individuals.

[Douglas, S. G. and Ekpo, S. T. Housing Finance in Nigeria. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):12-17]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.03.

Keywords: Housing, gains of housing, finance methods, governments, housing utilization

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Electrodeposition, synthesis of ZnO nanowires through AAMs

¹Dr. Satish Kumar and ²Sindhu Chauhan

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

²Research Scholar, Department of Physics, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

Email: sindhu17chauhan@gmail.com

Abstract: current vs time response for potentiostatic deposition of ZnO nanowires indicating four regions I, II, III and IV as explained earlier in the case of structure growth for CdS nanowires. It is difficult to determine the end of the synthesis, because no constant current is observed. For this reason, it is preferable to use smaller deposition currents in order to decrease the deposition rate, facilitating control over the process. The crystallanity of electrodeposited ZnO nanowires was confirmed by XRD studies which were carried out using X-ray diffractometer (PW1710) with Cu-Kα (λ = 1.54Å) radiation. The scanning was done between 20 degrees and 60 degrees for 2 theta values. The typical 2θ and d-values for different planes in ZnO nanowires. X-Ray diffraction pattern of ZnO nanowires. Strong reflections corresponding to (100), (002), (101), (102) and (110) are observed indicating that ZnO nanowires were polycrystalline in nature. From the XRD it is clear that (101) plane is more crystalline phase and structure of ZnO is wurtzite. Laser induced pulse excitation method was used to study the PL spectra of ZnO nanowires. The decay signals (5) from the ZnO nanowires were recorded by digital storage oscilloscope and analysed using computer simulations to calculate emission wavelength of the nanowires. The emission wavelength of ZnO nanowires is found to be 590 nm (2.1 eV). In photoluminescence spectra, a strong peak at 590 nm in the visible region is observed. The visible emission at 590 nm corresponds to deep level emission due to defects. This defect related emission is attributed to the single ionized oxygen vacancy in ZnO, and it results from radioactive recombination of electron related to oxygen vacancies and photogenerated holes (Vanheusden et al 1996). It is generally accepted that the defect related emission depends upon crystal quality –the better crystal quality enhances the UV-emission with reduction of the deep level emission (Umar et al 2006). In our case, the ZnO nanowires are polycrystalline in nature which shows that the appearance of visible peak at 590 nm in photoluminescence spectrum is consistent with the XRD investigations.

[Kumar, S. and Chauhan, S. Electrodeposition, synthesis of ZnO nanowires through AAMs. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):18-22]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.04.

Keywords: Electrodeposition, ZnO Nanowires, AAMs.

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Impact of social media on human psychology

¹Dr. Santosh and ²Vijay S Jangam

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, OPJS University, Churu-331303, Rajasthan (India)

²Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, OPJS University, Churu-331303, Rajasthan (India)

²CC email: dr.vijayswami172@gmail.com

Abstract: The sample for the study consisted of 150 students (50 under graduate, 50 post graduate students and 225 research scholars) of University of Mumbai (India). The age range of subjects varies from 17 to 35 years (mean =21.5). Then, a descriptive research method was used in understanding and exploring the effects of social media on social lifestyle of 150 students (50 under graduate, 50 post graduate students and 225 research scholars) of University of Mumbai (India). The data will be statically analysed with the study of Joshua Ebere Chukwuere, 2017. This study deployed both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source was collected through questionnaire while the secondary data was also built using literature study. The present study revealed that, out from 150 students i.e., 50 under graduate students, social media application like whatsApp (64% students use), facebook (16% student use), instagram (10% student use), You Tube (6% student use), twitter (2% student use) and Skype (2% student use). Similarly among out from 150 students i.e., 50 post graduate students, social media application like whatsApp (56% students use), facebook (20% student use), instagram (12% student use), You Tube (6% student use), twitter (4% student use) and Skype (2% student use). As far as, out from 150 students i.e., 50 research scholar, social media application like whatsApp (80% students use), facebook (8% student use), instagram (2% student use), You Tube (4% student use), twitter (4% student use) and Skype (2% student use). In the present study it is also revealed that The impact of social media on people and their behavior is enormous. In my opinion, this impact is predominantly positive, but it must be borne in mind that there are or may be negative aspects as well. The exchange of ideas between people of very different cultures allows a keen understanding of the people themselves, religions, cultural traditions of peoples, etc. Dialogue approaches peoples. People who have a dialogue have no reason to go to war. Unfortunately, the worst or even devastating aspects of social media are mainly on the young or on the very young people who have not yet completed a school cycle, and on people who are not yet fully culturally equipped to handle a powerful tool such as the social media. Because they do not realize the devastating impact that their actions or words may be have on people.

[Santosh and Janglam, V.S. Impact of social media on human psychology. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):23-27]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.05.

Keywords: Students, Social Media Application, Facebook, You Tube, WhatsApp, University of Mumbai

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Recognition Of LGBT Rights In India

Neeraj

Assistant Professor, Geeta Institute of Law, Panipat, Haryana (India)

Email: advocateneerajjain@gmail.com

Abstract: LGBT is initialism that stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender. This term came into use as early as in 1990s. The word Lesbian refers to a homosexual woman. The word Gay refers to a homosexual male. The word Bisexual refers to a person who is sexually attracted not exclusively to people of one particular gender. Clauses 361 and 362 (the predecessor provisions to Sec 377 of the IPC) relate to offences respecting which it is desirable that as little as possible be said, we are unwilling to insert either in the text or in the notes anything which could give rise to public discussion on this revolting subject, as we are decidedly of the opinion that the injury which could be done to the morals of the community by such discussion would more than compensate for any benefits which might be derived from legislative measures framed with greatest precision.

[Neeraj. Recognition Of LGBT Rights In India. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):28-37]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.06.

Keywords: LGBT Right, Constitution, India

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Vagal nerve and gene meridian radiation quantum stealth transmission

Tang Fenglu

Recommended: Wang Dekui, y-tx@163.com

Abstract: Fiber optics, lasers, and communication machines are the three basic elements of fiber-optic communication----fiber communication is one of the most significant four inventions since World War II. Without fiber-optic communication, there would be no Internet and communication networks today. There are several important node events in fiber-optic communications: In 1966, Shanghai-born British/American Chinese sorghum first proposed glass filaments for communication. In 1970, the United States spent 30 million US dollars to produce three 30-meter-long fiber samples, which is the first time in the world to produce fiber that has practical value for fiber-optic communication.

[Tang Fenglu. Vagal nerve and gene meridian radiation quantum stealth transmission. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):38-51]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.07.

Key words: vagus nerve; gene meridian; radiation quantum; teleportation

迷走神经与基因经络辐射量子隐形传输

唐风禄

Recommended: 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), y-tx@163.com

摘要：光纤、激光器、通信机，是光纤通信的三个基本要素----光纤通信是二战以来最有意义的四大发明之一。如果没有光纤通信，就不会有今天的互联网和通信网络。在光纤通信上有几个重要的节点事件：1966年，上海出生的英/美籍华人高锟首次提出玻璃丝可用于通信。1970年，美国花费3000万美元制造出了3条30米长的光纤样品，这是世界上第一次制造出对光纤通信有实用价值的光纤。

[唐风禄. 迷走神经与基因经络辐射量子隐形传输. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):38-51]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.07.

关键词：迷走神经; 基因经络; 辐射量子; 隐形传输

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Peripheral brain and rising super intelligence----One of Sichuan's broad and narrow scientific research - 3

Ye Xinxin

Recommended: Wang Dekui, y-tx@163.com

Abstract: The book "Rise of Super Intelligence" was prefaced by experts such as Lu Naiji, Shi Yong and Lu Benfu. Experts such as Zhang Yaqin, Liu Cixin, Zhou Hongyi, Wang Feiyue and John Hanz wrote the recommendation language, which also made the author pay special attention. In particular, Professor Wang Feiyue, etc., linked and defined C2M and 5G with the parallel intelligent command and control of the new era, and strengthened the strength of the scientific research on the relationship between "super intelligence" and "peripheral brain"----5G communication network sharing Capability, means and multidimensional, similar to "width"; C2 application scenario attribute flow, specifying bits and boundaries, similar to "narrowness. For example, land, sea, air, sky, electricity, network multidimensional, multi-domain system (someone / no People) Linking to 5G broadband, low-latency real-time connectivity capabilities, making a series of new technologies and services become a new paradigm of “three-turn wide and narrow loops” that can move toward command, control and management (C2M).

[Ye Xinxin. Peripheral brain and rising super intelligence----One of Sichuan's broad and narrow scientific research.3. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):52-58]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.08.

Key words: super-intelligence; C2M; 5G; new era; parallel intelligence; control connection; three-rotation wide and narrow ring; new paradigm

外围脑与崛起的超级智能----四川宽窄科学研究之一

叶眺新

Recommended: 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), y-tx@163.com

摘要：《崛起的超级智能》一书由吕乃基、石勇、吕本富等专家作序，有张亚勤、刘慈欣、周鸿祎、王飞跃、约翰·翰兹等专家撰写推荐语，也使笔者格外注意。特别是王飞跃教授等，把C2M 和 5G与新时代的平行智能指挥与控制联系、定义，更强化了“超级智能”与“外围脑”联系宽窄科学研究的力度----5G通信联网共享能力，指手段与多维，类似“宽度”；C2 应用场景属性流程，指定位与边界，类似“窄度。例如，陆、海、空、天、电、网多维、多域系统(有人/无人)链接到5G 宽带、低延时的实时联通能力，使得一系列新技术和服务，成为可能走向指挥、控制与管理( C2M)的“三旋宽窄环”新范式。

[叶眺新. 外围脑与崛起的超级智能----四川宽窄科学研究之一. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):52-58]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.08.

关键词： 超级智能; C2M; 5G; 新时代;平行智能; 控制联系; 三旋宽窄环; 新范式

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Urban Bias in Resource Allocation: Implications for City Development

Iyowuna F. Tubobereni¹ and Opiriba K. Ikiriko²

^{1 & 2}Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Environmental Science, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P.M.B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

iyofeshu@yahoo.com; opiribai@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study analyses the annual budgetary allocations of Rivers State government from 2001 to 2016 with a view to extracting the proportion (percentage) of the budgets allocated to Regional Development (city development activities outside Port Harcourt City, which has remained the only city in Rivers State since its creation in 1967). It views budgetary allocation as the major tool for the allocation of resources, and this has direct implications on spatial development. The study adopted Francois Perroux’s Growth Pole theory and that of John Rawls’ Theory of “Justice as Fairness” as its theoretical framework. Questionnaires were administered to ascertain factors that generate growth of urban centres. Secondary data comprised a review of the annual budgets of Rivers State from 2001 to 2016. The test model (Spearman rank correlation coefficient) supports the null hypothesis that there is no correlation between the Rivers State Government’s annual budgetary expenditure and regional development: Government has not evolved a plan for conscious development of other cities in the State. The study further reveals that allocation of resources and projects is not based on equity, fairness and justice but on political consideration. It concludes that growth pole for the purpose of this study be construed as a localization of growth inducing forces, based on local peculiarities and specialization, and that development of growth centres or cities takes time, commitment and patience., It recommends that medium term plans, not annual budgets be evolved for regional development programmes. Site and Services scheme should be provided by the Rivers State Government to create the enabling environment for private developers and investors and also encourage public-private- partnership (PPP) as a component of policy to develop garden (new) cities outside Port Harcourt, incorporating scenic green belts, and open spaces, as well as enforcement of Town Planning Standards and development control mechanisms, while using stick (disincentives) and Carrot approaches (incentives such as placing tax free years) to encourage outward movement from Port Harcourt.

[Tubobereni, I. F. and Ikiriko, O. K. Urban Bias in Resource Allocation: Implications for City Development. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):59-70]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.09.

Keywords: Urban bias; Regional Development; Spatial Polarization; Justice

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Impact of Social Media on Human Psychology

¹Dr. Santosh and ²Vijay S Jangam

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, OPJS University, Churoo-331303, Rajasthan (India)

²Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, OPJS University, Churoo-331303, Rajasthan (India)

²CC email-dr.vijayswami172@gmail.com

Abstract: The sample for the study consisted of 150 students (50 under graduate, 50 post graduate students and 225 research scholars) of University of Mumbai (India). The age range of subjects varies from 17 to 35 years (mean =21.5). Then, a descriptive research method was used in understanding and exploring the effects of social media on social lifestyle of 150 students (50 under graduate, 50 post graduate students and 225 research scholars) of University of Mumbai (India). The data will be statically analysed with the study of Joshua Ebere Chukwuere, 2017. This study deployed both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source was collected through questionnaire while the secondary data was also built using literature study. The present study revealed that, out from 150 students i.e., 50 under graduate students, social media application like whatsApp (64% students use), facebook (16% student use), instagram (10% student use), You Tube (6% student use), twitter (2% student use) and Skype (2% student use). Similarly among out from 150 students i.e., 50 post graduate students, social media application like whatsApp (56% students use), facebook (20% student use), instagram (12% student use), You Tube (6% student use), twitter (4% student use) and Skype (2% student use). As far as, out from 150 students i.e., 50 research scholar, social media application like whatsApp (80% students use), facebook (8% student use), instagram (2% student use), You Tube (4% student use), twitter (4% student use) and Skype (2% student use). In the present study it is also revealed that The impact of social media on people and their behavior is enormous. In my opinion, this impact is predominantly positive, but it must be borne in mind that there are or may be negative aspects as well. The exchange of ideas between people of very different cultures allows a keen understanding of the people themselves, religions, cultural traditions of peoples, etc. Dialogue approaches peoples. People who have a dialogue have no reason to go to war. Unfortunately, the worst or even devastating aspects of social media are mainly on the young or on the very young people who have not yet completed a school cycle, and on people who are not yet fully culturally equipped to handle a powerful tool such as the social media. Because they do not realize the devastating impact that their actions or words may be have on people.

[Santosh and Vijay S Jangam. Impact of Social Media on Human Psychology. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):71-75]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.10.

Keywords: Students, Social Media Application, Facebook, You Tube, WhatsApp, University of Mumbai

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The Relationship between Educational Achievement and Communication Dimension of Social Capital

Dr. Hassan Rahgozar¹, Ali mohamadi², Fazlallah Afshangian³, Salva Shamsedini Iorry⁴

¹Department of Education, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

²Department of counseling, Research & Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

³Department of English, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

⁴Department of counseling, Research & Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract: The aim of this research was to understand the relationship between educational achievement and social capital (communication dimension of social capital) from the viewpoint of teachers of Iran, Shiraz. Two standard questionnaires for educational achievement and social capital were used. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by researcher made questionnaire which was designed based on Likert measurement system. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha, which were both at significant level. The results from educational achievement and social capital show that Cronbach's Alpha of educational achievement and social capital was 0.79 and 0.85 respectively. Research participants were selected by random sampling. By using Pearson's correlation method results show that the communication dimensions of social capital are: confidence, group norm, commitment & expectations, identity. There is a significant relationship between confidence, group norm, commitment & expectations, identity with the educational achievement.

[Hassan Rahgozar, Ali mohamadi, Fazlallah Afshangian, Salva Shamsedini Iorry. The Relationship between Educational Achievement and Communication Dimension of Social Capital. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):76-81]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 11. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.11.

Key Words: Educational Achievement, Social Capital, Communication Dimension of Social Capital

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An Investigation of Energy Usage Intensity Changes in Iran

Feisal Mirkazehi Rigi

Ph.D. in Economics from University of Pune

mirkazehirigifeisal@yahoo.com

Abstract: Iran as a most famous energy exporting country had a increasing in energy intensity from the 1979 revolution until 2009, but since then the rate of increasing slowed and energy intensity actually decreased in 2007. Most of this energy intensity decline can be accounted for by falling coal and gas consumption in the industrial sector. In other word and to the best of our knowledge, no decomposition study has investigated the role of inter-fuel substitution in the decline in energy intensity or causes of the rise in energy intensity since 2007. In this paper, logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) techniques are established for decompose changes in energy intensity in the period 1980-2009. The results showed that technological change is confirmed as the dominant contributor to improve in energy intensity and structural change at the industry level actually increased energy intensity over this period. Also this changes for industry sector is more and for agriculture is so smoothed.

[Feisal Mirkazehi Rigi. An Investigation of Energy Usage Intensity Changes in Iran. Academ Arena 2019;11(8):82-88]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 12. doi:10.7537/marsaaj110819.12.

Keywords: Energy Intensity, Logarithmic Mean Divisia index (LDMI), Technological Change, Structural Change.

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