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Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Zizyphus spina-christi fruits on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Heba Ez. Youssif, Mohamed Z. Mahran and Abeer A. Khedr

 ^a Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Menufyia University, Egypt.

 Abstract: In the present study the Zizyphus spina-christi fruits (ZSCF) (Nabk) as an antioxidant to protect against CCl₄-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar rats was investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4, administered twice a week, produced a marked elevation in the serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Daily dietary containing powder of (ZSCF) at 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of basal diet for 6 weeks produced a reduction in the serum levels of liver enzymes. Treatment with (ZSCF) normalized various biochemical parameters of oxidative stress. Furthermore, (ZSCF) has also restored normal levels of malondialdehyde and retained control activities of endogenous antioxidants such as SOD, and GSH. Therefore, the results of this study show that (ZSCF) can be protect the liver against CCl₄-induce oxidative damage in rats, and the hepatoprotective effect can be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects.

[Heba Ez. Youssif, Mohamed Z. Mahran and Abeer A. Khedr. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Zizyphus spina-christi fruits on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):1-7]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.01

Keywords: Zizyphus spina-christi; CCL4, hepatotoxicty, rat, antioxidants-SOD, GSH and MAD

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Nature and Science 2011;9(2):8-14]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net. 2

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Incorporation Jatropha Curcas Meal on Lambs Ration and It’s Effect on Lambs Performance

Abo El-Fadel M.H., Hussein, A.M. and Mohamed, A.H.

 Animal Production Research Instiute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effect of heat (HJM), or biologically with lactobacillus bacteria (BJM), treatments of Jatropha curcas meal with on concentrate ion of anti-nutritive compounds. In order to replacement of costly imported soybean meal and find out their effects on rumen fermentation characteristics degradability and consequently lambs performance. Seven concentrates feed mixtures (CFM), contained soybean meal was replaced with untreated Jatropha meal (UJM) by 0%, JMU (CFM⁰), 25% JMU (CFM¹), 50% JMU (CFM²), or heated Jatropha meal (JMH) by 25% (CFM⁴) and 50% JMH (CFM⁵) or biological Jatropha meal (JMB) by 25% (CFM¹⁰) and 50% JMI (CFM¹¹), were formulated to study their degradation kinetics in the rumen, concentration of anti-nutritive compounds and performance of lambs fed tested rations. Biological treated (BJM) was more effective in decreasing anti-nutritive compounds than heat treatment. These were reflecting on the degradation kinetics, where DM and OM and their effective degradability (ED) were higher in (BJM) than (HJM). No significant differences were detected for daily gain of lambs fed rations contained Basel or that contained 50% BJM. Economic cash return was more profit for BJM ration than the Basel ration. Under the conditions of the present experiment, could be concluded that the bacterial treated JCMB could be replaced up to 50% JMB with Soybean meal at CFM.

[Abo El-Fadel .M.H., Hussein, A.M. and Mohamed, A.H. Incorporation Jatropha Curcas Meal on Lambs Ration and It’s Effect on Lambs Performance. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):15-18]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.03

Keywords: Jatrofa curcas meal, biological treated heated treated, degradability and daily gain

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Possibility of Symbiosis between Some Gram-negative Bacteria and Legionella pneumophila

¹H. T. El Zanfaly, ²H. Rüden and ²K. Weist

 ¹Water Pollution Control Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

 ²Institute of Hygiene, Freie University, 12203 Berlin, Germany

zanfalywater@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the biotic factors that affect Legionella survival and multiplication is the presence of other organisms. Most documents mentioned to the intracellular proliferation of Legionella in amoebae and ciliates. It is important to define the relationship that may exist between Legionella and other bacteria and the possibility of growth extracellulary in unsterile tap water. The basic experiments involved a comparison for the changes in numbers of Legionella pneumophila that was inoculated alone in sterile dechlorinated tap water with that resulted from culturing the same strain in the presence of by-products of culturing four different gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15142; Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153; Escherichia coli ATCC 14229 and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606) separately in sterile tap water. The results revealed somewhat variable stimulation effect for bacteria by-products on Legionella pneumophila. The qualitative as well as quantitative variations in the bacterial by-products as a function of variations in strain used and the period allowed to produce the by-products are the variables that affect the results. The first day by-products supporting ability can be arranged in the following descending order: Prot. mirabilis – Ps. aeruginosa – A. baumannii. E. coli by-product has no supporting activity. From the second day till 25^th day the descending order appeared as: Ps. aeruginosa – E. coli – A. baumannii – Prot. mirabilis.

[H. T. El Zanfaly, H. Rüden and K. Weist, Possibility of Symbiosis between Some Gram-negative Bacteria and Legionella pneumophila. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):19-28]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.04

Key words: Legionella pneumophila. Gram-negative bacteria. Symbiosis. Bacterial byproducts

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Antifungal Effects of Colloidally Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: Screening by Microplate Assay

 Kamel. A. M. Eid,¹ Heba. F. Salem,² Amina A. F. Zikry,¹ Ali .F. M. El-Sayed,³ Mohammed A. Sharaf^1,4

 ¹Department of Chemistry, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan 11795, EGYPT

 ²Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Souef University, Beni Souef, EGYPT

 ³Applied Research Sector, Egy-Vac/ VACSERA, Giza, 22311, EGYPT

 ⁴Currently: Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Helwan 11835, EGYPT sharafma@aucegypt.edu

 Abstract: Collidally stabilized gold nanoparticles NPs having sizes in the range of 3-20 nm have been prepared by citrate chemical reduction methods. The gold nanoparticles were characterized employing transmission electron microscopy TEM. The in vitro release kinetics and associated antifungal effects were investigated for Pencillium. Micro plate reader analyses were utilized for monitoring the antifungal effects. The results provided strong evidence that could warrant the consideration of gold nanoparticles as antifungal material. Such treatment could circumvent the side and passive immune effects of other antifungal material. Also, the nanoparticles thus prepared have the potential and ability of targeting specific sites.

[Kamel. A. M. Eid, Heba. F. Salem, Amina A. F. Zikry, Ali .F. M. El-Sayed, Mohammed A. Sharaf. Antifungal Effects of Colloidally Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: Screening by Microplate Assay. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):29-33]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.05

Key words: gold nanoparticles; colloidally stabilized; antifungal; microplate assay; release kinetics

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The New Cosmic Theory: The Universal Compartments and The Universal Vital factor

 Dr. M.F.A. Alrazak

theintelligenthybrid@yahoo.co.uk 

Abstract: The ever expanding universe with limitless frontiers and with the accretions of the cosmic stars, plants and the natural cosmic matters all swims in the matrix of the universe with ‘vital force’ holding and controlling every thing in the universe. The many theories of the universe have fallen short of convincing the scientific communities, of the nature of the invisible cosmic web and vital factor that’s keeping every thing in the universe in an organized unpredictable equilibrium. The first ever principle of a quantitative equation to calculate the ‘vital factor’ in any vital biological and vital non biological matters in the universe, is explained in this theory. The Universe is composed of limitless, ever increasing and expanding units or blocks that make up the universe called Universal compartments which compose of invisible and imaginary irregular boundaries that hold on to each other by the Vital force. These forces also control any natural matter in the Universe. An example equation to more easily illustrate this point, can be seen in this quantitative equation: Fvf = EUr, where Fvf is the vital Force, E is the differential energy and Ur is the rate of natural accretion, the rate of intussusceptions, the rate of growth or the rate of changes that occurs in any full form of natural matters in the Universe whether vital biological or vital non biological.

[M.F.A. Alrazak. The New Cosmic Theory: The Universal Compartments and The Universal Vital factor. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):34-36]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.06

 Key Words: Matters, biological, stars, universe, accretion, changes, radius, gravity, universe, genes, cosmos, earth, galaxy, extraterrestrial, evolution, theory, vital force, planets. black Hole, singularity, Planck Era, theory of relativity

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Evaluation of aerial pollutant gases concentrations in poultry pen environments during early dry season in the humid tropical zone of Nigeria

 Chidi Nwagwu¹, Promise N. Ede¹, Ifeanyi C. Okoli², Okwunna K. Chukwuka² and Grace C. Okoli³

 ¹Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, PMB 5080 Port Harcourt, Nigeria

²Tropical Animal Health and Production Research Lab, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria,

³Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria

E-mail: dr_charleso@yahoo

Abstract: A study was conducted at Port Harcourt, in the humid tropical rainforest zone of Nigeria, to determine the concentrations of pollutant gasses in livestock buildings in order to establish baselines for exposure limits in the context of animal and human welfare in tropical environments. The concentrations of aerial ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide in selected intensively managed poultry pens in Port Harcourt area of Rivers State, Nigeria were measured during the month of November, 2007. Studies reveal that overall mean aerial concentrations of carbon monoxide CO (19.1±1.35 ppm) was the highest mean value recorded and was followed by the 1.06 ± 0.16 ppm and 0.89±0.14 ppm recorded for flammable gas (methane) and ammonia respectively, while the 0.12±0.07 ppm recorded for nitrous oxide was lowest. The study showed that these figures are lower than limits recommended for animals in Europe.

[Chidi Nwagwu, Promise N. Ede, Ifeanyi C. Okoli, Okwunna K. Chukwuka and Grace C. Okoli. Evaluation of aerial pollutant gases concentrations in poultry pen environments during early dry season in the humid tropical zone of Nigeria. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):37-42]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.07

 Keywords: Pollutant gases, poultry pen, aerial environment, humid tropics, Nigeria

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 High Altitude Nainital Zoo- A Unique Characteristic of Ecotourism - A Concept Paper

¹Narayan Singh, ¹Maya Nainwal, ²Arvind Kumar Bhandari, ³M. K. Bharti & ¹L. S. Lodhiyal

¹Department of Forestry, Kumaon University, Nainital, India

² G. B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

³ GBPUA & T. Pantnagar, India

E –mail:naturewithnary@gmail.com; Tel: 09411199162

Abstract: The Nainital High Altitude Zoo one and only Zoo in the newly born state of Uttarakhand is situated at an elevation of 2100 m above mean on the hill of Sher- Ka- Danda. Zoo ecotourism is regarded as being more than tourism to natural areas and should be viewed as a means of combining the goals of resource conservation and local development through tourism in a synergistic fashion.

[Narayan Singh, Maya Nainwal, Arvind Kumar Bhandari, M. K. Bharti & L. S. Lodhiyal. High Altitude Nainital Zoo- A Unique Characteristic of Ecotourism. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):43-46]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.08

Key Words: Zoo Ecotourism, High Altitude Zoo, Flora & Fauna, Conservation

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 Effects of Aqueous Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) Extract and Fish Oil on Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats

Walaa.Hozayen, Mouhamed. Bastawy, Haidy.Elshafeey^*

 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

haidyalshafeey@yahoo.com^*

Abstract: Nephrotoxicity is of critical concern when selecting new drug candidates during the early stage of drug development. Because of its unique metabolism, the kidney is an important target of the toxicity of drugs, xenobiotics, and oxidative stress. Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic induced nephrotoxicity as it induces conspicuous and characteristic changes in lysosomes of proximal tubular cells consistent with the accumulation of polar lipids (myeloid bodies). These changes are preceded and accompanied by signs of tubular dysfunctions or alterations (release of brush border and lysosomal enzymes; decreased reabsorption of filtered proteins. The effect of gentamicin (80 mg/kg Bw/day) without or with oral administration of aqueous purslane (Portulaca oleracea) extract (400mg/kg BW/day) and fish oil (5mg/kg BW/day) co-treatments for 15 days was evaluated in adult male rats (80-120g). Plasma urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were assayed. Lipid peroxidation (indexed by MDA) and antioxidants enzymes like GSH, SOD and CAT were assessed. There was a decrease in plasma levels concentration of urea, uric acid and creatinine, In addition to decreasing in activities of GSH, SOD and CAT as well as an increasing in MDA concentration in the kidney as a result of gentamicin injection. Co-administration of aqueous purslane extract and fish oil was found to improve the adverse changes in the kidney functions with an increase in antioxidants activities and reduction of peroxidation.We propose that dietary fish oil or purslane extract supplementation may provide a cushion for a prolonged therapeutic option against GM nephropathy without harmful side effects.

[Walaa.Hozayen, Mouhamed. Bastawy, Haidy.Elshafeey. Effects of Aqueous Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) Extract and Fish Oil on Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):47-62]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.09

Key words: purslane,fish oil,nephrotoxicity and antioxidants

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 Closteridia as an Etiological Agent of Mucoid Enteropathy in Rabbits.

Lebdah, M.A. and Shahin, A.M.

Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department; Faculty of Vet. Med.; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

^{*Abeer.shahin@gmx.de}

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the anaerobic bacteria as a causative agent of Mucoid enteropathy in Rabbits. Thirty - three isolates of Clostridia perfringens (C. perfringens) were isolated mainly from caecum of 225 specimens of forty- five diseased and freshly dead rabbits. Genotyping of C. perfringens type A using Multiplex PCR revealed that alpha toxin genes are detected in 8 isolates. The pathogenicity of isolated clostridia in rabbits was carried out. The clinical signs, morbidities, mortalities and body weight gain were recorded for experimentally infected rabbits. Reisolation of C. perfringens type A from freshly dead and/or sacrificed experimentally infected rabbits has been done. Histopathological study of intestine of affected rabbits was carried out.

[Lebdah, M.A. and Shahin, A.M. Closteridia as an Etiological Agent of Mucoid Enteropathy in Rabbits. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):63-72]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.10

Keywords: Mucoid enteropathy, rabbits, Closridia perfringens

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 Response Of Sunflower To Environmental Disparity

Shuaib Kaleem¹, Fayyaz- ul- Hassan²*, Imran Mahmood², Muhammad Ahmad¹, Rehmat Ullah³ and Mukhtar Ahmad²

 ¹Agriculture Adaptive Research Complex, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan

²Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

³Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Rajanpur, Pakistan

E-mail: *Corresponding Author: durraiz70@yahoo.com

Abstract: Sunflower crop has an evolutionary benefit of being able to maintain high level of viability in a variety of environments. Field experiments, one each in spring and autumn were executed at Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan for two years (2007& 08) to document the effect of growing degree days on performance of sunflower hybrids. Four Sunflower hybrids, Alisson-RM, Parasio-24, MG-2 and S-278 were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications during spring and autumn. The data on yield and yield attributes of sunflower like number of achenes per head, hundred achenes weight, biological and achene yield along with achene oil content was recorded. All parameters were influenced by prevailing temperature. Amongst hybrids, MG-2 produced the maximum values for all parameters during both the seasons (spring & autumn). Overall, spring planted crop exhibited significantly higher values for achenes per head, biological yield, achene yield and oil content in comparison with autumn planting, which may be attributed to accumulation of more growing degree days during the season.

Shuaib Kaleem, Fayyaz- ul- Hassan, Imran Mahmood, Muhammad Ahmad, Rehmat Ullah and Mukhtar Ahmad. Response Of Sunflower To Environmental Disparity. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):73-81]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.11

Key Words: Varying environments, Growing degree days, Yield and yield components, Spring, Autumn, Sunflower

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 Removal of Ag⁺, Co⁺⁺ and Cs⁺ From Wastewater Using Porous Resin Blend (Epoxy/PVA) 

¹M.M. El-Toony, ²M. Abdel-Geleel, ³R.O. Aly and ³H.F. Ali

 ¹Polymers Dept., National Center for Rad.Res. &Tech., Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt

² Fuel Cycle Dept., National Center for Nuclear Safety , Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt

³ Hot Labs., Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt, Post No. 13 759

mageleel2000@gmail.com

Abstract: In this study, removal of silver, cobalt and cesium from aqueous solutions under different experimental conditions using a prepared porous resin blend (Epoxy/Polyvinyl alcohol) was investigated. Blending of Epoxy with PVA and thereafter foaming in a viscous state were carried out to attain the optimum hydrophilicity. Gamma rays were used in the preparation process to control the granular size and the compatibility of the blend. Characterization of the blend after milling was reported using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) and scan electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption of Ag(I), Co(II) and Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution by the prepared porous resin blend was examined by batch equilibration technique. The effects of initial ion concentration, temperature, pH and shaking time on the adsorption of metal ions were investigated. The adsorption amount of ions increased with the increase of shaking time, temperature, metal ion concentration and pH of the media. The results showed that metal ion adsorption followed the order Ag⁺>Co⁺⁺>Cs⁺. The amount of metal ion adsorbed at equilibrium for Ag⁺, Co⁺⁺ and Cs⁺ at pH 5 was 9.8, 9.4 and 9.1 mg/g. It was found that the adsorption isotherm of the ions fitted Langmuir isotherms.

[M.M. El-Toony, M. Abdel-Geleel, R.O. Aly and H.F. Ali. Removal of Ag⁺, Co⁺⁺ and Cs⁺ From Wastewater Using Porous Resin Blend (Epoxy/PVA). Nature and Science 2011;9(2):82-89]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.12

 Key Wards; Blend, γ- irradiation, metal ion, porous resin, adsorption, contaminated water

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 Immunostimulant Effect of Different Fractions of Nigella sativa L. Seeds against Rabies Vaccine

Abeer A.H. Boseila¹ and Afaf A.H. Messalam²

 ¹Department of Virology, ²Department of Phytochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12553, Egypt.

abeerboseila1971@yahoo.com.

ABSTRACT: Interest in new methods of potentiating the immune response against vaccine antigens has increased considerably over the past decade for improving existing vaccines. The present study was designed to evaluate the immunostimulant effect of oils, n-hexane and methanol fractions of Nigella sativa L. seeds in combination with vitamin E and selenium as new adjuvant compared with aluminum hydroxide (alum) as established adjuvant against rabies vaccine in male Swiss albino mice. Inoculation was done intraperitoneally in the form of two doses, two weeks apart. Five samples of sera were collected for every two weeks beginning from two weeks after the last vaccination till the 12^th week and the antibody were detected using indirect ELISA technique. Our results revealed that both methanol and volatile oil fractions of Nigella sativa L. seeds can improve the immune response against rabies vaccine save and suggested that they could be used as an alternative adjuvant to alum in rabies vaccine.

[Abeer A.H. Boseila and Afaf A.H. Messalam. Immunostimulant Effect of Different Fractions of Nigella sativa L. Seeds against Rabies Vaccine. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):90-96]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.13

Key words: rabies vaccine; adjuvant; immunostimulant effect; Nigella sativa L. seeds; vitamin E and selenium

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Improving Growth and Productivity of Fennel Plant Exposed to Pendimethalin Herbicide: Stress–Recovery Treatments

Esmat A. Hassan and M. E. El-Awadi

Botany Department, National Research Centre Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract: The present study aimed to improve the growth and productivity of fennel plant under the physiological stress of the herbicide pendimethalin. Referring to previous research results, a three hour-pre-sowing seed treatment in methionine, tryptophan and in the pyrimidine derivative substance (SG93) each at 100 and 500mg/l was applied. Whereas, the herbicide pendiemthalin (8.5ml/L) was supplied as pre-sowing soil corporation. The results indicated that the herbicide caused significant reduction in growth parameters of the fennel plant estimated as shoot length (cm) and fresh and dry weight per plant at the age of 84 and 119 days. The stress of the pendiemthalin herbicide was reflected in the significant decreases in the photosynthetic pigment contents of fennel leaves at both stages and in the content of total protein. Significant increases in total phenolic and free amino acids were recorded as well. The herbicide exposure, however, had led to a decline in plant productivity in the measured yield components. But oil percentage or quality were not influenced. Noticeable counteraction effects on growth and productive capacity of fennel were achieved by the pre-sowing - seed soaking treatment in the amino acids methionine and tryptophan each at 100mg/l and in the pyrimidine derivative SG93 at 500mg/l. Interestingly better performance was obtained in case of the dual treatments, i.e. with the seed treatment under the exposure to the herbicide as pre-emergence soil application. The present experiments were carried out during two successive winter seasons (2008 and 2009) in the green house of the Botany Department, National Research Centre of Egypt.

[Esmat A. Hassan and M. E. El-Awadi. Improving Growth and Productivity of Fennel Plant Exposed to Pendimethalin Herbicide: Stress–Recovery Treatments. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):97-108]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.14

 Key words: Fennel, growth, pendimethalin, photosynthesis, productivity, stress-recovery

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Influence of Magnesium and Copper Foliar Application on Wheat Yield and Quality of Grains under Sandy Soil Conditions

El-Saady A. M¹.; F.E.Abdalla¹; A.E. EL-Metwally²; S.A.Safina² and Sara, S. El-Sawyi¹.

¹.Fertilization Technology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Dokii – Cairo - Egypt

^2. Agronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University

ABSTRACT: Two field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 at Ismailia Experimental Station, Agriculture Research Center, Ismailia Governorate, to study the influence of foliar feeding with magnesium , copper either as single nutrient or in combination on yield ;yield components and grains quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Sakha 94. Nine treatments were applied: two levels of Mg, two levels of Cu and four combined treatments (Mg + Cu), in addition to control treatment. Results showed that positive significant effect on plant height (cm), tillers number/m², spike number/m², spike length (cm), spike weight (g), grains number/spike, grains weight /spike (g), 1000-grain weight (g), grains yield/fed. and straw yield/fed. were achieved by spraying the of copper and magnesium treatments. However, the highest significant increment in grain yield was obtained by spraying the highest Cu level (1.68 kg Cu/fed.), while spraying the lowest Cu level (0.84 kg Cu/fed.) gave the highest straw yield. On the other hand, combination treatment (6.72 kg Mg + 1.68 kg Cu/fed.) showed the highest values for protein, N, Mg, Cu and Zn contents. However, spraying wheat plants with low Cu level (0.84 kg Cu/fed.) gave the highest value of grain carbohydrate percentage.

[El-Saady A. M.; F.E.Abdalla; A.E. EL-Metwally; S.A.Safina and Sara, S. El-Sawyi. Influence of Magnesium and Copper Foliar Application on Wheat Yield and Quality of Grains under Sandy Soil Conditions. Nature and Science 2011;9(2):109-115]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj090211.15

Keywords: Wheat, Magnesium, Copper, Foliar application, Yield, Quality and Sandy soil

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