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The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimation

Hossam El Din Hussien, Adel Ali Elboghdady, and Dyaa' Yassen Ahmed

Department of Obstetrics and Gyencology – Faculty of Medicnie – Al-Azhar University

dovermoon@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim: To detect the possible effect of maternal obesity on the accuracy of sonographically estimated fetal weight in the third-trimester shortly before labor and to compare the accuracy of the estimation between normal weight, overweight, and class I, class II and class III obese groups. Methods: This was a prospective study of singleton pregnancies with sonographic fetal weight estimation prior to scheduled delivery. Women were classified according to current body mass index (BMI) into five categories: normal (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, n = 41), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, n = 44), obese class I (BMI 30.0–34.9kg/m2, n = 40), obese class II (BMI, 35.0–39.9 kg/m2, n = 38) and obese class III (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2, n = 35). The estimated fetal weight was compared with the actual birth weight, and the difference between them was recorded as the error. Results: shows statistically significant difference between US EFW by (gm) and birth weight by (gm) versus body mass index in obesity class II and III. Conclusions: Maternal obesity decreases the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation. Clinicians should be aware of the limitations of sonographic fetal weight estimation, especially in obese patients.

[Hossam El Din Hussien, Adel Ali Elboghdady, and Dyaa' Yassen Ahmed. The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimation. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):1-7]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.01.

Keywords: body mass index, fetal weight, obesity, ultrasonography.

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Platelets changes in pregnancy as a prognostic factor in preeclampsia and intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Prof. Dr. Khaled Zakaria El Sheikha¹, Prof. Dr. Abdel Monsef Abdel Hameed Seddek¹, Dr. Abdel Raouf Abdel Raouf Abo Nar² and Mohamed El Demerdash El Hawary¹

¹Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Mhawary101@gmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in platelets indices and their significance in assessment of severity of preeclampsia and their correlation with pregnancy outcome, the estimation of platelet indices method can be considered as an early, economical, rapid and useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Thus platelet indices can have a significant impact on maternal and perinatal outcome. With sever preeclampsia there are decreased platelet count and increased MPV, PDW and PLcr. A significant decrease in platelet number was observed as the mean blood pressure increased. The increase in MPV in preeclampsia and eclampsia probably indicate hyperdestruction of platelets due to shorter half-life. Increased PDW reflects increased platelet turnover which would support the idea that platelet survival time is decreased resulting in increased destruction of platelets. Increased PLcr suggests increased bone marrow activity.

[Khaled Zakaria El Sheikha, Abdel Monsef Abdel Hameed Seddek, Abdel Raouf Abdel Raouf Abo Nar and Mohamed El Demerdash El Hawary. Platelets changes in pregnancy as a prognostic factor in preeclampsia and intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Nat Sci 2017;15(9):8-11]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.02.

Key words: Preeclampsia, platelet indices, platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, platelet large cell ratio and intra uterine growth restriction.

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Effect of intravenous ondansetron on reduction of spinal induced hypotension in parturients undergoing caesarean section

Gamal lotfy Abd El-Rahman, Magdy Abd El-Rahman Mahmoud, Wael Mohamed Al-Mahdi and Ahmed Ramadan Abbas

Department of Anesthesiology and intensive care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

hmada_66666@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Subarachnoid block is the preferred method of anesthesia for caesarean section, but is associated with hypotension and bradycardia, which may be deleterious to both parturient and baby. Animal studies suggest that in the presence of decreased blood volume, 5-HT may be an important factor inducing the Bezold Jarisch reflex via 5-HT3 receptors located in intracardiac vagal nerve endings. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ondansetron, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on the haemodynamic response following subarachnoid block in parturients undergoing elective caesarean section. Methods: Fifty parturients of ASA I and II with singleton pregnancy scheduled for elective lower segment caesarean section were randomly allocated into two groups. After prehydration with crystalloid solution (10-20ml/kg), and before induction of spinal anesthesia Group O (n = 25) received intravenous ondansetron 4 mg; Group S (n = 25) received normal saline. Blood pressure, heart rate and vasopressor requirements were assessed. Hypotension was defined as a decrease in systolic arterial pressure of more than 20% from the baseline or a decrease of systolic arterial pressure to less than 90-100mm/Hg as absolute value, which was treated by boluses of ephedrine in doses of 5mg. Results: Decreases in systolic and mean arterial pressure were significantly lower in Group O than Group S from 3 min until 30 min. Patients in Group O required significantly less vasopressor (P <0.001) and had significantly lower incidences of nausea and vomiting (P = 0.049). Conclusion: Ondansetron 8 mg, given intravenously 5 min before subarachnoid block reduced hypotension and vasopressor use in parturients undergoing elective caesarean section.

[Gamal lotfy Abd El-Rahman, Magdy Abd El-Rahman Mahmoud, Wael Mohamed Al-Mahdi and Ahmed Ramadan Abbas. Effect of intravenous ondansetron on reduction of spinal induced hypotension in parturients undergoing caesarean section. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):12-17]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.03.

Keywords: Ondansetron; Spinal anesthesia; 5-HT; Caesarean section

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Minimal Invasive Lumbar Spine Surgery

Yousuf Abdel-gelel Barakat, Abdel-baset Ali Saleh and Sameh Mohamed Mahmoud Ibraheim

Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

dr_sameh_salama@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: to discuss and evaluate different minimal invasive surgical approaches to lumbar spine (Endoscopic Discectomy & Percutaneous fixation) for treatment of lumbar spine pathlogy including lumbar disc herniation and spine fractures. Patients and methods: This study was conducted at the neurosurgery department, Al-Azhar university hospitals (Al-Hussein & Bab El-Sha’ariya University Hospitals) during the period from June 2012 to March 2017. This study involved 50 patients proved to have lumbar spine pathology. This study including 20 patients proved to have lumbar disc prolapsed, treated with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy by Destandau's technique using Endospine Karl Storz system, Also including 30 patients with lumbar spine fracture treated with percutaneous fixation. The patients are evaluated by outcome of surgical procedure and follow up (by clinical and radiological assessment) which was done immediate and 6 month after surgery for assessment of the result of each surgical approach used. Results: The data collected from the patients who were operated upon during the study were analyzed, and the results were concluded, compared and evaluated according to: Sex, Age, Symptoms, Signs, Radiological analysis, Surgery, Follow up and outcome, Causes of morbidity. The outcome for was excellent in 14 patients (70%); good outcome was achieved in 5 patients (20%). Abortion of the technique occurred in 2 patients (10%) who on follow-up one had good outcome and the other a fair outcome. postoperative CT the mean percentage of canal compromise was 18.7% ranging from 10% to 58%. The mean canal improvement and fragment reduction was 1.6% ranging from 3% to 24%, the highest canal improvement was 12% at L1, at D12 the highest canal improvement was 5%, at L2 the highest canal improvement was 8%.

[Yousuf Abdel-gelel Barakat, Abdel-baset Ali Saleh and Sameh Mohamed Mahmoud Ibraheim. Minimal Invasive Lumbar Spine Surgery. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):18-24]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.04.

Keywords: Minimal; Invasive; Lumbar; Spine; Surgery

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Management of Post Operative Disc Space Infection

Prof. Dr. Abd Elkafy Sharaf Eldin Ibrahim¹, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Abdul Rahman Tahoun², Prof. Dr. Maamoun Mohammed Abo Shosha¹ and Ayman Elsaed Afifi¹

¹Department of Neuro Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

² Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

dr_ayman79@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Disc space infection is a significant complication after discectomy and is associated with significant morbidity. Surgical wound infection remains the second most common type of nosocomial infection. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluation of different methods of management of post operative disc space infection. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy and discectomy over a period of 6 months was conducted. In the 6month period, 20 patients underwent surgical procedures for disc prolapse. Results: There was all patients who were enrolled in the study had received a clinical diagnosis of a POD, on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. The surgical procedure and the postoperative course of all the patients were uneventful. They had experienced good relief of symptoms immediately after surgery during 6 months of study We had total 20 patients who underwent lumbar discectomy. All patients had moderate to severe back pain. Conclusions: POD is a serious complication of disc surgeries. Discitis should be suspected in all patients with unexplained persistent back pain beyond 2 weeks of surgery or any other exaggerated symptoms. Careful evaluation is required in such cases.• The diagnosis is made on clinical suspicion, raised ESR. C-reactive proteins and signal changes in disc spaces on MRI.

[Abd Elkafy Sharaf Eldin Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohammed Abdul Rahman Tahoun, Maamoun Mohammed Abo Shosha and Ayman Elsaed Afifi. Management of Post Operative Disc Space Infection. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):25-35]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.05.

Keywords: Management; Post Operative Disc Space; Infection

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Effect of Egyptian Moringa Oleifera Lam. on blood hematology, serum biochemical parameters and lipid profile with special reference to kidney function in albino rats.

Fathy R. Ali¹, Mahmoud M. Elalfy¹, Ahmed A. Helmy² and Ahmed M. Elgamal²

¹ Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

² Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura, Egypt

Mahmoudelalfy@mans.edu.eg, dr_ahmedabdelgawadhelmy@hotmail.com

Abstract: Moringa Oleifera is a well-known medical plant in Egypt and used extensively in medical research. To better understand the effect of Moringa Oleifera ethanolic extract on blood hematology, biochemical parameters, lipid profile and its role in modulation of renal function. Thirty male albino rats were divided into 3 groups gavaged 0.5 ml of distilled water, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg of Moringa Oleifera leaves ethanolic extract twice per weeks for 8 weeks. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were tested for blood hematology, biochemical parameters and lipid profile. It was found that Moringa Oleifera at dose of 250 mg/kg increased significantly level of hemoglobin, WBCs and non-significantly increased RBCs and platelets counts while Moringa Oleiferaat dose of 500 mg/kg reduced significantly hemoglobin level. While at dose of 250 mg/kg of Moringa Oleifera showed significantly increased level of creatinine and total protein and non-significantly increased level of glucose and blood urea nitrogen while reduced significantly level of triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with control group. In contrast, Moringa Oleifera at dose of 500 mg/kg showing significantly increase of glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared with control group. The histopathological examination determined that Moringa Oleifera at dose of 250 mg/kg showed interstitial inflammatory infiltrate and Moringa Oleifera at dose of 500 mg/kg showed focal tubular atrophy. On conclusion, ethanolic extract of Moringa Oleifera had effects on biochemical, hematology, lipid profile and kidney architecture in albino rats.

[Fathy R. Ali, Mahmoud M. Elalfy, Ahmed A. Helmy and Ahmed M. Elgamal. Effect of Egyptian Moringa Oleifera Lam. on blood hematology, serum biochemical parameters and lipid profile with special reference to kidney function in albino rats. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):36-42]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.06.

Key words: Egyptian Moringa Oleifera ethanolic extract, blood hematology, biochemical parameters and lipid profile.

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Seed Yield Evaluation and Association between Yield Components in Different Advanced Lines of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa^1*, Tariq Mahmood¹, Ejaz ul Hasan¹, Mariam Hassan¹, Amir Hameed², Faisal Saddique³ and Muhammad Tayyab³

¹Directorate of Oilseeds, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad (Pakistan).

²Statistical Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Pakistan).

*Corresponding Author’s Email: saadpbg@gmail.com

Abstract: Pakistan is spending a large amount of foreign exchange on the import of huge quantity of edible oil which is snowballing every year due to increase in demand and population. The present study was conducted to study the relationship between different yield related traits in advance lines of Brassica juncea developed through pedigree method of plant breeding. The yield performance of these advance lines was also evaluated during the experiment. Twelve lines were grown in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during winter 2015-16. All recommended cultural practices were used throughout the experiment. The data for plant height, days to flowering, days to maturity, branches per plant, seeds per silique, seed yield per plot and oil% was collected. The correlation analysis revealed that seed yield per plot was highly and significantly correlated with number of branches per plant and seeds per siliqua. RBJ-11008 & RBJ-12018 were produced significantly higher seed yield (2.21kg/plot) & (2.10kg/plot) respectively than the check variety Khanpur Raya. The present study has clearly indicated the need for giving due weightage for number seeds per siliqua and number of branches per plant for improving seed yield in Mustard.

[Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa, Tariq Mahmood, Ejaz ul Hasan, Mariam Hassan, Amir Hameed, Faisal Saddique and Muhammad Tayyab. Seed Yield Evaluation and Association between Yield Components in Different Advanced Lines of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Nat Sci 2017;15(9):43-47]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.07.

Keywords: Correlation, Genotype, Mustard, Siliqua and Seed Yield

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Knowledge, Practice and Perceived Problems of Solid Waste Generated in an Institutional Complex, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Hammed T. B*, Ana G. R. E. E., Morakinyo O.M., Adejumo M. and Okareh O. T.

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Telephone: +234805471822; E-mail: hammetab2003@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Developing integrated solutions to Waste Management (WM) problems in an area requires generators’ knowledge and perceptions on existing WM practices. This study assessed nature of waste and people’s knowledge and practices of managing waste at Oladele Ajose building (within the University Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria) as a way of identifying the most environment-friendly and cost-effective WM strategy for the complex. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on the socio-demographic characteristics of 58 staff and all the consented students that have been in the complex for at least five years as well as their knowledge, practices and perception of WM problems. Participants’ knowledge was evaluated using an 8-point scale. Scores less or equal to four were categorized as poor knowledge. Appropriate tools were also used to characterize components of solid waste generated in the complex. Age of the respondents was 31.4 ± 8.9 years; 52 % were males and 76 % were students. The knowledge score was 6.2 ± 1.2 and 87.9 % had good knowledge of WM. Majority (82.8 %) did not know the waste disposal methods in Ajose building. Almost all (96.6 %) knew that improper waste disposal can cause disease outbreak while 77.6 % believed that it could cause air, water and soil pollution. Almost all the participants (93.1 %) did not recycle or reuse their waste. Many (67.2 %) perceived waste disposal facilities as being adequate and 69.0 % claimed there were no management problems and felt comfortable. A total of 112.9 ± 1.2 kg of solid waste was generated in the complex per day, with paper making up the major component (39.3 ± 0.1 kg) followed by organic waste (24.5 ± 0.2 kg). Respondents had good knowledge of waste and could not perceive WM in the complex as problem. However, since the waste stream had a lot of recyclables, waste re-use and recycling should be promoted as an integral part of WM option in the complex.

[Hammed T. B, Ana G. R. E. E., Morakinyo O.M., Adejumo M. and Okareh O. T.. Knowledge, Practice and Perceived Problems of Solid Waste Generated in an Institutional Complex, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):48-53]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.08.

Keywords: Waste management problem, Recyclables, Re-use, Disposal facilities

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Evaluation of oxidative stress induced by insecticides on Brassica oleracea infested with Spodoptera litura

Abd-ur-Rahman¹, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar^2*, Ahmad Raza¹, Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq³, Zafar Hussain², Muhammad Altaf Sabri¹, Sohail Ahmed¹

¹Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: m.mubasharzafar@gmail.com

Abstract: Cauliflower is an important vegetable crop grown in Pakistan which is damaged by many insect/pests including Spodoptera litura (army worm). These insect/pests feed on leaves and deteriorating the quality and quantity of cauliflower. Different insecticides are used for the control of this pest and causing a certain disturbance in biochemical constituents of the plant. The present project was designed to study the lethal effects of different insecticides (Bifenthrin, Emamectin Benzoate and Lufenuron) on army worm and physiological effects on two different Cauliflower cultivars (Shehzadi and Snow Crown) in the form of oxidative stress. The experiment was conducted in Research Area, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). The experiment had three treatments (Bifenthrin, Emamectin Benzoate and Lufenuron) with one control and had laid out in tri-replicated Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Insecticides were applied through foliar application method with Knap sack sprayer. Pest scouting was done to check mortality rate of S. litura under different treatments (Bifenthrin, Emamectin Benzoate and Lufenuron). A laboratory experiment was also conducted to check the mean percent mortality of Spodoptera litura. In pots, Emamectin Benzoate showed maximum mortality (96.66%) after 7 days of insecticide application. Bifenthrin showed minimum mortality (64.07%) after 7 days of application. Under field conditions reduction in infestation was 94% by Emamectin Benzoate. Leaf samples were collected before and after the insecticides application to check the nature and severity of oxidative stress. CAT activity was reduced after insecticide application as compared to control treatment. SDO, POD, MDA and proline activity was increased after insecticide application. Salicylic acid was applied through foliar to overcome the stress effects produced by insecticides. It was proved that Salicylic acid enhances the CAT activity but Salicylic acid reduces SOD, POD, MDA and proline activity.

[Abd-ur-Rahman, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar, Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq, Zafar Hussain, Muhammad Altaf Sabri, Sohail Ahmed. Evaluation of oxidative stress induced by insecticides on Brassica oleracea infested with Spodoptera litura. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):54-60]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.09.

Key words: oxidative stress, insecticidal induced stress, mortality, infestation, antioxidant enzymes.

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Effect of micro-nutrients and artificial acid rain on growth parameters of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Mariam Jallani¹, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar^2*, Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq³, Muhammad Tahir², Zafar Hussain², Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa⁴

¹Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Department of PB & G, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan.

³Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

⁴Directorate of Oilseeds, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: m.mubasharzafar@gmail.com

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of artificial acid rain and micronutrients (alone and in combination) on the morphological, physiological and yield attributes of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) wilczek]. The experiment was performed in the Old Botanical Garden, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Two lines of Mungbean i.e., NM 2006 and NM 2011 were subjected to six treatments including control, each with four replicates. Treatments for acid rain and micronutrients were applied in the form of foliar spray after 20 days of germination. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design. The data for various morphological, physiological and yield parameters were recorded and examined statistically. The exposure of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) wilczek] to simulated acid rain negatively affected growth and yield parameters while micronutrients solution in combination with acid rain ameliorated the adverse effect of acid rain. It was also observed that both the varieties responded non-significantly to acid rain treatments.

[Mariam Jallani, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar, Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq, Muhammad Tahir, Zafar Hussain, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa. Effect of micro-nutrients and artificial acid rain on growth parameters of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):61-64]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.10.

Keywords: Acid rain, micronutrients, growth parameters, yield

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Whole Body Vibration Effect on Fibromyalgia

Hesham Abd Elwahab, Tarek M. Abd El Aziz and Amany E. Abdelhady

Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

lobnaahmed371@gmail.com, ragiatelganah555@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Fibromyalgia is a common chronic condition involving widespread pain, cognitive sym ptoms, non-restorative sleep, and somatic symptoms and associated with changes in the activity of brain structures. Vibration is a mechanical stimulus and an important tool characterized by an oscillatory motion, which determine by the frequency and amplitude. WBV is a novel training exercises, can aid to increase safe and effective exercise protocols. Therefore, the objective of the current study is the evaluation of the efficacy of whole body vibration in treatment of fibromyalgia. Methods: An interventional prospective study was carried out. 50 female patients suffering from fibromyalgia were equally divided into two groups: group I: received whole body vibration while group II received conventional medical treatment as controls. Results: In GI, whole body vibration resulted in significant improvement of pain, fatigue VAS scores, and FIQ. Whereas, significant improvement in pain VAS scores only found in control group. Conclusion: WBF is effective treatment in treatment of FM. It reduced pain, fatigue, and quality of life of the treated patients.

[Hesham Abd Elwahab, Tarek M. Abd El Aziz and Amany E. Abdelhady. Whole Body Vibration Effect on Fibromyalgia. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):65-69]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.11.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia, Whole body vibration (WBV)

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Factor Affecting Health Services Utilization: An Article Review

Mohamed El-Hady Imam Salem, Mohamed Naguib Abdel-Moneim, Omar Omar Zidan and Mahmoud Abdel-Motty Abdel-Atty

Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

drmoustafamahmoud@yahoo.com

Abstract: There is a growing literature on health seeking behaviors and the determinants of health services utilization especially in the context of developing countries. However, very few focused studies have been seen in Egypt in this regard. This paper presents an extensive literature review of the situation in developing countries and relates the similar factors responsible for shaping up of a health seeking behavior and health service utilization. The factors determining the health care utilization may be seen in various contexts: physical, socio-economic, cultural and political. Therefore, the utilization of a health care system, public or private, formal or non-formal, may depend on socio-demographic factors, social structures, level of education, cultural beliefs and practices, gender discrimination, status of women, economic and political systems environmental conditions, and the disease pattern and health care system itself. Policy makers need to understand the drivers of health care utilization of the population in an increasingly pluralistic health care system. Objective: To identify the main determinant factors affecting utilization of health services and also Identify the barriers which affecting the utilization of health services. Result: Several studies have shown that low socio-economic status, older age, gender disparities, low education level, large family size, and limited physical and financial accessibility result in poor health service utilization. In many developing countries, physical accessibility, infrastructure (including hospital location), and availability of transportation influence health service utilization.

 [Mohamed El-Hady Imam Salem, Mohamed Naguib Abdel-Moneim, Omar Omar Zidan and Mahmoud Abdel-Motty Abdel-Atty. Factor Affecting Health Services Utilization: An Article Review. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):70-73]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.12.

Key words; Health Services –utilization of health services –barrier affecting utilization of health services

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Functional, Pasting and Sensory Properties of Chinchin Produced from Wheat- Tigernut Pomace Blends

Oke Emmanuel Kehinde*¹, Tijani Akeem Olumide ², Akinsola Akinjide Olubunmi³, Abiola Omowumi Temitope ¹ and Abamba Rukevwe Noro²

^1.  Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

^2.  National Biotechnology Development Agency, Owode Yewa, Ogun State

^3.  Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria

 kennyoke35@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of tigernut pomace (TP) substitution with wheat flour on functional, pasting and sensory properties of wheat-tigernut pomace blends for Chinchin. Yellow variety of tigernut was sorted and washed with tap water and was soaked inside the water for eight hours, the soaked nuts was wet milled to obtain the tigernut co-products which was pressed inside the muslin cloth to obtain the extract which is tigernut pomace and dried in a cabinet dryer at 60°C for 72hrs. The tigernut pomace was blended with wheat flour at different ratios (98:2, 96:4, 94:6, 92:8 and 90:10) of wheat: tigernut pomace, while 100% wheat flour served as controls. The blends were analyzed for functional properties; pasting properties while the chinchin produced from the blends were analyzed for sensory properties. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. Bulk density, water holding capacity, swelling power and solubility index of the blends ranged from 0.70 to 0.75g/ml, 1.38 to 4.05g/g, 4.06 to 4.47g/g, and 2.45 to 13.7% respectively. Range of values for peak, trough, breakdown, final viscosity, setback, peak time, and pasting temperature were 113.6-135.9RVU, 76.7-90.2RVU, 36.0-45.8RVU, 170-183.7RVU, 91.0-93.6RVU, 5.07-6.03min and 88.4-90.0RVU respectively The sensory properties of the chinchin from the blend of wheat and pomace powder were all acceptable base on the degree of their substitution. The findings show that blends had a significant effect on the functional properties. However, wheat flour can be incorporated into tigernut pomace up to 10% level without affecting its overall acceptability.

[Oke, E.K., Tijani, A.O., Akinsola, A.O., Abiola, O.T., Abamba, R. N. Functional, Pasting and Sensory Properties of Chinchin Produced from Wheat- Tigernut Pomace Blends. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):74-79]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.13.

Keywords: Chinchin; Functional, Pasting, Sensory, Tigernut pomace

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A Study of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Kamal M. Okasha¹, Ahmed Sobhy Bassuni², Mohammed Abd El-Rauof Tawfik¹, Ahmed M. Talat Shamse¹

¹Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

²Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

h_n915@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients presenting to Tanta emergency hospital with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB) from the period of 1/7/2014 and up to 6 months. Background: AKI is common in UGIB settings with multifactorial causes. It is associated with high rate of recurrent GI bleeding. Moreover, UGIB is the most frequent cause of bleeding after AKI. Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to study the prevalence of AKI in patients with UGIB. Patients and Methods: In a descriptive prospective study, patients with UGIB were screened for AKI during the interval from July 2014 to January 2015 using RIFLE and AKIN classification systems. All patients enrolled in the study have subjected to full history taking, through clinical examination and upper GI endoscopy to determine the cause of bleeding. Results: AKI was documented in 10.7% (64/600). There was no difference between RIFLE and AKIN classification systems regarding detection of AKI. 81.2% (51/64) classified as R, 17.2% (11/64) classified as I and 1.6% (1/64) classified as F. Regarding outcome of AKI, 15.6% of patients developed rebleeding during admission, 53.1% of patients developed complications (9.4% developed SBP, 9.4% developed hepatic encephalopathy, 9.4% developed pneumonia, 6.2% developed UTI, 7.8% developed septic shock,6.2% developed AF and 4.7% developed cerebral stroke) and 15.6% of patients went into multi-organ failure. Mortality was 7.8% among patients with AKI. Conclusion: The prevalence of AKI in UGIB is 10.7% with great impact on outcome and high mortality.

[Kamal M. Okasha, Ahmed Sobhy Bassuni, Mohammed Abd El-Rauof Tawfik, Ahmed M. Talat Shamse . A Study of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):80-85]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.14.

Key Words: acute kidney injury, Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

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Effect of Methotrexate on Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Hisham El-Dosoky Abd-Elwahab¹; Saad Mahmoud Alzokm¹; Abdullah Hussein Ahmed²; Mahmoud Farag Mohamed³ and Basma Abd Elbadee Esa Ali⁴

¹Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Radiodiagnostic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

³Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

⁴Resident in Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department; Ministry of Health and Population (A.R.E)

delete.center@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: rheumatoid arthritis is a common disease with subsequent disability. Different treatments were present. However, the effects of these drugs on lipid profile are not well investigated. Aim of the work: investigate the possible role of methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis with or without dyslipidemia and/or atherosclerosis. Methodology: the present work included 150 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, divided into two main groups. The first group included patients who had no dyslipidemia nor atherosclerosis with methotrexate only therapy; the second group included patients with dyslipidemia and/or carotid atherosclerosis; the second group were subdivided into three subgroups according to the treatment. The first subgroup included those treated with methotrexate only; the second subgroup treated with methotrexate and statins and the third subgroup treated by other DMARDs. Results: There was statistically significant decrease of disease severity and quality of life, CRP and ESR in all studied groups after treatment when compared to corresponding values before treatment. Lipid profile showed heterogeneity in results, for example post-treatment cholesterol was significantly increased in GI, GIIb, and GIIc and significantly decreased in GIIa. Triglycerides significantly decreased in GI, but significantly increased in GIIa, GIIb, GIIc after treatment. HDL results were similar to triglycerides. However, lipoprotein A had no significant changes after treatment in group GI; while there was statistically significant decrease in the other 3 subgroups. There was significant correlation between pre-treatment cholesterol and pre-treatment CRP. Post-treatment cholesterol was significantly correlated with disease severity (post), CRP (Post) and ESR (post). In addition, each of post-treatment triglycerides and LDL was significantly correlated with disease severity (post) and ESR (post). In addition, there was significant correlation between either pre- or post-treatment Carotid intima median thicknesses with each of total cholesterol (pre), HDL post and DAS28 (post). Conclusion: methotrexate and other included therapies in the present study exert a heterogeneous effect on lipid profile. However, there was a significant correlation between lipid profile and inflammatory markers linking both in the pathogenesis and response to treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

[Hisham El-Dosoky Abd-Elwahab; Saad Mahmoud Alzokm; Abdullah Hussein Ahmed; Mahmoud Farag Mohamed; and Basma Abd Elbadee Esa Ali. Effect of Methotrexate on Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):86-93]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.15.

Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; lipids; methotrexate; cholesterol; triglycerides; statins; disease modifying drugs.

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Yield Evaluation and Stability of Interspecific Rice (Oryza species) Progenies under three Ecologies in Ibadan, Nigeria

Bosede Olufunke Popoola^1,2, Christopher Olumuyiwa Ilori ², Mande Semon ¹

^1. Africa Rice Center, Nigeria Station PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria

^2. Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

bospop2004@yahoo mail.com

Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important staple cereal that accounts for 20% of total food calories for more than half of the world’s population. Its cultivation is adversely affected by several constraints, among which are drought and low adaptive capabilities. Oryza barthii is the immediate ancestor of African rice (Oryza glaberrima). However, it has not been widely used in varietal development, despite the wide recognition of wild species for improving crops. Hereby, we investigated the adaptability and stability of interspecific Oryza species progenies under three rice ecologies in Ibadan. An advanced interspecific populations of twenty-seven progenies (G3 to G29), and their two parents (IRGC-104084 [G1] (O. barthii) and TGS 25 [G2] (O. glaberrima x O. sativa) x O. sativa) were evaluated using augmented randomized block design. The trials were done under upland, hydromorphic and lowland rice ecologies at the Africa Rice Center, Nigeria station, in International Institute of Tropical Agriculture campus, Ibadan. The progenies were evaluated for grain yield. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α_0.05. Stability and adaptability of the progenies were analysed using GGE biplot. The highest grain yield of 4670±17.5 kg/ha (G11) was observed in upland, 5902.7±45.96 kg/ha and 6866.7±79.94 kg/ha (G2) in hydromorphic and lowland ecologies, respectively. Progenies G13 and G29 had stable grain yield across all ecologies. The genotype G2 performed better and adapted well to hydromorphic and lowland ecologies while G11 had the best performance in upland ecology. The stable grain yield of genotypes G13 and G29 across ecologies could also be explored for increasing rice production in Nigeria.

[Popoola, B.O., Ilori, C.O., Semon, M. Yield Evaluation and Stability of Interspecific Rice (Oryza species) Progenies under three Ecologies in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):94-100]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.16.

Keywords: Genotypic adaptability, Rice ecologies, progenies, Oryza barthii

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Assessment of Cardiac Functions in Neonates with Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

Ahmed Mohamed Ismail¹, Ahmed Al Saeed Al Sehrawey², Ahmed Helal El Sayed¹, Ibrahim Mohamed Abufarag¹, Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Abozhra¹

¹Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine – Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine – Al-Azhar University, Egypt

mabozhra100@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most important emergency for admission in the neonatal period, especially premature infants. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) was defined as the need for mechanical ventilator support for more than 7 days. PMV is associated with the development of chronic lung disease. Other complications of MV include air-leak syndromes pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pulmonary interstitial emphysema. complications associated with endotracheal intubations, malpositioning, trauma to the vocal cords, larynx, and esophagus, development of subglotic stenosis and palatal grove and ventilator-associated pneumonias. MV always has some effect on the cardiovascular system. Positive-pressure ventilation can decrease preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Echocardiographic changes in particular Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), pulmonary hypertension and Tei index are a Doppler-derived index for the assessment of overall ventricular function that combines systolic and diastolic time intervals. Aim: Evaluate the Cardiac changes in neonates receiving of PMV clinically and by 2D transthoracic echocardiography. Methods: The present work was conducted on fifty neonates receiving of PMV, Detailed history-thorough clinical examination-Plain X-ray-Two dimensional, M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic examination with the measurement of myocardial performance index (MPI) of the left ventricle. Results: Our current study demonstrated statistically significant relation between the degree of duration of MV and pulmonary artery pressure, with increasing the duration of MV, the PAP is increased. TAPSE were gradually & significantly decreased with increasing the duration of MV, while Tei index is increased. Our study demonstrated positive moderate significant correlation between Tei index and PAP with the degree duration of MV. It also showed negative significant correlation between TAPSE with the degree of duration of MV which indicates that these patients may have subclinical ventricular dysfunction which should be followed up carefully. It also showed moderate significant correlation between TAPSE, Tei index and PAP with oxygenation index (OI). It also showed positive moderate significant correlation between Tei index and PAP with the degree of OI, while showed negative significant correlation between TAPSE with the degree of duration of OI. Among the studied infants 40 cases (80%) survived while 10 cases (20%) had expired. The causes of death were mainly related to complications of MV than the complications of the disease. Our study show relation between CRP and various echocardiographic measures which was statistically significant difference between cases had CRP<12 and cases had CRP=>12 regarding EF (%) and no statistically significant difference between cases had CRP<12 and cases had CRP=>12 regarding Tei index, LA/Ao ratio, TAPSE (cm) and PAP (mmHg). Conclusion: When PMV was coupled with some clinical findings as poor peripheral perfusion, cardiomegaly and audible murmur and echocardiographic findings of pulmonary hypertension and impaired contractility, the disease was severe and the outcome was poor. These clinical and echocardiographic findings seemed to be a better index of the outcome of PMV than other clinical, laboratory or radiological parameters.

[Ahmed Mohamed Ismail, Ahmed Al Saeed Al Sehrawey, Ahmed Helal El Sayed, Ibrahim Mohamed Abufarag, Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Abozhra. Assessment of Cardiac Functions in Neonates with Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):101-105]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.17.

Keywords: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV), echocardiogram, Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), pulmonary hypertension (PHN) and Tei index

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Light and Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Testicular Tissue after Chronic Exposure to Methotrexate

Osama F. Ahmed

Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

osamafouad20@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of chronic exposure to methotrexate on testicular structure in adult male albino rat judged by light and electron microscope (EM). Group I: served as control group (n = 5) and Group II: injected subcutaneously by methotrexate in a dose of 12.5 microgram /kg body weight (n = 10), which is equally divided into two subgroups; IIa (that were daily for one week) (5rats) and IIb (that were daily for two week) (5 rats). At the end of experimental period, all of the rats were scarified and both testes were prepared for histological and ultrastructural study. In methotrexate one-week treated animals, there were several pathological changes include degenerated seminiferous tubules and distortion in spermatogenic cells. In animals treated with methotrexate for two-weeks, seminiferous tubules showed disorganized spermatogenic cells with reduced number of spermatids. EM evaluation of methotrexate -induced changes revealed significant thickening in basal lamina, structural changes in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm of Sertoli cell, decrease in number of microtubules of centriole in sperms and loss of the tight junctions due to widening of intracellular space between spermatogenic cells. It could be concluded that exposure to anticancer drugs has a deleterious effect on testicular function as regards spermatogenesis with proved ultrastructural changes.

[Osama F. Ahmed. Light and Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Testicular Tissue after Chronic Exposure to Methotrexate. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):106-112]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.18.

Keywords: Methotrexate, Testes, Ultrastructure, Anticancer, histopathology

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Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal clinic in Grimard Catholic Hospital, Anyigba, Kogi State.

Martin-luther Oseni Okolo¹, Cornelius Arome Omatola¹, Anastasia Ijeoma Ezugwu¹, Patience Omebije Adejoh¹, Abraham-Oyiguh Joseph², Onwuatuegwu Joseph Taiwo Chukwuma³.

¹Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria

²Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria.

³Department of Microbiology, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra State.

omatolac@gmail.com

Abstract: Malaria remains a potentially life threatening disease globally with Nigeria having the highest number of reported cases in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women attending antenatal section of the Grimard Catholic hospital, Anyigba. Two millilitres of blood sample was obtained by venipuncture from 150 consented pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was administered to each participant to obtain information on their age, gravidity, gestation period and level of education. Sample from each subject was screened for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films microscopic technique. A total of 49(32.66%) out of 150 pregnant women examined were infected with P. falciparum with the age group 18-22 years having the highest rate 30(20%) of malaria infection. Malaria infection was however not statistically associated with age group differences (P>0.05). Prevalence of malaria was higher in primigravidae 28(18.67%) and women in their third trimesters 29(19.33%). A significant association exists between gravidae and malaria infection (p<0.05). Semi-educated pregnant women had higher prevalence of 32(21.33%) compared to the highly educated women who had lower prevalence of 11.33%. The high prevalence of malaria in this study emphasizes the need to implement more robust strategies to prevent and control this infectious menace in pregnancy.

[Okolo MO, Ezugwu AI, Omatola CA. Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal clinic in Grimard Catholic Hospital, Anyigba, Kogi State.. Nat Sci 2017;15(9):113-117]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150917.19.

Keywords: Prevalence, Malaria Parasites, Pregnant women, Antenatal, Plasmodium Falciparum

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