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Onchocerciasis: Perception and status of community members in non-ivermectin coverage areas of Ogun State, Nigeria.

¹Sam-Wobo, Sammy Olufemi, ²Asimiea, Aminanyanaba Onai, ³Oganah, Beatrice Chi, ¹Ebisanmi, Olureti, ¹Oludemi, Abidemi Olufunmilola, ¹Alade, Monsurat Olukemi., ¹Oyetola, Olukem, ⁴Adeleke, Monsuru Alani and ¹Surakat, Olabanji Ahmed

¹Department of Pure & Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta;

²Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt

³Department of Home Economics, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Oto- Ijanikin, Lagos

⁴Department of Biological Sciences, Osun State University, Oshogbo, Nigeria.

amina.asimiea@uniport.edu.ng

Abstract: With the global focus towards elimination of onchocerciasis especially in endemic countries like Nigeria, a study to determine the status of onchocerciasis and knowledge of people towards eliminating onchocerciasis was conducted in six riverine communities, namely Eyinwa, Aiyepe and Okun Owa in Odogbolu Local Government Area (LGA), and Akaka, Ilara and Orile-Oko in Remo Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Utilizing the rapid epidemiological mapping for onchocerciasis (REMO) tool, 420 consented participants were physically examined for nodules and questionnaire administered to them to obtain information on knowledge and perception on the disease. Data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 16 into percentile and assessment of variables for significant relationships. The results showed a nodular rate of 17% and 30% in participants for the two LGAs. Most respondents (69%) and (87%) the two LGAs had knowledge of the disease. However, 50% respondents from Odogbolu, and 54% from Remo reported itching as the major symptom. Assessing the use of ivermection as drug to control the spread of the disease, 72% of respondents in Odogbolu and 49% in Remo North are of the opinion that ivermectin could reduce transmission, howbeit 26% and 23% believes that control could be possible through good hygiene. The need for Government and health agencies to embark on massive health education about the disease is advocated so as to eliminate the negative effect of the disease with infected individuals.

[ Sam-Wobo, Sammy Olufemi, Asimiea, Aminanyanaba Onai, Oganah, Beatrice Chi, Ebisanmi, Olureti, Oludemi, Abidemi Olufunmilola, Alade, Monsurat Olukemi., Oyetola, Olukem, Adeleke, Monsuru Alani and Surakat, Olabanji Ahmed. Onchocerciasis: Perception and status of community members in non-ivermectin coverage areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):1-5]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.01.

Keywords: Onchocerciasis, Perception, Ivermectin, Ogun State, Nigeria.

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Helminthic Status of Olive Baboon (Papio anubis) and Hyena (Croucuta croucuta) in a University Zoo Park, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

¹Sam-Wobo, Sammy. Olufemi., ¹Adeyinka, Oluseyi. Adetunji., ²Asimiea, Aminanyanaba Onari., ³Adekunle, Nimota. ¹Oladunni and ¹Awoyale, Atinuke.

¹Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta

²Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt

³Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye

amina.asimiea@uniport.edu.ng

Abstract: Parasitic infections pose a threat to animals kept in captivity. The helminthic status of Olive baboon (Papio anubis) and Hyena (Croucuta croucuta) kept in Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta (FUNAAB) Zoo Park in Ogun State Nigeria was studied. Freshly voided faeces were collected twice a week from resident mammals for 6 weeks. The concentration technique enlisted was formalin ethyl acetate method and direct microscopic examination. About 90% and 87% of the samples from the Olive baboons and hyena respectively had at least one helminthes parasite species. Trichuris trichuria had the highest prevalence of 100% among the Olive baboon population while Fasciola hepatica was the least prevalence of 33%. The Olive baboon had a parasite richness count of 2/3 while the hyena population had a parasite richness count of 5/12. These findings emphasize the need for improvement in routine de-worming process and adequate maintenance of hygienic environmental conditions of the zoo in order to forestall the dangers associated with the parasites among the mammals.

[ Sam-Wobo, Sammy. Olufemi., Adeyinka, Oluseyi. Adetunji., Asimiea, Aminanyanaba Onari., Adekunle, Nimota. Oladunni and Awoyale, Atinuke.. Helminthic Status of Olive Baboon (Papio anubis) and Hyena (Croucuta croucuta) in a University Zoo Park, Abeokuta, Nigeria.. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):6-9]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.02.

Keywords: Helminths, Papio Anubis, Croucuta croucuta, FUNAAB Zoo Park

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Response of tomato genotypes against salinity stress at germination and seedling stage.

Muhammad Tahir¹, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar^1**, Ali Imran¹, Muhammad Asad Hafeez¹, Muhammad Sheraz Rasheed¹, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa², Asmat Ullah³

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Directorate of Oilseeds, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

**Corresponding author: m.mubasharzafar@gmail.com

Abstract: Salt stress is one of the major abiotic constraints that causes the reduction in crops growth in the arid and semi-arid region of the world. The presence of high level of salts in the irrigation water and soil put harmful impacts at germination and growth stages in tomato because of ion toxicity and osmotic stress. In most genotypes reduction in germination and growth occurs in the presence of salt stress however some genotypes perform well in this condition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the germination capabilities and growth of seedling in 30 different tomato genotypes under saline conditions. The research was conducted under factorial design in complete randomized design with three replications. Data related to germination rate, germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight under salt stress were taken for the comparison of 30 different tomato genotypes. A significant interaction was showed between genotype x environment for all traits. A significant reduction in germination percentage occurred with the increase in salt stress. At germination stage, performance of two genotypes (Naqeeb and Marmande) were well. Reduction in the growth of seedlings was observed because of extra salt stress. A significant difference was observed in LA2661, SP-6 and SP-5 for the length of root and in Nagina for the length of shoot under different saline conditions. Tomato shoots looked more sensitive in comparison with tomato roots. It is proposed that elongation of roots and shoots may be used for the selection of tolerant cultivars against saltiness.

[Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar, Ali Imran, Muhammad Asad Hafeez, Muhammad Sheraz Rasheed, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa, Asmat Ullah. Response of tomato genotypes against salinity stress at germination and seedling stage. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):10-17]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.03.

Key Word: Lycopersicon esculentumm, Abiotic stress, NaCl, Genotypes x Environment interaction, Biplot analysis.

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Evaluation of the Antioxidant Effect of Doxorubicin as a Treatment for Mammary Gland Carcinoma in Rats

Hegazi M.A.M.¹*, Doha M Beltagy², Fatma A Elmalah¹, Elsayed I Salem¹

¹ Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

²Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: E-mail: m_a_m_hegazi@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Despite of using doxorubicin (DOX) over a period of several months was found to result in the development of cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure (CHF) in humans; it has great therapeutic effects on several types of cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of DOX on the mammary gland tissue and the mammary gland tumors as a treatment for mammary gland carcinoma and confirmation of this data by biochemical investigations. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 46 female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (10 rats) was the negative control and injected 0.9% saline. Group 2 (18 rats) was injected N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU). Group 3 (18 rats) was injected MNU then treated with DOX. Results: DOX could decrease the oxidative stress marker MDA and increased the antioxidant enzymes trying to face the mammary gland tumours. Besides that, there was a great different between the study groups in the liver functions and hormones analysis while, the kidney functions and lipid profiles certificated differences between the experimental groups with no statistical significance. Conclusion: DOX has well therapeutic effect on mammary gland carcinoma by decreasing the oxidative stress and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the mammary gland tissues.

[Hegazi M.A.M., Doha M Beltagy, Fatma A Elmalah, Elsayed I Salem. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Effect of Doxorubicin as a Treatment for Mammary Gland Carcinoma in Rats. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):18-25]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.04.

Keywords: Doxorubicin, Oxidative stress, Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathaione-S-transeferase and Malondialdehyde

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Effectiveness of Intratympanic Dexamethasone Injection in Sudden sensory neural hearing loss

Sayed Mohammed Saeed Kadah, Soad Ebrahim Mohmed, Magda Abdlatif Mohammed, Mohammed Mohammed Hussein

Faculty of Medicine for Girls University of Al Azhar, Al Zahraa University Hospital, Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Cairo, Egypt

mmhif@yahoo.com

Abstract: Abstract: Objective: To compare outcomes in two groups of patients with idiopathic sudden sensor neural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Group I treated with oral methylprednisolone at 1 mg/kg/day and Group II treated with intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone (DEX) at 24 mg/mL. Study Design: prospective clinical trial. Setting: Tertiary referral center at Al Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Al Zahraa University Hospital & National institute of Hearing and Speech, Cairo, Egypt. Patients: Forty adults with ISSNHL divided into 2 groups. Interventions: Group I received oral methylprednisolone at 1mg/kg/day over 9 days; tapered over 6 days, Group II patients received a series of IT DEX injections for 3 weeks with 24 mg/mL. Main Outcome Measure: Greater than 30-dB improvement in pure-tone average (PTA). Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Mean follow-up was 24 weeks. Sixteen (80%) of 20 patients treated with 24 mg/mL had greater than 30-dB improvement in PTA compared with eight (40%) of 20 treated with oral methylprednisolone (p = 0.022, Fisher’s exact test). There was a trend toward improved word recognition score outcome with 24 mg/mL. Change in PTA was not significantly affected by age, sex, pretreatment hearing levels. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of superiority of IT DEX at 24 mg/mL for the treatment of ISSNHL in Egypt, with significantly better and safer recovery of PTA. Our data suggest that treatment should be initiated as soon as possible.

[Sayed Mohammed Saeed Kadah, Soad Ebrahim Mohmed, Magda Abdlatif Mohammed, Mohammed Mohammed Hussein. Effectiveness of Intratympanic Dexamethasone Injection in Sudden sensory neural hearing loss. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):26-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.05.

Key Words: Idiopathic sudden sensor neural hearing loss-Intratympanic dexamethasone 24mg/mL-oral methylprednisolone- PTA (pure tone audiometry) - word recognition score – dB (decibel).

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The Use of Cyanobacteria as Biofertilizer in Wheat Cultivation under Different Nitrogen Rates

Fekry M. Ghazal¹, EL-Sayed M. Mahdy², Mohamed S. Abd EL- Fattah², Abd EL Gawad Y. EL-Sadany¹ and Naeem M. E. Doha¹

¹Agric. Res. Dept., Soils, Water & Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt

²Chemistry Dept., Fac. Sci., Helwan Univ., Cairo, Egypt

ghazalfekry@gmail.com

Abstract: Nowadays, a great attention is paid in establishing concept of the associations between wheat plants and a variety of N₂-fixing microorganisms. This phenomenon has entered the scientific scene arising from the prospects and the possibilities of their potentially application.. In the current study, cyanobacteria inoculation (SBI) was inoculated to wheat in a greenhouse experiment under different rates of nitrogen to find out its impact on wheat yield and its components as well as on some soil properties of the applied sandy soil. Results revealed that inoculation with cyanobacteria generally encouraged the growth of wheat plants. Also, the treatment of 70 % N + SBI gained the highest wheat grain and straw yields, highest total N, P and K contents for both grains and straw. These achieved results were not significantly different from those scored by 100 % N treatment. Due to the soil physical properties, results revealed that inoculation with cyanobacteria increased the proportion of macro-aggregates with a corresponding decrease in the micro-aggregates for the tested sandy soil. Wheat inoculation with cyanobacteria increased both soil organic matter and water holding capacity percentages and in contrast, it decreased the soil bulk density for tested soil. Generally, it is of preliminarily prediction that cyanobacteria inoculation might save almost 30 % of the mineral nitrogen needed for wheat production. Also, it can ameliorate and improve the physical properties of the marginal and poor soils such as the applied sandy soil.

[Fekry M. Ghazal, EL-Sayed M. Mahdy, Mohamed S. Abd EL- Fattah, Abd EL Gawad Y. EL-Sadany and Naeem M. E. Doha. The Use of Cyanobacteria as Biofertilizer in Wheat Cultivation under Different Nitrogen Rates. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):30-35]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.06.

Keyword: Wheat cultivation – Cyanobacteria – Biofertilizer – Nitrogen rates.

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Impact of Anxiety, Depression and Eating Disorders on Glycemic Control of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Salah Abd Rabu El-Sayed, Mohamed Abdel Fattah El-Mahdi, Mohamed Abdel Salam Zannoun, Eman Roushdy Moussa

Pediatric department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt.

Abstract: Background and objectives: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic unremitting medical conditions that develop in childhood or adolescence. There is a bimodal age of onset, with the first peak at 4 to 6 years and second peak in early adolescence. Adolescents with diabetes are at increased risk of developing psychiatric (10-20 %) or eating disorders (8-30%), leading to non-compliance with treatment and deterioration of diabetic control, That's why it was important to carry out this study to detect these psychiatric disorders among Egyptian adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to detect how they can affect the glycemic control. Method: This is a cross sectional study, which include (100) adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. They were selected from Pediatric Diabetes Center in Alfardos Health Insurance Clinic at Mansoura. Glycosylated Hb of studied patients were collected from their medical records. All patients were psychologically evaluated by Hamilton scale for depression, Hamilton scale for anxiety and Diabetes eating problem survey-revised (DEPS-R) for eating disorders to detect anxiety depression and eating disorders in our patients and their relations with glycemic control. Results: We found in this study that Depression, anxiety and eating disorder were higher among patients with type-1 diabetes; and all were associated with poor diabetic control. Conclusion: All patients with type1 diabetes should be screened for psychiatric disorders, particularly, anxiety, depression and eating disorders as they are associated with poor glycemic control.
[Salah Abd Rabu El-Sayed, Mohamed Abdel Fattah El-Mahdi, Mohamed Abdel Salam Zannoun, Eman Roushdy Moussa. Impact of Anxiety, Depression and Eating Disorders on Glycemic Control of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):36-40]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.07.

Keywords: Impact; Anxiety; Depression; Eating; Disorder; Glycemic Control; Adolescents; Diabetes Mellitus

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Relationship between Bode Index and Quality Of Life in Copd Patients

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Ali Farrag¹, Dr. Amr Mounir Shoukri¹ and Enas Adel Taha Kirsh²

¹Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shamis University

²Senior Resident, Kafr El-Sheikh Chest Hospital, Egypt

dr_enasmhmd@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background and Aims: Malnutrition, weight loss, and peripheral muscle weakness are some of the systemic manifestations of COPD that seriously affect the health related quality of life and exercise capacity of patients [1]. The BODE index components are: body mass index (BMI), airway obstruction (O), dyspnea (D) and exercise capacity (E) [2]. The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a quick and easy test to be completed and provides a score that indicates the impact of the disease on the health status of the patients [3]. The aim of this study was the assessment of the quality of life in COPD patients using CAT and correlating with BODE index. Materials and Methods: COPD patients in this study were diagnosed and classified into four groups according to GOLD guidelines. BODE index score was calculated according to: BMI, FEV1%pred. post bronchodilator, mMRC and 6MWT (meters) by summing the points that were obtained. CAT questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Total CAT score and BODE index score were calculated and data analysed using various statistical tests. Results: In the current study, 60 COPD patients were investigated. Among these, the mean age of the patients were 63.383 ± 10.306 (40 - 87) and the sex ratio (M: F) was (58:2). The majority of the studied cases were Ex-smokers and only 3.33% were passive smokers. Mean BMI (kg/m²) was 25.338 ± 4.810, mean FEV1% pred. post-bronchodilator was 40.433 ± 9.464, mean mMRC was 1.8 ± 0.9 and mean 6 MWT (m) 204.900 ± 83.926. In this study, mean BODE Index Score was 6.067 ± 1.745 and mean total CAT Score was 27.967 ± 7.746. BODE Index and CAT Score was found to be highly significantly related to the disease severity according to GOLD (p < 0.001). The BODE Index was positively correlated with CAT score (r = 0.986). This correlation was found to be statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These results provide users of the CAT with a good sense of the health impact associated with the BODE index score. It highlights the importance of CAT as a complement to the BODE index in the evaluation of the true impact of COPD on patients’ daily lives.

[Dr. Mohamed Ali Farrag, Amr Mounir Shoukri and Enas Adel Taha Kirsh. Relationship Between Bode Index and Quality Of Life in Copd Patients. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):41-46]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.08.

Keywords: BODE index, COPD, CAT score, Quality of life

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Cytokeratin-18 Fragment Levels as a Biomarker of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Prof. Salem Soliman Ahmed Salama, Prof. Abd El-Monaem Mohamed Barrak, Prof. Hassan Abdul-Aziz Hassan Gabber, Prof. Rabie Fathy Abbas, Mohamed Fathy Al-Araby

Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt

doctormedo2030@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic pandemic of the 21^th century, being the number one cause of chronic hepatic disease in the occidental world (Bellentani et al., 2010). Although usually benign, fatty liver may associate with serious injury, with inflammation and hepatocyte necroapoptosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in 20 - 30% of subjects. Those patients are at risk of developing fibrosis, 1/5 progressing to liver cirrhosis. It is apparently more slowly progressive than other chronic liver diseases, such as alcohol or viral-induced disease. However, because NAFLD is so common, occurring in 1 out of 3 persons in the developed world, it is the 3^rd cause of liver transplantation in USA (Charlton et al 2011). Moreover, the problem of hepatocytes being fatty, overcomes the liver itself, as it increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and death and duplicates the risk for T2DM, independently of the severity of liver injury. Aim of the Work: It is planned to evaluate the concentration of serum CK-18 as a non-invasive bio-maker of NAFLD in patients with T2DM. Subjects and Methods: All subjects were selected from the outpatient clinic of internal medicine and inpatient internal Medicine departments of Sayed-Galal Hospital Al-Azhar University and Al-Matariah Educational Hospital. They were Egyptians; their age ranged from 19 - 55 years old. The study was performed in the period from May 2016 to June 2017. Results: Eighty subjects were enrolled in this study, they were classified into 4 groups: Group 1: Includes 20 patients with T2DM and having NAFLD, Group 2: Includes 20 patients with T2DM and not having NAFLD, Group 3: Includes 20 patients without T2DM and having NAFLD, Group 4: Includes 20 age-matched healthy controls (i.e., neither having T2DM nor having NAFLD). Conclusion: CK-18 is increased in patient with NAFLD either with or without DM. Increase CK-18 level is might be a possible diagnostic biomarker for NAFLD among T2DM patients.

[Salem Soliman Ahmed Salama, Abd El-Monaem Mohamed Barrak, Hassan Abdul-Aziz Hassan Gabber, Rabie Fathy Abbas, Mohamed Fathy Al-Araby. Cytokeratin-18 Fragment Levels as a Biomarker of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):47-54]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.09.

Keywords: Cytokeratin-18, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Examines the relationship between intellectual capital and social responsibility disclosure to the value of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange

Saeid sinaei^1*, Mahmoud ghaitasvand²

¹Department of Accounting, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

²Department of Accounting, Faculty of Humanities, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad university, Abadan, iran

Corresponding Author: saeid. sinaei@yahoo.com ^1*

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the disclosure of intellectual capital and social responsibility have been made on value of companies. This research as applied research and gathering information and the most descriptive and correlational relationships between variables is. The study sample consisted of all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange is in year 94, the 108 companies selected by systematic sampling was removed. To collect research data disclosure indicator of intellectual capital 61 items Lee et al. (2008) and disclosures social responsibility 20 items Nirwanto et al (2011) were used. According to data collected results showed that the disclosure of intellectual capital and its dimensions (including human capital, structural capital and relational capital) and disclosure of social responsibility and its dimensions (including information related to employee relations, information on community involvement and information about the production) there is a significant correlation with value of companies. Thus, generally it can be concluded that it is necessary Companies and investors to enable them to acquire sufficient knowledge of the intellectual capital on the basis of relevant information, better decisions And those investors also need to pay attention to current and short-term profit and in order to maximize their profitability a priority to invest in companies that have the most revealing of social responsibility.

[Saeid sinaei, Mahmoud ghaitasvand. Examines the relationship between intellectual capital and social responsibility disclosure to the value of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):55-61]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.10.

Key words: intellectual capital disclosure, disclosure of social responsibility, value of companies

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Effect of saxagliptin and vardenafil on cardiac dysfunction and atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression in chronic isoproterenol - treated rats

Sawsan A Sadik1, Nawal E El-Gawhary2, Eman I Ahmed1, Usama N Aziz1

1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt
2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
eia00@fayoum.edu.eg, drusama6@hotmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the potential cardioprotective effect of saxagliptin and vardenafil on isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction. Rats were injected subcutaneously with isoproterenolas follows: doses of 30, 20, and 10 mg/kg were given on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively, followed by 5 mg/kg on days 4 to day 15. Rats received vehicle, saxagliptin (10 mg/kg) orvardenafil (10mg/kg) orally with isoproterenol to study their effects on electrocardiogram data, cardiac contractility, atrial natriuretic peptide and tumor necrosis factor α gene expression as well as histopathological analysis of cardiac tissue. Results showed that isoproterenol induced ECG changes were restored to normal by both drugs. Repeated administration of isoproterenol significantly decreased cardiac contractility by 63.62% that was increased by 53.9% with saxagliptin and by 125% with vardenafil treatment. Both treatments significantly decreased ANP and TNFα gene expression that was increased by isoproterenol injection. Histopathological examination revealed that pretreatment with either drugs led to improvement of isoproterenol- induced inflammation and vaculation and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, results implicate that both saxagliptin and vardenafil may prevent isoproterenol induced cardiac dysfunction and further experimental studies are required to elucidate their potential cardioprotective mechanisms and assess their efficacy in treatment of heart failure.
[Sawsan A Sadik, Nawal E El-Gawhary, Eman I Ahmed, Usama N Aziz. Effect of saxagliptin and vardenafil on cardiac dysfunction and atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression in chronic isoproterenol - treated rats. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):62-70]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.11.

Keywords: Isoproterenol; cardiac dysfunction; ANP; saxagliptin; vardenafil

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The Role of Laparoscopic Mini-Gastric Bypass in Management of Metabolic Syndrome

Mahmoud Abdallah El-Husseiny¹, Ashraf Abdel-Hameed Abdel-Moneim¹, Mohammed Arafat Abdel-Maksoud¹ and Kamel Suliman Hammad²

¹Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

mahaballahhelal29@gmail.com

Abstract: objective: the study was performed to evaluate the technique of laproscopic minigastric bypass for metabolic syndrome patients. Study design: The patients were enrolled in a combined prospective study and had a retrospectively gathered outcome analysis. Patient and methods: The study includes thirty patients; 24 females and 6 males suffering from metabolic syndrome with a mean age of 33.15± 10.17 years (range, 20-59), who fulfilled the criteria for bariatric surgery with BMI >35 with associated co-morbidities, all patients underwent laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass. Results: BMI and WC were significantly reduced post-operatively; also co-morbidities as DM, hypertension and dyslipidemia were resolved or controlled. The mean operative time was 90 ± 12.6 min (range, 80–120). No mortality was reported within 30 days of surgery. Conclusion: laparoscopic mini gastric bypass is an effective procedure for the treatment of obesity, HTN, type 2 DM and dyslipidemia, technically feasible, safe operation with a low rate of major postoperative complications.

[Mahmoud Abdallah El-Husseiny, Ashraf Abdel-Hameed Abdel-Moneim, Mohammed Arafat Abdel-Maksoud and Kamel Suliman Hammad. The Role of Laparoscopic Mini-Gastric Bypass in Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):71-75]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.12.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome, mimigastric bypass, DM

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Radiological guided Fine needle aspiration cytology in lymphadenopathy in Head and Neck Masses

Ahmed Mohamed Seleim¹, Tarek Mohamed Abdelhamed Elzayat², Ibrahim Hasan Mohamed Yousef³, Ibrahim Ibrahim Eldsoky¹, Yahya Mohamed Dawood¹, Ahmed Lotfy Abd Elhamed Mohamed¹

¹Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University, Egypt

²Diagnostic Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University, Egypt

Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University, Egypt

Abstract: US guided FNAC is the most reliable imaging technique to assess the presence of metastases in cervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer. This review also indicates that further studies on diagnostic performances of radiological imaging modalities should be done, focused on patients with clinically N0 necks, because especially in these patients imaging may play an important role in directing treatment. US guided FNAC can be recommended as a cheaper and most feasible alternative to the CT scan in the evaluation of the neck node metastasis.

[Ahmed Mohamed Seleim, Tarek Mohamed Abdelhamed Elzayat, Ibrahim Hasan Mohamed Yousef, Ibrahim Ibrahim Eldsoky, Yahya Mohamed Dawood, Ahmed Lotfy Abd Elhamed Mohamed. Radiological guided Fine needle aspiration cytology in lymphadenopathy in Head and Neck Masses. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):76-79]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.13.

Keywords: Radiological guided Fine needle aspiration cytology, lymphadenopathy, Head, Neck Masses

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A comparison of Glibenclamide/Metformin Combination and Insulin for the Management of the Diabetes Mellitusn during singleton Pregnancy

Farid I Hassan¹, Mofeed F Mohamed¹ and Abdel Raouf A Abonar^2*, Mohamed H Khedr¹

¹Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Alazhar University, Egypt

²Clinical Pathology Department, Alazhar University, Egypt

m_hosny62@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: To study the efficacy and safety of glibenclamide/metformin combination as a treatment option for pregnant women with either gestational diabetes or type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to conventional insulin therapy. Methods: Ninety pregnant women with singleton pregnancies (69 women with gestational diabetes & 21 with type-2 diabetes mellitus) were included. They were randomly allocated to receive either glibenclamide/metformin combination or insulin. The primary end point was the achievement of the desired level of glycemic control. The presence or absence of maternal, fetal and/or neonatal complications was measured as secondary end points. Results: There were no differences between the oral hypoglycemic-treated group and insulin-treated group as regard the mean blood glucose levels. It was 125.64 ± 18.15 mg/dL in the former group where it was 124.62 ± 9.29 mg/dL in the latter one. There was no significant difference as regard the amniotic fluid volume, gestational age at delivery and mode of delivery. Also, there were no significant difference between the two groups as regard fetal outcomes; the perinatal mortality was 7.1% in oral hypoglycemic group compared to 4.8% in insulin group, and the rate of congenital anomalies was 4.9% in oral group compared to 9.5% in insulin group. Also there was no statistically significant difference as regard neonatal birth weight, neonatal umbilical blood glucose, incidence and duration of admission to NICU. Conclusion: The treatment of gestational diabetes and type-2 diabetes mellitus pregnant ladies with Glibenclamide/ metformin combination or insulin seems to be equivalent for both the mother and newborns.

[Farid I Hassan , Mofeed F Mohamed  and Abdel Raouf A Abonar, Mohamed H Khedr. A comparison of Glibenclamide/Metformin Combination and Insulin for the Management of the Diabetes Mellitusn during singleton Pregnancy. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):80-84]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.14.

Keywords: Diabetes; Metformin; Glibenclamide

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Analyzing Marketing System of Rice in Punjab, Pakistan

Zohaib Jabbar¹, Ahmad Bilal^1**, Muhammad Fahad Latif², Ali Imtiaz³, Rao Muhammad Tariq⁴

¹Institute of Business Management sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Hainan, Haikou, China.

⁴Institute of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

**Corresponding author’s email: bilalvirk173@gmail.com

Abstract: Total geographical area of Pakistan is 79.61 Million hectares out of which the area under cultivation is 22.04 million hectares. In this cultivated area 8.9 million hectare is used for crop cultivation and rice covers 10% (0.89 million hectare) of this area. This study general objective is to investigate the marketing chain of rice in Lahore and Gujranwala districts of Punjab, Pakistan. These Study areas were selected purposively which are the best rice producing regions. Specifically, this study proposed on the basis of marketing system upgrading; analyze marketing system of the rice economic efficiency; assessing the sharing of profits and margins and; identify problems and recommend the appropriate measures to improve marketing system of rice. Questionnaires were well developed and pre-tested. Primary data were collected from 2 major rice producing districts in which Lahore and Gujranwala were included and in which 110 rice actors were selected for the investigation. In addition, personal interviews were undertaken with 110 selected key actors along with the chain i.e. Farmers, commission agents/wholesalers (paddy rice), millers, wholesalers (edible white rice) and retailers. Analysis of data involved some different techniques like players’ linkage matrix, profitability analyses and marketing margin. It was found that the wholesalers enjoying the greatest share of marketing margin as compared to the farmers. This indicates unfair distribution of the benefits between actors, where reward toward traders were very higher than producers. The net margin of producers was 627.21, the net market margin of commission agents/wholesalers (paddy rice) were 82.33, the net market margin of miller was 630, the market margin of wholesalers (edible white rice) were 62.5 and net margin of retailers were 682 RS/ 40 This education recommended trained labor in the field and farmer’s education. This study also recommended the government to make the policy in such a manner to distribute the fair shares between all the actors which they deserve. Moreover, lack of suitable agricultural infrastructure as well as the systems of market information was detected to be policy concerns critical areas. Policies for providing the subsidies and microcredit institutions proceeding credits provision to rural growers were also suggested to improve the productivity of rice through capacitating smallholder growers to use up-to-date agricultural machinery. Appropriate statistical techniques had been employed to analyze the collected data in order to evaluate the marketing system of rice in Punjab.

[Zohaib Jabbar, Ahmad Bilal, Muhammad Fahad Latif, Ali Imtiaz, Rao Muhammad Tariq. Analyzing Marketing System of Rice in Punjab, Pakistan. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):85-95]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.15.

Key words: Rice, Punjab, Marketing chain

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Protective Effect of Folic Acid on Prenatal & Postnatal Toxicity of Cisplatin on Spinal Cord '' A light and electron microscopic study ''

Saadia A. Shalaby, Essam M. Eid, Omar A. Aziz Allam, Naglaa A. S. Sarg and Abulmaaty M. Elsayed

Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.

dr.abulmaaty@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: cisplatin is used in chemotherapy of different cancers because of its apoptotic effects and its ability to generate Reactive Oxygen Species, but its usage during pregnancy is restricted because of its side effects including many malformations. As folic acid supplementation decreases the incidence of the neural defects caused by certain drugs as progesterone, this work investigates the possible protective effect of folic acid on cisplatin toxicity on spinal cord. Material & methods: I- (Prenatal group): Thirty pregnant rats were subdivided into three equal subgroups: A. prenatal control subgroup: received saline. B. Prenatal cisplatin subgroup: were injected intraperitoneally with the therapeutic dose of Cisplatin (1 mg /kg) on alternate days. C. Prenatal cisplatin & folic acid subgroup: They were injected intraperitoneally with Cisplatin Plus folic acid (400 microgram) by the nasogastric tube. The fetuses were obtained by caesarian section 2 days after the last dose to get the spinal cord.II- (Postnatal group): Thirty pregnant rats were subdivided into three equal subgroups A-Postnatal control subgroup: pups received saline from 1^st day of delivery. B-Postnatal cisplatin subgroup: pups were injected intraperitoneally with the therapeutic dose of Cisplatin (1mg/gm.) on alternate days from 1^st day of delivery. C-Postnatal cisplatin & folic acid subgroup: pups were injected intraperitoneally with the therapeutic dose of Cisplatin Plus folic acid in a dose of (400 microgram) by gastric tube. The specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Results: Light microscopic observations: The spinal cord show signs of cisplatin toxicity in the form of degeneration & disfigurement of the grey matter with spots of hemorrhage. The neurons of the ventral horn have piknotic nuclei and surrounded by vacuolated white matter. The spinal cord of the folic acid groups show improvement which appear in the arrangement of the grey matter in dorsal and ventral horns. The central canal also become well defined and patent the neurons of the anterior horn have large nuclei and prominent nucleolus, thevacuoles in the white matter are less than that of the cisplatin group. Electron microscopic observations: the cisplatin affects the neurons which appear distorted with shrunken eccentric piknotic nuclei that consist mainly of heterochromatin. The nucleus is surrounded by irregular nuclear membrane. the cytoplasm of these neuron is full of vacuoles and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The myelinated axons surrounding the neurons are vacuolated with destructed myelin sheath. The folic acid treated group show the neuron with signs of improvement which appear in the nucleus which consists of abundant euchromatin and less heterochromatin with regular nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm of these neurons contains multiple healthy mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus with no vacuoles; the myelinated axons are surrounded by intact myelin sheath. Conclusion: cisplatin has a potent toxic effect on the developing spinal cord which may extend to the degeneration of the spinal cord. Folic acid can alter this toxicity and protect the developing spinal cord.

[Saadia A. Shalaby, Essam M. Eid, Omar A. Aziz Allam, Naglaa A. S. Sarg and Abulmaaty M. Elsayed. Protective Effect Of Folic Acid On Prenatal & Postnatal Toxicity Of Cisplatin On Spinal Cord '' A light and electron microscopic study ''. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):96-104]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.16.

Keywords: cisplatin – spinal cord – folic acid.

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Estimation of Integrity of the Vital Organs during Assessment of Cardio Vascular Endurance Test for Soccer Youngsters

Dr. Ahmed Dobai

Assistant professor in Biological Sciences and Sports Health Dep, Faculty of Physical Education for boys and girls, Port Said University. ah_dobai@hotmail.com

Abstract: Aim of the study was to estimation of integrity of the vital organs during assessment of cardio vascular endurance test for soccer youngsters, the researcher used the descriptive method due to the suitability of the nature of the study, (20) young soccer players were chosen from Port Fouad club under (15) years to participate in the study, the participants were subjected to (12) minutes cycling test, (5) ml blood were withdrawn from the veins before and after test to estimation of CPK, ALT, AST, cortisol and testosterone, beside measuring cardiac output, results indicated increased AST more than ALT and elevated CPK and cardiac output also increased cortisol after test indicated physical and mental stress and show how the person receives a particular blood as for testosterone it uses with exercise intensity, in conclusion the assessment of cardio vascular endurance test may be used for estimation of integrity of the vital organs namely the heart, the liver and the skeletal muscles for soccer youngsters, it is recommended to use cardio vascular endurance test for estimation of integrity of the vital organs of the body in different sports.
[Ahmed Dobai. Estimation of Integrity of the Vital Organs during Assessment of Cardio Vascular Endurance Test for Soccer Youngsters. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):105-108]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.17.

Key words: Vital organs - Cardio vascular endurance test- Soccer youngsters

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Endovascular Techniques for Different Morphological Types of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms

Prof. Dr. Mohamad Hazem El Shazly, Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Gamil Ewaiss, Dr. Ehab Adel Badawy and Osama Ali Kotp Mohammad Ghazalah

Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University

Dr.osamh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Endovascular techniques of embolization of different morphological types of anterior circulation aneurysms as regard width to neck ratio, dome and neck branches involvement. Methods: Retrospective and prospective review of anterior circulation aneurysms treated by endovascular procedures in Al-Azhar University Endovascular Center and other centers. Results: Twenty eight patients met inclusion criteria. Fourteen medium sized, nine small, four large and one giant aneurysm. Seventeen narrow necks, eleven wide-necks and seven have involved branches in neck. Twenty three cases were treated with coiling, three cases were treated with stent-assisted coiling and two cases were treated with stenting as flow diverter. Conclusion: Pre-procedural conscious patients with GCS15 or 14 associated with better outcome. Pcom A, Ophthalmic and Choroidal aneurysms were associated with better outcome after endovascular procedures. Coiling of narrow neck aneurysms was associated with better outcome.

[Mohamad Hazem El Shazly, Ibrahim Gamil Ewaiss, Ehab Adel Badawy and Osama Ali Kotp Mohammad Ghazalah. Endovascular Techniques for Different Morphological Types of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms. Nat Sci 2018;16(4):109-113]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160418.18.

Keywords: Cerebral aneurysm, endovascular techniques, wide-neck aneurysm, coiling, anterior circulation aneurysm.

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