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Assessment of ovarian vascularization in women with PCOS and normal ovarian morphology by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography and correlation with ICSI outcome

Prof. Asem Anwar Abdou Moussa¹, Prof. Abdel Sattar Mohammed Ibrahim Farhan¹, Dr. Mohammed Ibrahim Mostafa², Hatem Mahmoud Hamdy Hassan².

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt

² Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, El-Galaa Maternity Teaching Hospital, Egypt

Hatem_mhhyahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: Assessment of correlation between ovarian vascularization in women with PCOS and normal ovary and ICSI outcome. Patients and Methods: This study included 60 patients recruited from El. Galaa Assisted Reproductive unit and the patients was divided into PCOS group (n=30) and normal group (n=30). All patients first underwent assessment of the right and left ovary using 3D power Doppler ultrasonography, then patients will undergo ICSI treatment regimen. Finally correlation between 3D power Doppler ultrasonography findings and ICSI outcome, then data were set for statistical analysis. Result: In comparison between the two groups, there was a statistical significant difference as regarding LH and FSH serum level, ovarian volume, VI, FI, VFI, MG, number of follicles at collection, number of pronuclei embryos and number of embryos transferred. Correlation between 3D power doppler finding and ICSI outcome in the PCOS group in the right ovary revealed strong positive correlation between vascularization index and number of pronuclei embryo. Another weak positive correlation between vascularization flow index and clinical pregnancy rate was found. ). In the left ovary a strong positive correlation was found between mean gray value and incidence of OHSS (r=0.52, p<0.05). There is also significant weak negative correlation between vascularization flow index and total dose of gonadotropin (r= -0.49, p<0.05). Also, there is a significant weak positive correlation between vascularization flow index and incidence of OHSS. Conclusion: Evaluation of the ovarian stromal vascularity by 3D power Doppler will further increase our knowledge of this syndrome.

[Asem Anwar Abdou Moussa, Abdel Sattar Mohammed Ibrahim Farhan, Mohammed Ibrahim Mostafa, Hatem Mahmoud Hamdy Hassan. Assessment of ovarian vascularization in women with PCOS and normal ovarian morphology by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography and correlation with ICSI outcome. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):1-10]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.01.

Keywords: Assessment; ovarian; vascularization; women; ovarian morphology; Doppler ultrasonography; ICSI outcome

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The Role of Detection of Endometrial and Subendometrial Vasculature on the Day of Embryo Transfer in Prediction of Pregnancy During ICSI Cycles

Prof. Dr. Asem Anwar Mousa¹, Prof. Dr. Abd El-Satar Mohamed Farhan¹, Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mostafa², Mostafa Mahmoud Monib El-Shazly²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, El Galaa Teaching Hospital, Egypt.

shazly-junior@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: Successful implantation depends on interaction between a blast cyst and a receptive endometrium. Endometrial vasculature is important in the early endometrial response to blast cyst implantation, and vascular changes can affect uterine receptivity. This study aims to investigate whether vascular parameters measured using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D PD-US) could predict pregnancy following fresh intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (ICSIe ET) using a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 100 infertile women recruited from those attending the outpatient clinics of assisted reproduction unit in El Galaa Teaching hospital during the period between June 2017 and December 2018.3D PD-US examinations were performed on the day of embryo transfer. Main outcomes were endometrial volume (EV), vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) of the endometrium and subendometrial region. Measurements were analyzed relative to ICSIeET outcome (pregnant vs. nonpregnant). Results: No significant differences were observed in patient age, infertility duration, body mass index (BMI), basal FSH levels, number of transferred embryos, or endometrial thickness between the two groups. The pregnant group had higher endometrial V, VI, FI, and VFI scores than the nonpregnant group. By contrast, subendometrial region V, VI, FI, and VFI scores were same for both groups. Conclusion: Three-dimensional PD-US was a useful and effective method for assessing endometrial blood flow in ICSI cycles. Good endometrial blood flow on the day of embryo transfer might be associated with high pregnancy success with a GnRH long protocol, because this is indicative of endometrial receptivity in fresh ICSI cycles.

[Asem Anwar Mousa^, Abd El-Satar Mohamed Farhan^, Mohamed Ibrahim Mostafa, Mostafa Mahmoud Monib El-Shazly. The Role of Detection of Endometrial and Subendometrial Vasculature on the Day of Embryo Transfer in Prediction of Pregnancy During ICSI Cycles. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):11-18]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.02.

Keywords: Role; Detection; Endometrial; Subendometrial; Vasculature; Embryo; Transfer; Pregnancy

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True Umbilical versus Open Hasson Technique Access for Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Prof. Dr. Khaled Zaky Mansour¹, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Hazem Helmy², Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Hassan Rady¹, Dr. Ahmed Fouad Emam Amer¹, Dr. Hesham Abdel Aziz Elmeligy², Dr. Rami Hassan Mohammed Hassan^1*

¹General Surgery Department^, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

² Theodor Bilhariz Research Institute, Egypt

^* Corresponding author: Rami Hassan Mohammed Hassan, E-mail: ramyhassan060@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard in the treatment of symptomatic gall stones, the major advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy include less postoperative pain, less time required for hospitalization and recovery, and better cosmetic results. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare True Umbilical versus Open Hasson technique access for pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy as regards Timing, Cosmetics, Pain control and Complications. Patients and Methods: This study included (80) patients with chronic calcular cholecystitis operated upon for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the period from September 2018 to February 2019 at the general surgery department, Ain Shams University hospitals and Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI). Results: In this study the operative time For umbilical port site entry in seconds in true umbilical technique (Group A) Mean±SD was 40.3 ± 1.2 compared with open Hasson technique (Group B) 131.9±5.5 with significant value of importance for True umbilical technique (Group A). (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: True Umbilical technique access for establishing pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is quick for port entry & closure, safe, reliable, simple, easy to learn with minimal post operative pain. So, provide surgeons with an effective and safe mean to insert the first trocar.

[Khaled Zaky Mansour, Ahmed Hazem Helmy, Mohamed Ahmed Hassan Rady, Ahmed Fouad Emam Amer, Hesham Abdel Aziz Elmeligy, Rami Hassan Mohammed Hassan. True Umbilical versus Open Hasson Technique Access for Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):19-26]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.03.

Keywords: True Umbilical, Open Hasson Technique, Pneumoperitoneum, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

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Double-gate LDMOSFET High-voltage Devices for Medium Voltage Applications

Mohamed M. EL-Dakroury¹, Mohamed I. Eladawy¹, Zaki Nossier¹, Yehea I. Ismail², Hamdy Abdelhamid²

¹Electronics, Communications, Computer Engineering Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Center of Nano-electronics and Devices, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6^th October City, Egypt.

Email: mdakroury@h-eng.helwan.edu.eg

Abstract: A one-dimensional compact model of a double-gate LDMOSFET is presented in this work. The impact of controlling the drift region resistance by controlling the bias and/or gate metal work function of a separately added second gate of the LDMOSFET electrostatics is investigated. Compact models for the charges and currents are introduced. The effect of the second gate on the current-voltage characteristics and different capacitances, are studied in this work. Numerical simulation emphasized the effect of second gate bias on current-voltage characteristics and showed its effect on capacitances. The results of the study show that by controlling bias of the second gate, DC and AC characteristics pronounced as current and capacitances can be altered to obtain an optimized device performance based on requirement.

[Mohamed M. EL-Dakroury, Mohamed I. Eladawy, Zaki Nossier, Yehea I. Ismail, Hamdy Abdelhami. Double-gate LDMOSFET High-voltage Devices for Medium Voltage Applications. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):27-31]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.04.

Keywords: LDMOSFET, on-resistance, double-gate, High-voltage devices

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An audit on pregnancy outcome in Al-Zahraa University Hospital Al-Azhar University during (2015)

Magdy Abd El-Mohsen Olama¹, Nahed Ezzat Mahmoud¹ and Hanan Mohammed Gaber Hassan²

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Resident of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Bolak General Hospital, Giza, Egypt

hanangaberhikal@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Obstetric practice promotes health and wellbeing of the pregnant women and her fetus. Audits are a quality improvement measure and one of the 7 pillars of clinical governance. It allows organizations to continually work toward improving quality of care by showing them where they are falling short, allows them to implement improvements. Aim of the work: To determine, outline and assess factor contributing to maternal mortality and morbidity especially avoidable factors in patients admitted to obstetric emergency wards in Al-Zahraa Hospital during period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015. Study design: This is a retrospective study of all cases admitted at Al zahraa University Hospital (Emergency obstetric unit) in 2015. Population of the study: all patients who admitted to Al Zahraa Hospital in A span of one year (from 1 January, 2015, to 31 December, 2015) were enrolled in this retrospective study. There was no exclusion criteria.3454 medical records were enrolled in the study. Data were collected in case record files for statistical analysis, Inclusion Criteria; All patient admitted to obstetric wards of Al zahraa hospital during year (2015), Exclusion criteria; No cases were excluded. Results: Cesarean Section (55.04%), Term labour (19.77%), Post term labour (11.46%), Preterm labour (6.89%), Abortion (6.46%), Ectopic pregnancy (0.26%) and Vesicular Molecule (0.12%) of type of delivery. Emergency CS were (53%) more than elective (47%), previous CS was the commonest cause of elective CS (45%), while previous CS in labor was the commonest cause of emergency CS, post partumhaemorrhage was the commonest complication in both NVD and CS (0.75%) and (1.6%), all methods of advanced operative intervention was done, intra uterine balloon (0.2%), uterine artery ligation (0.15%), internal iliac artery ligation (0.05%), B lynch suture (0.05%) and cesarean hysterectomy (0.14%). blood transfusion was (0.8%), NICU admission was (9.9%). Types of miscarriage, Inevitable (42.60%), Incomplete (25.11%) Missed abortion (21.97%), Blighted ovum (8.97%), Septic (0.45%), The mean age group of the study was (25-30), (32.1%) The highest rate was in P1-2 (51.5%), while the lowest was in P7-9 (0.1%). The commonest medical disorder was hypertensive disorder (3.7%).

[Magdy Abd El-Mohsen Olama, Nahed Ezzat Mahmoud and Hanan Mohammed Gaber Hassan. An audit on pregnancy outcome in Al-Zahraa University Hospital Al-Azhar University during (2015). Nat Sci 2019;17(10):32-42]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.05.

Keywords: audit; pregnancy; outcome; Al-Zahraa University; Hospital; Al-Azhar University

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Platelet Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars

Elhawary Esraa E.¹, Kato Abdullah M. ¹, Nassar Samia O. ¹, Hodeib Abeer A.¹ and Shareef Mohamed M. ²

¹ Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

² Department of pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

Abstract: Background: Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) is known to enhance wound healing and has applications in many fields of medicine including treatment of atrophic acne scars. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Patients and Methods: Twenty patients with atrophic post acne scars received intradermal PRP injection sessions. Each patient received 3 sessions at monthly intervals. The final clinical assessment took place 3 months after the last session. Results: PRP treated patients had some improvement of their atrophic acne scars. Conclusion: This study concluded that PRP can be a safe and easy method of treatment of mild atrophic acne scars.

[Elhawary Esraa E., Kato Abdullah M., Nassar Samia O., Hodeib Abeer A. and Shareef Mohamed M. Platelet Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):43-46]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.06.

Keywords: Platelet Rich Plasma; Treatment; Atrophic Acne Scar

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Ultrasound Guided Bilateral Transperineal Pudendal Nerve Block versus Conventional Blind Technique for Elective Perineal Surgeries: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Aliaa Mohammad El Melegy¹, Anesthesiology²

¹Abdelraheem Mostafa Dowidar, Hoda Al said Ezzand Rehab Said El Kalla

²Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Pudendal Nerve Block (PNB) may be associated with reduced length of patient stay in hospital, reduced oral analgesic consumption, and improved patient satisfaction over other methods of analgesia. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the ultrasound (US) guided bilateral transperineal PNB with the conventional blind technique as adjuvant to general anesthesia (GA) for patients scheduled for elective perineal surgeries. Patients and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 68 patients aged from 18 to 60 years of both gender, 50-100 kg, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I and II scheduled to undergo elective perineal surgeries and they were randomly enrolled into 2 equal groups; group I: (US guided PNB) and group II: (Conventional blind PNB). After induction of GA, preemptive bilateral transperineal PNB was done either by US or by nerve stimulator guidance. Results: Duration of the techniques was significantly longer with US guided technique. Ease of identification of sonographic anatomic structures was good in 73.5%, fair in 17.6 % and poor in 8.8%. Isoflurane consumption was significantly higher in group II. Entropy recording did not show any significant difference between the two groups at any time. Significant hemodynamic stabilization (MAP and HR) was with US group both intra and postoperatively in comparison with group II up to 18 hours. VAS was significantly decreased at 12 and 18 hours postoperatively in US group. Total postoperative morphine consumption was significantly lower in US group. Conclusion: PNB either by US or nerve stimulator guidance presented an excellent adjuvant to GA for patient undergoing wide range of perineal surgeries, however the US guidance technique was superior to nerve stimulator one as regard nerve visualization and localization, intra and postoperative analgesic efficacy and reduced postoperative opioid requirements.

[Aliaa Mohammad El Melegy, Anesthesiology. Ultrasound Guided Bilateral Transperineal Pudendal Nerve Block versus Conventional Blind Technique for Elective Perineal Surgeries: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):47-58]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.07.

Keywords: Pudendal Nerve Block- Ultrasound Guided - Conventional Blind - Perineal Surgeries

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Disordered Eating Attitudes and its Determinants among Samples of Egyptian Adolescents from Different Governorates

Safaa El-Hussien Tawfik¹, Eman El-Sayed Habib¹ ,  Maysa A. Samy²

¹ Clinical Nutrition Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt

² Growth and Nutritional Requirement Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt

eme.habib@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: the purpose of this study is to assess the current status of disordered eating attitudes and its related factors among Egyptian adolescence from different governorates, in order to provide a basis for health intervention. Methods: This is convenient cross-sectional study including of 852 subjects (373 male and 479 female), aged 11-18 years selected from some governmental and private schools and community recreation centers belonging to nine Egyptians governorate. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires which consist of general information and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). An EAT-26 score of 20 or higher indicated that a person has disordered eating attitudes. Their anthropometric measurements were assessed after obtaining their consent Data were analyzed using the SPSS21software. Non parametric tests were used to assess positive and negative EAT respondents. Results: In this survey, the proportion of disordered eating attitudes among boys, girls, total students were 26.27%, 66.89% and 34.04%, respectively. An interesting finding was that the girls students are more likely to have disordered eating attitudes compared to boys. Our results show inverse relation between level of education of parents and disordered eating attitudes. We found that 67.9% feel that other pressure them to eat, 40% feel that food control their lives and 19.7% have impulse to vomit after meals. Brothers, sisters, trainers, TV and radio are the most factors that have impact on weight change in positive group of disordered eating. Conclusions: This study is the first to examine the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes in different Egyptian cities and governorates. Family members and sports coaches appear to play significant roles in changing adolescents norms. The Mother and father’s educational status was also found to be an important factor of developing eating attitude disorders among adolescents. We hope the findings of the present study will provide base line data regarding disordered eating for other researchers.

[Safaa El-Hussien Tawfik, Eman El-Sayed Habib, Maysa A. Sam. Disordered Eating Attitudes and its Determinants among Samples of Egyptian Adolescents from Different Governorates. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):59-69]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.08.

Keywords: Disordered Eating Attitudes; Determinant; Sample; Egyptian; Adolescent; Governorate

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Carbon Dioxide Gap as an Endpoint of Post-Operative Haemodynamic Optimisation versus Central Venous Oxygen Saturation in High-Risk Surgical Patients: Aprospective study

Dr: Hussin Gamal Elmawardy; Dr. Mohamed Samir Abd El Ghaffar; Prof. Ghada Fouad El-Baradey and Prof. Salah El-Din Ibrahim El-Sherif

Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.

hussingamal75@gmail.com

Abstract: Subjective: efficacy of using carbon dioxide gap versus central venous oxygen saturation as an endpoint of hemodynamic optimization in high-risk patients. Methods and Material: study was carried out in Tanta University Hospitals in ICU unit from October 2016 to October 2018, Elderly>70years undergoing major surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologist ≥III undergoing major surgery, Complicated major surgery (vascular injury, organ tear), and emergency upper abdominal surgery patients were enrolled in to the study. Patients were randomized into two groups. Group I: patients were hemodynamically optimized to achieve central venous to arterial carbon dioxide gap (ΔCO2) <6 mmHg. Group II: patients were hemodynamically optimized to achieve central venous oxygen saturation≥70%. Results: There was no significant difference as regards demographic data, type of surgery, the total dose of norepinephrine or dobutamine or blood transfused. Organ dysfunction and mortality were significantly lower in group I. values of ΔCO2 in high-risk surgical patients at admission predicted organ dysfunction better than ScvO2 or serum lactate values. Conclusions: postoperative hemodynamic optimization guided by ΔCO2 <6mmmHg compared to ScvO2 ≥70% in high-risk surgical patients reduced organ dysfunction, mortality, post-operative complications. Values of ΔCO2≥6mmHg at admission to ICU predicted organ dysfunction better than ScvO2 <70% or serum lactate ≥2mmol/l.

[Hussin Gamal Elmawardy; Mohamed Samir Abd El Ghaffar; Ghada Fouad El-Baradey and Salah El-Din Ibrahim El-Sherif. Carbon Dioxide Gap as an Endpoint of Post-Operative Haemodynamic Optimisation versus Central Venous Oxygen Saturation in High-Risk Surgical Patients: Aprospective study. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):70-76]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.09.

Keywords: Carbon Dioxide; Gap; Endpoint; Post-Operative; Haemodynamic; Optimisation; Central Venous; Oxygen; Saturation; High-Risk; Surgical; Patient; Aprospective study

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Evaluation of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Level as a prognostic factor of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients under Therapy

Mohammed Fouad¹, Magdy Zaky El Ghanam¹, Ebrahim Ali Ebrahim² and Mahmoud Farag salem¹,

¹Departement of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Damietta), Egypt

²Departement of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Cairo), Egypt

Abstract: This study was performed to examine possible use of thymidine kinase 1 concentration in serum (STK1) as a prognostic factor of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients following chemotherapy treatment. Methods: The STK1 levels of 50 patients were determined by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay before chemotherapy, and after start of the treatment. Results: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of TK1 in serum showed high specificity and sensitivity. The mean STK1 level of the non Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients was significantly higher compared to healthy persons (p < 0.001). The mean STK1 level increased significantly (p < 0.001) Before therapy and after therapy declined, reaching values corresponding to those of healthy persons. The mean STK1 values before treatment and after start of the treatment also correlated significantly with five-year survival. Conclusion: Although the number of patients was limited in this study, TK1 in serum might possess an important in this study, TK1 in serum might possess an important reference value in the evaluation of treatment and prognosis of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma following chemotherapy.

[Mohammed Fouad, Magdy Zaky El Ghanam, Ebrahim Ali Ebrahim and Mahmoud Farag salem. Evaluation of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Level as a prognostic factor of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients under Therapy. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):77-80]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.10.

Key Words: Thymidine kinase 1, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Chemotherapy, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

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Effect of Fermentation on Aflatoxin Concentration in Egusi Local Product (Ogiri)

Obani, F. T¹²³*., Atehnkeng, J. ², Ikotun, B¹. and Bandyopadhyay²

Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: tochyfloxy@gmail.com; Telephone: +2348067214263

Abstract: Ogiri is an important soup condiment processed by fermenting egusi (melon) kernels in Nigeria. Aspergillus flavus infected egusi kernels (EK) are often contaminated with carcinogenic aflatoxins. Processing food by fermentation reduces aflatoxin in the end product. However, information on processing egusi to reduce aflatoxin concentration (AC) is limited. Hence, fate of AC in ogiri processed with contaminated EK was investigated. Highly contaminated market and artificially inoculated EK were wetted with sterile distilled water and wrapped with nylon sheets and allowed to ferment (35 days period). Control samples were not fermented. At 7 days interval, samples were collected and analysed for aflatoxin in three replicates using standard analytical methods. After 7 days of fermentation, AC (6.4ng/g) was significantly reduced compared to the control (93.4ng/g) amounting to 93.0% reduction in AC. After a 35 day fermentation period AC was reduced to 2.9ng/g which corresponded to 97.0% reduction. There is significant difference (P = 0.05) between the aflatoxin in the control and the various fermented samples. Artificially inoculated samples gave similar results. After 7 days of fermentation, aflatoxin was 515.0ng/g while control was 11011.3ng/ resulting to 49% reduction of aflatoxin. Concentrations of aflatoxin reduced with increase in the fermentation period. This trend continued as the days progressed. After 35 days fermentation, aflatoxin was 57.7ng/g, (94% reduction). Fermentation of contaminated EK reduced aflatoxin contamination. Consumption of fermented egusi (ogiri) can reduce risk of aflatoxin exposure since up to 90% reduction can be obtained.

[Obani, F. T., Atehnkeng, J., Ikotun, B. and Bandyopadhya. Effect of Fermentation on Aflatoxin Concentration in Egusi Local Product (Ogiri). Nat Sci 2019;17(10):81-86]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.11.

Keywords: Aflatoxin, contaminated egusi kernels, fermentation period, ogiri

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Comparative Study between Pre-operative Magnesium Sulphate versus Dronedarone for Prophylaxis against Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Mohamed S. Zaki, Mostafa G. Mahran, Amr S. Emam

Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management

Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University

dr.3mrsala7@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) varies according to the type of surgery. POAF is the most commonly observed arrhythmia after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and prolonged hospitalization due to hemodynamic instability and thromboembolic complications. Aim of the work: to conduct a comparative study between magnesium sulphate (Mgso4) versus Dronedarone reducing incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients and methods: This comparative study was performed in the cardiac operating room and ICU of Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study was performed on 60 patients who had undergone successful CABG. The local Ethics Committee approved of the study, and personal informed consent was taken. Methods of drug administrations, dosages were assessed. Also, Specific clinical interventions and follow-up was determined. The primary outcome was incidence of postoperative AF. Supraventricular arrhythmias other than AF (e.g. tachycardia’s and atrial flutter) and all other nonatrial arrhythmias were excluded. Results: There were no statistical difference among the both groups in terms of demographic, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory parameters. Incidence of AF was more common in 2^nd group (36.7%) versus (23.33%) in first group with significant statistical difference between both groups. Conclusion: Postoperative AF is a common complication for contemporary patients undergoing CABG. The use of Mg to prevent AF after CABG was statistically significant and appears to reduce risk of atrial fibrillation after cardiothoracic surgery and is free of significant adverse events.

[Mohamed S. Zaki, Mostafa G. Mahran, Amr S. Emam. Comparative Study between Pre-operative Magnesium Sulphate versus Dronedarone for Prophylaxis against Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery bypass grafting (CABG). Nat Sci 2019;17(10):87-93]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.12.

Key words: Magnesium Sulphate, Dronedarone, Prophylaxis Atrial Fibrillation, CABG

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Comparative Study between Volume Preload versus Ephedrine Infusion for Prevention of Hypotension Due to Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean Section

Prof. Samia Abdel Mohsen Abdel Latif, Dr. Amal Hamed Abdel Hamid Rabie, Dr. Ahmed Abdel Dayem Abdel Haak, Omnia Samy Mohamed Elkordy

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Omnia_samy1@hotmail.com

Abstract: A caesarean section (C-section), is a form of childbirth in which a surgical incision is made through a mother's abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more babies. It is usually performed when a vaginal delivery would lead to medical complications. The anesthetic plan for cesarean delivery should take into account the well-being of two patients: the mother and the fetus. Regional anesthesia is the most common method of anesthesia for delivery because it allows the mother to be awake and immediately interact with her baby. It is also safer for the mother than general anesthesia. Regional anesthesia is used for 95 percent of planned cesarean deliveries in the United States. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ephedrine infusion versus preload crystalloid administration in reducing the incidence of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia. This study was conducted in the obstetric department of Al Matarya Teaching Hospital on fifty parturient undergoing elective caesarean section after the approval of the ethical medical committee. A written consent was taken from all patients who were either class II according to the classification of the American society of Anesthesiologists ASA II. This study was a prospective double blind randomized controlled study where the patients were allocated into 2 equal groups 25 patients each. We concluded that prophylactic IV Ephedrine infusion is more effective than fluid preload in prevention of hypotension due to spinal anesthesia for cesarean section without causing significant tachycardia or hypertension.

[Samia Abdel Mohsen Abdel Latif, Amal Hamed Abdel Hamid Rabie, Ahmed Abdel Dayem Abdel Haak, Omnia Samy Mohamed Elkordy. Comparative Study between Volume Preload versus Ephedrine Infusion for Prevention of Hypotension Due to Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean Section. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):94-99]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.13.

Keywords：Comparative Study; Preload; versus; Ephedrine Infusion; Prevention; Hypotension

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Comparative Study of GATA3 and CD147 Expression in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma

Nehal Abd El-Ghaffar Heabah, M.Sc., Mohammed Farid Aref, M.D, Mohamed Alaa Mokhtar, M.D, Mohamed Moustafa Shareef, M.D, Ahlam Mohamed Abo El-Enain, M.D.

Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

nehalghaffar@yahoo.com, nehal.heaba@med.Tanta.edu.eg

Abstract: Introduction: Urinary bladder carcinoma is a common urologic malignancy, particularly in males. We studied GATA3 and CD147experssionin relation to tumor grade and stage, with special emphasis on the diagnostic role of GATA3 in urinary bladder carcinoma. Materials and methods: Paraffin blocks from 85 cases of bladder carcinoma: 69 urothelial carcinoma cases, 10 squamous cell carcinoma cases, 5 adenocarcinoma cases and one case neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma, were stained by GATA3 and CD147 immunohistochemical markers. Results: GATA3 exhibited high sensitivity (87%) and specificity (100%) as a diagnostic marker for urothelial carcinoma. Strong GATA3 expression had been found in all cases of low grade, plasmacytoid, microcystic, micro-papillary and clear cell urothelial carcinoma, while showed a range of sensitivity as a marker for urothelial carcinomas with variant morphologic features as squamous and sarcomatoid differentiation. A statistically significant relations were found between GATA3 expression and tumor grade (P-value=0.010) and stage (P-value=0.006). Decreased GATA3 expression was associated with high grade, muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. Regarding CD147 expression, positive CD147 staining was significantly associated with high tumor grade (P-value=0.001) and muscle invasion (P-value=0.001). There was an inverse relationship between GATA3 and CD147 (P-value=0.032). Conclusions: GATA3 seemed to be a valuable tool in confirming the urothelial origin of microcystic, micropapillary, plasmacytoid and clear cell urothelial carcinoma. A statistically significant relation was found between GATA3 and CD147 expression. Positive CD147 expression was associated with high grade and stage, while GATA3 positive expression was associated with low grade and stage.

[Nehal Abd El-Ghaffar Heabah, Mohammed Farid Aref, Mohamed Alaa Mokhtar, Mohamed Moustafa Shareef, Ahlam Mohamed Abo El-Enain. Comparative Study of GATA3 and CD147 Expression in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):100-111]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.14.

Key words: Urinary bladder carcinoma, GATA3, CD147.

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Balloon catheter dilatation in Otorhinolaryngology

Mahmoud Reda Essa El Malah MD¹, Ahmed Mohammed AbdelghanyMD¹, Ahmed Shehata El said MD¹, Galal Elsayed Hussein Eldeeb MSC²

¹ Department of Otolaryngology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha, Egypt.

² Free medical postgraduate student.

dreldeebonline@Gmail.com

Abstract: Over the years, various tubal surgical techniques have been introduced eg: laser tuboplasty and bypass surgeries but most of which characterized by invasiveness and possible damage to the lining tubal mucosa. These treatments show insufficient results. The introduction of microsurgical and endoscopic techniques as balloon catheter dilatation is a promising option for chronic tubal dysfunction. Transferring this technology in otorhinolaryngology for the dilatation of the obstructed tubes such as Eustachian tube, paranasal sinuses ostium, salivary gland ducts, nasolacrimal duct and others opens the way for more treatment options, especially for chronic tubal disfunctions. The objective of this article is to review and highlight the effectiveness of using balloons for dilatation of tubal and ostial obstructions in otorhinolaryngology.

[Mahmoud Reda Essa El Malah, Ahmed Mohammed Abdelghany, Ahmed Shehata El said, Galal Elsayed Hussein Eldeeb. Balloon catheter dilatation in Otorhinolaryngology. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):112-115]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.15.

Keywords: balloon, catheter, dilatation, duct stenosis.

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Comparison Study between Clipping, Ligasure and Diathermy of Cystic Artery in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Sameh Maaty¹, Fawzy Salah Fawzy¹, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Mohamed²

¹General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

²Gamal Abd El Naser Health Insurance Hospital, Egypt

ahmed_noon@windowslive.com

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of symptomatic gallstones. The advantages of this surgical approach have included a positive impact on the postoperative quality of the patient's life as well as optimal short and long term results. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess safety, and outcome of the division cystic artery by clipping compared with Ligasure and Diathermy for treatment of calcular cholecystitis. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on ninety nine (99) consecutive patients with calcular cholecystits admitted at the general surgery department, Gamal Abd Elnasr health insurance hospital that were managed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy randomly divided into three groups: All patients whom will be operated upon Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with clipping cystic artery (Group 1), All patients whom will be operated upon Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Ligasure (Group 2), All patients whom will be operated upon Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with cauterization diathermy (Group 3). Results: The Data evaluation were based mainly on the comparison between clipping versus Ligasure versus diathermy by laparoscopic cholecystectomy as regard: operative time, blood loss, drain flow, post operative complication. All the parameters were statistically significant. Conclusion: In group A (clipping technique), only one patient had post op. hematoma diagnosed by U/S 1 day post op. which was dealt by follow up U/S 1 week post op. In group B (Ligasure technique), no complication had been recorded, while; In group C (diathermy technique), three patients had post op. hematoma, two of them resolved on follow up by U/S 1 week while last one referred to intervention radiology. The group B (Ligasure technique) is the fastest in op. time followed by group C (diathermy technique) then group A (clipping technique).

[Sameh Maaty, Fawzy Salah Fawzy, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Mohame. Comparison Study between Clipping, Ligasure and Diathermy of Cystic Artery in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):116-123]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.16.

Keywords: Clipping, Ligature, Diathermy, Cystic Artery, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

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Serum sodium as a predictor to the outcome of critically ill cirrhotic patients

Sherif Wadie Nashed Sergios¹, Ashraf Mahmoud Hazem Mohamed¹, Hesham Mahmoud Hasan Darwesh², Marwa Ahmed Khairy Elbeialy¹, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelmaguid Serageldin¹

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine- Ain Shams University, Egypt

²Assistant Professor of Intensive care, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt

Email: dr_ahmed_serag@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: End-stage liver disease is often complicated by hyponatremia. Cirrhotic patients with hyponatremia admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have high mortality rates. This study analyzed the outcomes of critically ill cirrhotic patients and identified the prognostic value of serum sodium concentration. Many investigators have therefore used a variety of tools to predict the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis who admitted to ICU, and these tools included scoring systems (Child-Pugh, SOFA, MELD, APACHE II and APACHE III), hemodynamic variables and their response to therapy and other electrolyte disturbance. Objective: To evaluate the serum sodium levels as a predictor to the outcome of critically ill cirrhotic patients. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis admitted in the ICU of Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Hospital during the period from September 2018 to February 2019. Results: In the present study ascites was seen in (91.6)%, GIT bleeding in (31.6%), Hepatic encephalopathy in (60%), hepatorenal syndrome in (20%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (20%), jaundice (48.3%) and hepatocellular carcinoma in (28.3%) of patients. There was a significant association between hyponatremia and hepatocellular carcinoma & jaundice. There was no significant association between hyponatremia and ascites or GIT bleeding or Hepatic encephalopathy or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Conclusion: The prognosis for cirrhotic patients with serum sodium concentrations below the normal range (≤135 mmol/L) admitted to ICU was very poor. This study also found that the presence of serum sodium ≤135 mEq / L in critically ill cirrhotic patients upon admission to ICU is associated with a high rate of Hepatocellular carcinoma, Jaundice, hypoalbuminemia, hyperkalemia, higher severity of illness scores (Child-Pugh) and higher serum lactate level compared with patients with serum sodium >135mmol/L which was correlated with higher mortality among patients with low sodium. The results of this study verify that a finding of serum sodium concentration ≤135 mmol/L in cirrhotic patients on the first day of ICU admission should be considered an indicator of negative outcome.

[Sherif Wadie Nashed Sergios, Ashraf Mahmoud Hazem Mohamed, Hesham Mahmoud Hasan Darwesh, Marwa Ahmed Khairy Elbeialy, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelmaguid Serageldi. Serum sodium as a predictor to the outcome of critically ill cirrhotic patients. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):124-130]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.17.

Keywords: Sodium, Adenosinemonophosphate, Child —Pugh score

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Role of Imatinib in Treatment of GIST

Khaled A. Elfiky, Wadie B. Gerges, George B. Gabra

Department of General Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

gogozoza2020@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumor located in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Characteristically, most GISTs (> 95%) are positive for KIT (CD117) protein staining. Imatinib (also known as “Gleevec” or “Glivec”), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was called as “magical bullet,” when it revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in 2001. Aim of the Work: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dose of imatinib treatment for patients with GISTs, a meta-analysis was performed. Materials and Methods: this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and (Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are a reporting checklist for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. Results: the overall effect estimates favoured Imatinib 400mg compared to no treatment in term of recurrent-free survival and overall survival Conclusion: adjuvant Imatinib is effective in patients with high risk GISTs, with tolerable safety profile.

[Khaled A. Elfiky, Wadie B. Gerges, George B. Gabra. Role of Imatinib in Treatment of GIST. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):131-139]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.18.

Key words: Imatinib, treatment, GIST

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Safety and Efficacy of Direct Acting Antivirals in Chronic Hepatitis C Cirrhotic Patients with Ascitis or Esophageal Varices

Mo’men M Aboomar¹, Adel A Al-Rakeeb², Arafat A Kassem².

¹ Department of internal medicine, Kobry Elkoba Military Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

² Department of internal medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

docto.momen1995@gmail.com

Abstract: Chronic liver injury of any etiology most commonly results in liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis and portal hypertension with the attendant risks of decompensated liver failure, hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) and death. Therefore, The introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents, has revolutionized the treatment for chronic HCV. Higher cure rates and shorter duration of treatment have been achieved. In our study, we studied safety and efficacy of Daclatasvir and Sofosbuvir combination (±Ribavirin) in chronic hepatitis C cirrhotic patients with ascitis or esophageal varices Methods: one hundred Egyptian patients of HCV with cirrhotic liver disease and ascitis or esophageal varices & fifty age matched cirrhotic patients of HCV without ascites or esophageal varices as a control group were subjected to Careful history talking and full physical examination, Routine laboratory investigations for all liver functions, Hepatitis C RNA quantitation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before the start of treatment, at end of treatment and twelve weeks after treatment to asses for sustained virologic response and Radiological assessment by; (Abdominal ultrasonography) Results: There were statistically high significant PCR changes between the two studied groups regarding SVR and positivity (p < 0.001), a significant difference before treatment (p < 0.05) and a non-significant difference after treatment (p > 0.05). All Patients developed response at the end of treatment (end of treatment response 100 % ), after three month of the end of treatment, seventy six (76%) of responding patients In Group I develop sustained virological response (SVR) and the other twenty four (24%) of patients were relapsers, and fifty (100%) of responding patients In Group II develop sustained virological response (SVR) with zero % of patients were relapsers. There were statistically significant changes between the results of CTP score in cirrhotic patients with ascites and/or esophageal varices. In group I, before treatment, CTP was 14.7 ± 0.50; after treatment, it was 9.90 ± 1.37 and twelve weeks after treatment, it was 8.81 ± 1.54. There were statistically significant changes between the results of MELD score in cirrhotic patients with ascites and/or esophageal varices. In group I, before treatment, MELD was 23.5 ± 1.3; after treatment, it was 17.4 ± 2.3 and 12 weeks after treatment, it was 13.6 ± 2.7. Conclusion 12 weeks of oral treatment with the combination of daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin achieved high SVR rates in cirrhotic patients with ascites and/or esophageal varices (Child-Pugh class C disease). Importantly, SVR rates are in general lower in individuals with decompensated cirrhosis compared to those seen in individuals with compensated cirrhosis (CTP class A). Treatment was well tolerated without treatment-limiting pharmacokinetic interactions or toxicities and was associated with improvements in liver function.

[Mo’men M Aboomar, Adel A Al-Rakeeb, Arafat A Kassem. Safety and Efficacy of Direct Acting Antivirals in Chronic Hepatitis C Cirrhotic Patients with Ascitis or Esophageal Varices. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):140-149]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.19.

Key words: direct acting antivirals, chronic hepatitis C, cirrhotic patients.

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Role of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Intracranial Meningiomas

Suzan Aly Fahmy Swelum, Hala Maghraby Maghraby and Shimaa Mohamed Shaban

Department of Radio Diagnosis and Intervention, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Shimaa_shaban@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To determine the diagnostic value of mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measures to distinguish between benign (grade I) and atypical (grade II) cranial meningiomas. Patients and Methods: eighty patients (22 men and 58 women) with cranial meningiomas were included in the study and underwent MRI examination including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Signal characteristics on conventional MR and diffusion-weighted images were evaluated. The intratumoral mean ADC values were obtained and correlated with the final histopathological findings of the excised tumors. The optimum cutoff value of mean ADC measurements to differentiate between grade I and II was determined using the generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Results: sixty four (80%) meningiomas were benign (WHO grade I), while sixteen (20%) were atypical (grade II). No grade III meningiomas were encountered during the study period. At conventional MRI sequences, some of the features as enhancement pattern, tumor margin, tumor invasion to surrounding had produced a significant statistical correlation with the tumoural grade (p=0.002, 0.001and 0.001 respectively) however there were overlap in the result value. Intratumoral mean ADC values were significantly lower in grade II meningiomas (p < 0.001). The mean ADC value was 0.97 ± 0.15×10−3mm2/s for grade I meningiomas and 0.65 ± 0.13×10−3mm2/s−1 for grade II. According to the generated receiver operating curve (ROC), we determined a threshold of 0.75×10−3mm2/s−1 to produce the best diagnostic performance to distinguish between grade I and II meningiomas (sensitivity 93.75%, specificity 87.5% ). The positive and negative predictive values were 96.8% and 77.8%. Conclusion: The intratumoral mean ADC measurement provides a discriminative feature to discriminate between benign (grade I) and atypical (Grade II) cranial meningiomas.

[Suzan Aly Fahmy Swelum, Hala Maghraby Maghraby and Shimaa Mohamed Shaban. Role of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Intracranial Meningiomas. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):150-154]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.20.

Keywords: Apparent diffusion coefficient-Diffusion-weighted MRI- Meningiomas

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A Comparative Study between Laparoscopic and Open Incisional Ventral Hernia Repair

Khaled Abdallah Al Fiky, Mohamed Mahfouz Mohamed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim Hassan, Eslam Ahmed El Morsi Eweis

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of medicine-Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt

Email: dr_eslameweis@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Incisional hernia is a late complication of laparotomy for which an evidence-based prophylactic approach is still lacking. Postoperatively, incisional hernias occur because of multiple factors. Preoperative co morbidities belong to these risk factors. A risk reduction related to concomitant diseases mostly does not succeed. Objective: to prospectively compare between open and laparoscopic incisional ventral hernia repairs regarding operative and post operative outcomes of both methods. Patients and Methods: This Prospective study represented a comparative analysis between open prosthetic on-lay repairs for incisional ventral hernias and laparoscopic prosthetic repair. Forty patients were included in this prospective study. They were selected from the out-patient clinic of the surgical departments of Ain Shams university hospitals for research and treatment in the period from Dec 2015 to Jun 2017. Results: Regarding to the types of previous hernial incisions midline incision was the commonest of both groups, there were 6 patients in group A vs 7 patients in group B with no statistical significant difference between both groups P > 0.05. As regards the mean hernial defect size it ranged from (24.75±6.00) square cm in open repair group A while laparoscopic group B it ranged from (21.45±5.93) with no significant statistical difference between both groups (P 0.707). Conclusion: This has been very useful in our own practice, particularly in offering advice to patients with incisional ventral hernias, in whom we tend to recommend a laparoscopic repair. Laparoscopic incisional ventral hernia repair has gained wide acceptance and should be considered the standard of care for the treatment of incisional hernias.

[Khaled Abdallah Al Fiky, Mohamed Mahfouz Mohamed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim Hassan, Eslam Ahmed El Morsi Eweis. A Comparative Study between Laparoscopic and Open Incisional Ventral Hernia Repair. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):155-164]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 21. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.21.

Keywords: Incisional hernia, Laparoscopic incisional ventral hernia repair, Polypropylene mesh

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A Comparative study between combined femoral sciatic block vs. epidural analgesia after total knee replacement

Nabila M. Fahmy, Eman M. Abo Saif, Ramy M. Gobran, Hazem M. Sharaf-eldien

Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

hazemmoustafa298@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Surgeries of the knee are associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain, so these procedures are better to be done under regional anesthetic techniques which reduce neuroendocrinal stress responses, central sensitization of the nervous system and muscle spasms which occur in response to painful stimuli. Aim of the Work: to compare between epidural anesthesia and femoral and sciatic nerves block in adult patients undergoing total knee replacement including comparison of analgesic efficacy, side-effects, and complications. Patients and Methods: The study was performed upon 30 patients, and randomly distributed among two groups: Group A: 15 patients received lumbar epidural anesthesia followed by general anesthesia and Group B: 15 patients received femoral and sciatic nerves block followed by general anesthesia. For each patient, the following data were collected: age, sex, weight, height, ASA, duration of surgery, hemodynamic changes, incidence of postoperative complications, pain scores, morphine consumption, rehabilitation indices and duration of hospital stay. Results: showed that performing femoral and sciatic nerves block provided effective unilateral analgesia, equivalent rehabilitation and duration of hospital stay in addition to fewer complications in comparison to epidural anesthesia such as hypotension, postoperative vomiting and urinary retention. Conclusion: Femoral and sciatic block technique placed under ultra-sound guidance for postoperative pain control provides equivalent analgesia, opioid consumption, postoperative rehabilitation and hospital stay with a lower incidence of hemodynamic side effects when compared to epidural analgesia in patients undergoing moderate to major knee surgeries.

[Nabila M. Fahmy, Eman M. Abo Saif, Ramy M. Gobran, Hazem M. Sharaf-eldien. A Comparative study between combined femoral sciatic block vs. epidural analgesia after total knee replacement. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):165-172]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 22. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.22.

Key words: femoral sciatic block, epidural analgesia, total knee replacement

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Accessibility of Lung Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion in Comparison with Chest X-Ray in Critically Ill Patient

Prof. Dr. Ahmed Aly Fawaz, Prof. Dr. Ashraf Elsayed El Agamy, Dr. Tamer Nabil Abdelrahman and Mohamed Sayed Ewais

Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

Abstract: Background: Pleural effusion occurs frequently in ICU patients with an incidence that varies according to the diagnostic technique used (from 8% following physical examination to more than 60% after routine imaging). Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare the diagnostic performance of Lung Ultrasound and bedside Chest X-ray for the detection of Pleural effusion in critically ill patients, using thoracic CT as a gold standard. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was applied over a period of six months from 1 St. October 2018 to 31 St. March 2019 in which 40 patients were enrolled after taking ethical committee approval and patients consent, our study was done at ICU department in Ain Shams University Teaching Hospital and MISR University for Science and Technology Teaching Hospital. These 40 patients presented to Critical care department with acute dyspnea as the primary complaint or developed acute dyspnea and or tachypnea during their ICU stay; we classified them randomly into two groups aiming for diagnosis of pleural effusion. Group (S) for patients that underwent LUS and group (X) for the patient that underwent CXR as a diagnostic tools for detection of pleural effusion. CT chest was done as a reference in all cases for detecting the sensitivity and specificity of each modality. Results: In comparing Lung ultrasound with bedside Chest X-ray our study showed 12 patients were not diagnosed with pleural effusion by using X-ray ( 60% of group X ) while 8 patients were diagnosed with pleural effusion. on the other hand 13 patients were not diagnosed with pleural effusion by using LUS. while 7 patients were diagnosed with pleural effusion. it also showed 6 patients is true positive as regards diagnosis of pleural effusion using CT as a golden standard while 2 patients is false positive on the other hand 9 patients is True Negative while 3 patients are false negative with ( P= 0.001).7 patient is true positive while 0 patients is false positive on the other hand 12 patients is true negative while 1 patient is false negative with ( P= 0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggests that Lung Ultrasound had a higher specificity than CXR (100% vs. 81.8%) While Lung Ultrasound was more sensitive than chest radiography in detecting Pleural effusion in ICU patients (87.5% vs. 66.7%)

[Ahmed Aly Fawaz Ashraf Elsayed El Agamy,. Tamer Nabil Abdelrahman and Mohamed Sayed Ewais. Accessibility of Lung Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion in Comparison with Chest X-Ray in Critically Ill Patient. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):173-179]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 23. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.23.

Keywords: Lung Ultrasound, Pleural Effusion, Chest X-Ray, Critically Ill Patient

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Red Cell Distribution Width versus Procalcitonin as A Marker for Severe Sepsis

Prof. Dr. Sherif Wadie Nashed, Dr. Ibrahim Mamdouh Esmat, Dr. Tarek Mohamed Ahmed Ashour and Ahmed Atef Nagy El Desoki

Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management Department, Ain Shams University

Abstract: Background: Sepsis is a systemic, deleterious host response to infection leading to severe sepsis (acute organ dysfunction secondary to documented or suspected infection) and septic shock (severe sepsis plus hypotension not reversed with fluid resuscitation). Objectives: The aim of the study was evaluation the red cell distribution width as a prognostic marker of sepsis and as a predictor of mortality compared with procalcitonin. Patients and Methods: Type of Study: observational study, study Setting: Ain Shams University Hospital, Misr University For science and technology hospital. Study Period: 6 months (from 1 October 2018 till 31 of Mars 2019). Results: Procalcitonin was non-significantly high among died cases. RDW was significantly higher among died cases. Demographic and sources of infection among the studied cases. Mortality was less than three quarters of the studied cases (73.3 %). Males, pneumomia and bed sores were significantly more frequent among died cases while wound infection was significantly less frequent. SOFA mortality was significantly high among died cases. APACHE mortality was significantly high among died cases. Conclusion: This study revealed that the red cell distribution width (RDW) was a significant prognostic marker of sepsis and a significant predictor of mortality compared with procalcitonin.

[Sherif Wadie Nashed, Ibrahim Mamdouh Esmat, Tarek Mohamed Ahmed Ashour and Ahmed Atef Nagy El Desoki. Red Cell Distribution Width versus Procalcitonin as A Marker for Severe Sepsis. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):180-184]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 24. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.24.

Keywords: Red Cell Distribution, Procalcitonin, Severe Sepsis

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Comparative Study between Re-Routing Technique and Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT) In Treatment of High Perianal Fistula

Ahmed Abdel Aziz Abou-Zeid, Tarek Youssef Ahmed, Essam Fakhery Ebied, Ahmed Adel Darweesh, Ahmed Aly Khalil, Tasnim Rizk Naeem

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine-Ain Shams University, Egypt

tasnim.naeem@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Complex anal fistula has been a hot topic in clinic. Many surgical techniques have been described for the treatment of such anal fistula, including the use of seton, fibrin glue, collagen plugs, rectal advancement flaps, fistulotomy with sphincter repair, and rerouting the fistula tract. However, the results have been variable, and no one procedure is superior to the others absolutely. It is worth our concern that the goal of any treatment procedure is to obliterate the tract and to have low recurrence rates while maintaining full continence. Aim of the Work: an objective comparison was made between the two procedures focusing on multiple aspects of both procedures to stand on the superiority of each one over the other. We compared data including: Healing time, post operative bleeding and infection, recurrence rates and continence. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted over 60 patients with high trans-sphincteric fistulas, randomly divided into 2 equal groups, who underwent Rerouting of the tract and LIFT procedure. Results: In comparison of the recurrence rate, postoperative complications and continence the results were similar in both groups with no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: In patients with high trans-sphincteric anal fistulas, both ligation of intersphincteric fistula track procedure and rerouting technique have a similar long-term healing rate, recurrences, continence, and quality of life.

[Ahmed Abdel Aziz Abou-Zeid, Tarek Youssef Ahmed, Essam Fakhery Ebied, Ahmed Adel Darweesh, Ahmed Aly Khalil, Tasnim Rizk Naeem. Comparative Study between Re-Routing Technique and Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT) In Treatment of High Perianal Fistula. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):185-190]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 25. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.25.

Keywords: Re-routing, ligation of intersphincteric fistula, high perianal fistula

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Efficacy of Direct Ethanol Sclerotherapy in Management of Low Flow Congenital Vascular Malformations

Mostafa S. Mahmoud, Tarek M. Radwan, Nader M. Hamada, Mohammed H. Abou Mansour

Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

maboumansour@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) may contain venous, capillary, lymphatic, or arterial components in any combination and have been associated with various dysmorphic syndromes. CVMs appear at birth, persist through life and have slowly progressive course and some of them may be temporary hidden due to their deep location. Aim of the Work: to evaluate the efficacy of ethanol sclerotherapy in management of low flow congenital vascular malformations and to report any possible adverse events related to this modality of treatment. Patients and Methods: This case series prospective study was conducted on 40 patients having low flow CVMs at the department of Vascular Surgery at the International Medical Center (IMC), Cairo Egypt, during the period from April 2017 to April 2019. Results: all patients showed good response as regard clinical improvement which was represented in patient's satisfaction, as 87.5% were satisfied and 12.5% were very satisfied. All patients showed good radiological response which was obvious in comparison of pre and post procedure MRI, as 5% were completely cured and 95% were markedly improved. All patients had no major complications, but 42.5% of patients had one or more minor complications which were subsided spontaneously or with nominal therapy without consequences or hospital admission. Conclusion: Ethanol sclerotherapy is highly efficient method in treatment of low flow CVMs, but accompanied with many local complications which could be minimized when management was done by multidisciplinary team.

[Mostafa S. Mahmoud, Tarek M. Radwan, Nader M. Hamada, Mohammed H. Abou Mansour. Efficacy of Direct Ethanol Sclerotherapy in Management of Low Flow Congenital Vascular Malformations. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):191-200]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 26. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.26.

Key words: Ethanol Sclerotherapy, Low flow congenital vascular malformations

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Intravenous Alteplase 3-6 Hours versus 0-3 Hours in Acute Ischemic Stroke, an Egyptian Based Study

Waleed M. Abd El-Mageed MD; Rania M. Mohamed MD; Mohamed M. Mohamed; Essam M. Ezzaat Ali

Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Essam.ezzaat@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Stroke is a devastating disease with increasing incidence and prevalence due to population aging. The most effective approach in acute stroke therapy is still under discussion, but it appears reasonable to get the vessel recanalized to save penumbra tissue. Intravenous alteplase is FDA approved within 4.5 hours of acute ischemic stoke onset. Some studies extend the window to 6 hours. Methods: This was a prospective open-label randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted on 60 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS); to compare safety and effectiveness of Alteplase given 3-6 hours versus 0-3 after acute ischemic stroke. The 60 AIS patients were classified according to time of Alteplase infusion into 2 independent groups. 0-3 Alteplase “group A” (30 patients). 3-6 Alteplase “group B” (30 patients). Results: Our study revealed Highly significant shorter time of onset of symptoms, in A group; compared to B group. Significant decrease in NIHSS score in A group; compared to B group; during the post-infusion measurements. Non-significant decrease in mrs score in A group; compared to B group; during the post-infusion measurements. We found that, there is significant decrease in mortality in A group; compared to B group. We also found that, there is non-significant difference as regards parenchymal hemorrhages, between the 2 groups. Alteplase infusion therapy within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, convey a great benefit regarding improvement of NIHSS and mrs scores, along with decreased mortality and intracranial hemorrhage rates, as compared with 3-6 hours Alteplase infusion. The 3-6 hours group can benefit from IV thrombolytic by proper selection of patients. Conclusion: Our data suggested that, Alteplase infusion therapy within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, convey a great benefit regarding improvement of NIHSS and mrs scores, along with decreased mortality and intracranial hemorrhage rates, as compared with 3-6 hours Alteplase infusion. The 3-6 hours group can benefit from IV thrombolytic by proper selection of patients.

[Waleed M. Abd El-Mageed MD; Rania M. Mohamed MD; Mohamed M. Mohamed; Essam M. Ezzaat Ali. Intravenous Alteplase 3-6 Hours versus 0-3 Hours in Acute Ischemic Stroke, an Egyptian Based Study. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):201-210]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 27. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.27.

Keywords: Intravenous Alteplase; Acute Ischemic Stroke

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A Comparative Study between Early versus Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Cases of Acute Calcular Cholecystitis

Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed El-Shafei, Prof. Dr. Hisham Mohamed Ali Omran, Mahmoud Mohamed Galal Yassin El-Shazly

General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

galelioo22@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Gall bladder disease is among the leading causes for hospital admission for acute abdomen among adults and the most common indication for abdominal surgery in the elderly. Gallstones are common and present as acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) in 20 % of patients with symptomatic disease, with wide variation in severity. In developed countries, 10–15 % of the adult population is affected by gallstones. Objectives: The aim of this study is to prospectively compare between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a management of acute calcular cholecystitis along with their operative and post-operative outcomes. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective randomized study conducted on thirty (30) patients presenting to Ain-Shams University hospitals with acute calcular cholecystitis starting from December 2018 to July 2019. Included patients will be randomized, by opening one of two (2) sealed envelopes at the time of admission. Patients will be divided into two groups, fifteen (15) patients each: Group (A): will undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the first 72 hours, Group (B): will undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy after 6 to 8 weeks (after complete resolution of the acute attack). An informed consent will be taken from all the patients sharing in the study about the procedure they will have. Results: The mean operative time in the early group was more than the mean operative time in the delayed group. The conversion rate to open cholecystectomy in the early group was less than the conversion rate in the delayed group. The mean total hospital stay in the early group was less than the mean total hospital stay in the delayed group. Finally, the overall complications in the early group was less than complications occurred in the delayed group. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely for acute cholecystitis, with acceptable low conversion and complication rates. Early timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in relation to the onset of gall bladder inflammation may reduce the conversion rate and the total complication rate. The morbidity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with acute cholecystitis is not reduced by a long period of initial conservative treatment. For surgeons with adequate experience, the optimal timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of acute cholecystitis is within 72 hours of admission.

[Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed El-Shafei, Prof. Dr. Hisham Mohamed Ali Omran, Mahmoud Mohamed Galal Yassin El-Shazly. A Comparative Study between Early versus Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Cases of Acute Calcular Cholecystitis. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):211-218]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 28. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.28.

Keywords: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Acute Calcular Cholecystitis

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Evaluation of macular thickness after uncomplicated cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography

Mostafa Hammam Ahmed Hammam, Marwa Aly Zaky and Hatem Mohamed Marey

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine- Menofia University, Egypt

Abstract: Purpose: To determine macular thickness changes after uncomplicated cataract surgery using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: This was a prospective clinical study. Data were analyzed for 38 patients undergoing uneventful phacoemulsification. Complete ophthalmological evaluation was done preoperatively. OCT measurements were performed before surgery and postoperatively at day 60. CMT was measured at days 1 & 60 postoperatively. Results: Postoperative day 60 CMT was significantly thicker than CMT in preoperative assessment (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between CMT changes and preoperative BCVA or postoperative BCVA. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a significant increase in post operative CMT after uncomplicated cataract surgery. However it is mostly innocent and not affecting the BCVA.

[Mostafa Hammam Ahmed Hammam, Marwa Aly Zaky and Hatem Mohamed Marey. Evaluation of macular thickness after uncomplicated cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):219-224]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 29. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.29.

Keywords: Evaluation； macular； thickness； uncomplicated cataract surgery；optical coherence tomography

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Spatio-temporal Variability of Oithona brevicornis (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) Population Dynamic and Reproductive Parameters in Fresco lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire)

Raphaël N’Doua Etilé *, George Kassi Blahoua, Augustin.Kouakou Kouamé⁾, Gouli Goore Bi, Paul Essetchi Kouamelan, Valentin N’Douba

Hydrobiology and Water Eco-technology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University (Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire)

22 Box 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire

Correspondent E-mail: nouda_et@yahoo.fr / ndouaetile@gmail.com

Abstract - Spatio-temporal variations of Oithona brevicornis abundance, biomass and reproductive parameters were investigated monthly in Fresco lagoon from August 2013 to July 2014 in five stations. Results show that O. brevicornis population abundance, biomass and reproductive parameters are marked by dry season values statistically higher than those obtained during the rainy season. During all seasons, highest abundance and biomass values were obtained in sampling sites far from the Fresco lagoon channel. O. brevicornis population reproductive parameters estimate during the present study: ovigerous female abundance (AF_w), egg-females ratio (E/F), eggs production rate (EPR), weigh-specific eggs production (SEPR) and secondary production of females (SPF) show the same spatio-temporal variation. O. brevicornis abundance, biomass and reproduction parameters spatio-temporal variation in Fresco lagoon is mainly linked to water salinity, transparence and turbidity variation. Favorable conditions for its reproduction, development and proliferation are found during the dry season with salinity fluctuating between 5.8 and 27.5 (mean: 16.58) associate with low turbulence conditions and high transparency.

[Raphaël N’Doua Etilé, George Kassi Blahoua, Augustin. Kouakou Kouamé, Gouli Goore Bi, Paul Essetchi Kouamelan, Valentin N’Doub. Spatio-temporal Variability of Oithona brevicornis (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) Population Dynamic and Reproductive Parameters in Fresco lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire). Nat Sci 2019;17(10):225-237]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 30. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.30.

Key-words: Oithona brevicornis / eggs production / spatio-temporal variation / Fresco lagoon

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Environmental Risk Assessment for Soil and Plants Pollution Resulting of Emitted Dust from Industrial Activities

Sherif, A.E.A.¹ and Atwany, A.M².

¹Enviro. Rese. Dep. Soils, Water & Envir. Res. Instit., Giza - Egypt.

²Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, El-Maadi, Cairo - Egypt.

Abstract: This research was carried out in the industrial zone of Akersha, north of Khanka, to study the extent of pollution resulting from the dust emitted from the industrial activities on soil, some plants and their environmental impact. To achieve this aim, samples were taken from the air dust emitted from the industrial activities, the soil and plants growing in the neighboring area. The most important results are as follows:- The highest content of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb in dust emission was found at 100 m distance from industrial zone at spring season. The lowest content for Fe, Zn, Cr and Pb were found at 850 m distance from industrial zone at autumn season; while Mn, Cu, Cd and Ni were found at 750 m distance from industrial zone at winter season. With respect to the total concentration of Cu, Cd and Pb in soil were higher than the permissible limits at all sites and seasons; but the other elements were with the safe limits allowed. High total concentrations of Fe, Zn Cd and Pb in soil were found at the sites located near the factory, and decreased with a distance far from industrial activities zone in the North-East direction. Contamination degree (Cd) was ultra-high degree of contamination. But the degree of modified contamination degree (_mdC) was low degree of contamination in all sites and different seasons. Enrichment factor was between low for Mn and very high for Zn; Cd and Pb were very high for all different sites and seasons. All plants were considered hyper-accumulator for (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Ni) in all plants grown at the soil affected by dust emitted at spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, except Wheat plant with (Mn and Cu); Cu in Spinach and Cabbage at winter; while, Arugula, Faba bean, Mallow, Okra fruits and Molokhia considered hyper-accumulator for Cu. As well as Wheat, Spinach and Cabbage considered not hyper-accumulator for Cu. Bio-concentration (<1) for Zn, Cd and Pb in all plants under study except Arugula was considered hyper-accumulator for Zn at spring season.

[Sherif, A.E.A. and Atwany, A.M. Environmental Risk Assessment for Soil and Plants Pollution Resulting of Emitted Dust from Industrial Activities. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):238-249]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 31. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.31.

Key words: Environmental Risk, Dust Emitted, Foundries, Soil and Plant Pollution

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The prevalence and perceptions of smartphones use while driving among the Medical students in UQU 2016 - Cross-sectional stud

Dr. Mulham Abdul Fattah Feda¹, Nedalnaif Saleh Faidah²

¹Family Medicine Senior Registrar, Alawali PHC–Makka-KSA

²Family Medicine specialist, Alazziziah-Makka–Makka-KSA

email: Mfeda@moh.gov.sa

Abstract: Background: Using mobile phone while driving consider as one of the primary diversion sources of drivers, WHO reported that the drivers who used mobile while driving has the chance to be involved in car accidents four times more than the drivers who don't use the mobile. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Smartphones use while driving. And to assess the perception of risk of using a smartphone while driving among medical students in UQU 2016. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among male medical students, College of Medicine at UQU, using self-administered questionnaire. Result: Out of 235 medical students, 68.51% were from group age 20-25 years, 98.3% drive a car, 82.13% involved in car accidents. What Sapp (71.91%) and Sanpchat (42.98%) were the main applications. More than half (53.19%) showed average risk behavior. Traffic light (41.7%) was the most common site of using the phone, followed by highway (36.6%). Reduce speed was reported by more than a half as the first behavior when using the phone Conclusion: The results showed that more than half had standard risk behaviors, indicating a low level of awareness of the danger of using the smartphone while driving. Further studies need to be conduct on a larger sample, and community base, to detect the prevalence of using the smartphone while driving among the population, and to determine the associated factors. Recommendation: More intervention campaigns need to be conducted to raise the level of awareness among medical students and community. Use the mass media to enhance the awareness of the risk of using a smartphone while driving among the community. Conduct educational campaigns in schools to increase the awareness level in early age.

[Mulham Abdul Fattah Feda. The prevalence and perceptions of smartphones use while driving among the Medical students in UQU 2016 - Cross-sectional stud. Nat Sci 2019;17(10):250-264]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 32. doi:10.7537/marsnsj171019.32.

Keyword: Prevalence, perceptions, smartphones, driving, medical, students.

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