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Comparative Study between Continuous Wound Infusion Using Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Analgesia after Inguinal Hernia Repair

Yosef Awad ¹*, Shaimaa F. Abdelkader ², Ahmed A. Aldaba ², Osama M. Shalaby ²

¹ Anaesthesia Department, The National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

² Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine. Tanta University

E-mail: Dr.yosefawad@yahoo.com; Telephone: +353 89 247 1477

Abstract: Background: A single dose of local anesthetic injection is vulnerable to wear off for several minutes or hours depending on the medication and dose used. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine wound infusion on postoperative pain and the analgesics required in repair of open inguinal hernia (OIH). Materials and Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled study was done on 75 patients aged 18 to 60, both sexes, scheduled for repair of primary OIH. Patients have been randomly distributed in 3 groups (25 in each) received 2 mL / h of continuous wound infusion; Group I (Control Group): 48 mL of normal saline; group II: 48 mL of bupivacaine 0.25%; and group III: 48 mL (bupivacaine 0.25%, and dexmedetomidine 0.8-1 μg / kg). Results: Heart rate showed significant increase in group I compared to group II and III at ½ and 1h postoperatively and in group I compared to group III at 3h postoperatively. Mean arterial blood pressure showed insignificant difference at all times of recording postoperatively. Visual analogue scale showed significant increase in group I compared to group III at ½ h postoperatively, in group I compared to group II and III at 1, 3, 6 and 12h postoperatively. The postoperative consumption of pethidine in group I showed significant increase compared to group II and in group II when compared to group III. There was insignificant difference in postoperative adverse effects. Conclusion: Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in continuous wound infusion technique after open inguinal hernia significantly reduced postoperative pain and demand for rescue analgesics, as compared to that in the group received bupivacaine alone with insignificant side effects.

[Yosef Awad, Shaimaa F. Abdelkader, Ahmed A. Aldaba, Osama M. Shalaby. Comparative Study between Continuous Wound Infusion Using Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Analgesia after Inguinal Hernia Repair. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):1-6]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.01.

Keywords: Continuous wound infusion, bupivacaine, dexmedetomidine, postoperative analgesia, inguinal hernia repair.

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Prevalence of female anorgasmia in Delta Egypt

Angham Ali Soliman Mostafa and Dr Mohamed Abd El Wahed Gaber

Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of medicine, Menofia University, Egypt

Aliangham663@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: The present study is to know the prevalence of female anorgasmia in Delta Egypt. We aimed to assess the problem in addition to encourage other studies. Background: Anorgasmia is the recurrent inhibition of female orgasm following normal sexual excitation and associated with marked stress and interpersonal difficulties. Anorgasmia including lifelong anorgasmia that never reach orgasm, acquired anorgasmia used to have orgasms but recently couldn't reach orgasm, there's also situational anorgasmia. Patients and methods: This cross sectional study included 200 Egyptian females in Delta Egypt from October 2018 till October 2019. Results: In the present study prevalence of anorgasmia in females in Delta Egypt was 45% and the most common cause was dyspareunia 45%, then lack of enough time 20%. In the present study 59.5% of the participants faked orgasm and only 39.5%not faked orgasm. The commonest causes to fake orgasm was to satisfy the husband then to end the coitus rapidly and found that 38% of participants reached orgasm by manual stimulation but penile thrusting was 27%. Rear entry was the commonest position to reach orgasm in 41% of participants and man on top position 36%. Most of the participants considered that intercourse without orgasm is a failure. Conclusion: In the present study high percentage of the participants could never reach orgasm and the commonest cause was pain. Most of the participants faked orgasm to satisfy their husbands. Large percentages of women considered intercourse without orgasm is a failure.

[Angham Ali Soliman Mostafa and Dr Mohamed Abd El Wahed Gaber. Prevalence of female anorgasmia in Delta Egypt Nat Sci 2020;18(4):7-11]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.02.

Key words: Anorgasmia, Delta Egypt, Orgasmic Disorders, Sexual Function, Satisfaction.

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Identification of Yeasts by Using matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (Maldi-Tof Ms) In comparison to Other Detection Methods in Microbiological Samples

Emtethal El-Sayed El- Kholy¹, Asmaa Abd El-Salam El-Madbouly¹， Ghada El-Sayed Amr² and Sara Ahmed Tahoun¹

¹Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls- Alazhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Zagazig University, Cairo, Egypt.

dr.saratahoun@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Identification of yeast species still relies primarily on culture and phenotypic methods, which is labour-intensive and time-consuming. The rising frequency of hospital acquired yeast infections underlines the need for an accurate, rapid and simple identification tool at the species level. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the identification performance of yeast species with phenotypic methods as chromogenic Candida Agar (CAN2) and Vitek 2, versus identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)- Mass spectrometry. Methods: From 500 clinical samples provided to the microbiology laboratory of AL-Zahraa University hospital, Cairo, Egypt, 50 yeast isolates were randomly selected and subjected to germ tube test, Culture on Chrom ID™ Candida Agar (CAN2), Vitek 2 and MALDI-TOF MS. Results: Out of 50 yeast isolates, 19 isolates were obtained from urine (38%), 14 sputum (28%),7blood isolates (14%), 5 throat isolates (10%), 2 cervical swab isolates (4%), 2 chest tube isolates (4%), 1 endotracheal tube isolate (2%), 1wound swab isolate (2%) and 1 ear swab isolate (2%). Overall, 96% yeast identifications were in agreement between the MALDI TOF/MS and conventional identification at the genus level, and 82% at species level. Conclusion: This study confirms the role of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical settings for the rapid and accurate identification of yeast.

[Emtethal El-Sayed El- Kholy, Asmaa Abd El-Salam El-Madbouly Ghada El-Sayed Amr and Sara Ahmed Tahoun. Identification of Yeasts by Using matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (Maldi-Tof Ms) In comparison to Other Detection Methods in Microbiological Samples. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):12-19]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.03.

Key Words: MALDI-TOF MS, Vitek 2, Yeast, Identification

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Hydrological Peculiarities Of Water Structures Forming Landscape And Ecological Condition Of Jizzakh Reservoir Area

Karimov Ilhom Esonovich¹, Abdullaev Ilhom Khotamovich²

¹Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute

²Tashkent State Pedagogical University

geoilhom-69@mail.ru

Abstract: In the state forest landscapes type hydrosoorujeniy vyayushchich na formirovaniya landscape-ecologicheskogo sostaniy okruzajushichich Djizzakskodododnosti, ix geographical and hydrologic osobennosti.

[Karimov Ilhom Esonovich, Abdullaev Ilhom Khotamovich. Hydrological Peculiarities Of Water Structures Forming Landscape And Ecological Condition Of Jizzakh Reservoir Area. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):20-23]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.04.

Keywords: terrain, factor, water flow, canal, orocellar soorujeniya, pump station, plot, landscape, patchwork, ecology.

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Serum Ghrelin Level in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency and Those with Idiopathic Short Stature

Taha O¹, EL Rifaey S¹, Nosair N², El Hawary A³, Erfan A¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El-Shaikh University, Egypt

³Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

Abstract: Short stature is defined as height below 3rd centile or less than two standard deviations (SDs) below the median height for that age and sex according to the population standard. The role of endogenous ghrelin in the growth process of children is unclear. OBJECTIVES: to assess serum ghrelin levels in children with short stature who were growth hormone deficient (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 60 children with short stature and 30 controls. The children were divided into two groups: Group A: 30 patient; Children with short stature due to GHD. Group B: 30 patients; Children with idiopathic short stature. For all patients and controls, the following were done: Karyotyping for female patients, thyroid function, coeliac disease screening, GH provocation test by insulin or clonidine, serum IGF1, fasting plasma ghrelin and bone age. RESULTS: Fasting ghrelin level was highly elevated in GHD children and ghrelin level in ISS was higher than in Controls. IGF-1was very low in GHD children and no significant deference between Idiopathic short stature and controls. Ghrelin showed an inverse correlation with IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of features increased ghrelin secretion in children of idiopathic short stature so ghrelin may play role in pathogenesis of ISS.

[Taha O, EL Rifaey S, Nosair N, El Hawary A, Erfan A. Serum Ghrelin Level in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency and Those with Idiopathic Short Stature. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):24-28]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.05.

Key Words: Idiopathic short stature _ Ghrelin _ Growth hormone secretagogue receptor_ Insulin growth factor -1

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Coronavirus Crisis, Japan’s Tourism, Olympic History, Ethics and Sustainable Policy Implementation for Tokyo Olympics 2020

Shuraya Tasnoova ¹, Khan M Iqbal ²

^1. Faculty of Business Administration, Japan University of Economics, Tokyo Shibuya Campus, 24-5 Sakuragaoka Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0031, Japan

^2. CEO, Sakurajima Green Tea Company, Arata 2-23-11, Kagoshima 890 0054, Japan

 tasnoova2000@gmail.com

Abstract: Coronavirus is one of the big problem for world though it is not as strong as SARS and MERS. This is a reviewed articles and objective of the article was to write a summary on the Coronavirus impact on Japan 2020 Olympics, tourism industry, and sustainability. For objective of the article, it was based on secondary information especially worldwide news reports, published reports on online journals and newspapers. The article had following parts for discussion: 1 Worldwide impact of Corona virus and confirmed Cases and Deaths by Country, Territory of Coronavirus COVID, 2. Discussion on history and basic information of Olympics, 3. Tokyo Olympics 2020 and reason not to postpone the event, 4. UN SDGs for Olympics 2020, 5. Japanese Economy and tourism industry are reviewed and 6. Precautions for Coronavirus. This article was revealed that though Coronavirus was not strong, but made the world economy slow. Japan had huge impact on it and Japan Government was taken not only precautionary initiatives but also increased the fund to control the challenges. Government of Japan is still hopeful to hold the Tokyo Olympics 2020.

[Shuraya Tasnoova, Khan M Iqbal. Coronavirus Crisis, Japan’s Tourism, Olympic History, Ethics and Sustainable Policy Implementation for Tokyo Olympics 2020. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):29-40]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.06.

Keywords: Coronavirus, Tourism, Olympic history, Sustainability

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The effect of applying Quality Standards on Developing and Improving some Egyptian Agricultural Exports

Dr. Gehan Mohamed Elafify

Senior Researcher - Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

gege_elafify@hotmail.com

Abstract: Quality systems began to play an important and effective role, especially after the emergence of global economic blocs, and the spread of globalization phenomenon as there is a new global system, and global markets have become dependent on crops and products of high quality and technological development, and given the importance of the impact of the application of quality systems on the development of Egyptian agricultural exports as it is It aims to produce a high-quality crop or product that is in line with international and local standards, and to open new markets while working to maintain and control existing markets, and to work on continuous improvement, as well as training workers on the latest production methods. The research problem represents, that the importing countries set specifications for the overall quality of the agricultural crops that they import, especially the European Union countries, which leads to that Egyptian agricultural exports are facing intensive competition with the competitive countries exporting these crops. The research aims to study the effect of applying quality standards systems on the development of Egyptian agricultural exports in some export companies that have been reached through the research sample. The research used both descriptive and quantitative analysis methods using statistical methods and methods that achieve the research goals such as averages and percentages. The research relied on the published and unpublished data issued by the relevant authorities with the subject, in addition to the initial data By designing and preparing a questionnaire form for quality requirements and specifications required for external customers (importers), therefore 18 companies were chosen from about 80 companies In the field of agricultural exports and some of them apply the quality system, representing about 23% of the total export companies, and through the sample that was targeting companies to measure the impact of the application of quality systems, it became clear that there are about 12 companies that implement the quality system in full and 4 companies in the stages of processing And two companies do not apply the quality system, The questionnaire was prepared to obtain the opinion of export companies on the impact of quality application on the development of agricultural exports. And that is through direct contact, either by personal interviews, or by phone call or by using the e-mail communication. In the light of the results of the research, the following can be recommended: The necessity to work on applying quality standards to all agricultural crops, from the production stage to the internal and external marketing stage. Establishing centers for training on quality standards in Egypt and introducing the specifications of crops required for export. The necessity of unifying the technical specifications for quality on all internal and external institutions to be applied in the production and export stages together. Working to provide data and information related to quality standards and institutions that they adopt in Egypt and abroad, and to provide guidance in them.

[Gehan Mohamed Elafify. The effect of applying Quality Standards on Developing and Improving some Egyptian Agricultural Exports. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):41-52]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.07.

Key words: ISO International Standards Organization, BRC British retail consortium, IFS International Food Standards 

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Molecular detection of some toxigenic bacteria isolated from meat and its products in Kaliobia, Egypt

Ashraf, A. Abd El Tawab¹, Ahmed, A. A. Maarouf², Fatma, I. El Hofy¹ and Nesma, M. G. Ahmed²

¹Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Department, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

²Animal Health Research Institute "Benha branch" ARC, Egypt

Abstract: The present study was performed on 250 random samples of fresh meat and meat products viz: Beef burger, kofta; minced meat and sausage (50 for each), were collected from different shops at Kaliobia Governorate, Egypt, for detection the prevalence of some toxigenic food-borne bacteriain these samples, beside the phenotypic characterization and detection of some virulence genes in them. Bacteriological examination of the collected samples resulted in, isolation of 87 (34.8%) isolates of S. aureus isolates (41/16.4%); E. coli (25 /10.0%) and B. cereus (21/8.4%) were recovered from 250 samples. Twenty five E. coli isolates were recovered from minced meat samples (7/14%), kofta (6/12.0%); sausage (5/10.0%); fresh meat (4/8.0%) and beef burger samples (3/6.0%). Seven serogroups (O55: H7; O₁₁₁: H₄; O₁₂₅: H₁₈; O126: H7; O128: H27; O142: H2and O158: H2) were detected in 25 isolated E. coli strains. A total of 41 S. aureus isolates were isolated from kofta samples (12 / 24.0%), minced meat (9/ 18.0%), sausage, fresh meat (8/16.0% for each) and beef burger samples (4/8.0%). Twenty one B. cereus strains were isolated from kofta (7/14.0%), sausage (6/12.0%); minced meat (4/8.0%); beef burger (3/6.0%) and fresh meat samples (1/2.0%). The PCR results for E. coli strains showed that, stx2 virulence gene was detected in one strain and vt2e virulence gene was detected in two out of 6 studied strains, but stx1 virulence gene was failed to be detected in all studied strains. Meanwhile, PCR results for S. aureus strains showed that, enterotoxin seb virulence gene was detected in one strain and enterotoxin sed virulence gene was detected in 4 out of 5 studied strains, but enterotoxins sea; sec and see virulence genes were failed to be detected in all studied strains. In addition, the results for B. cereus strains cleared that, nhe; cyt K and ces enterotoxigenic virulence genes were detected in all three studied strains.

[Ashraf, A. Abd El Tawab, Ahmed, A. A. Maarouf, Fatma, I. El Hofy and Nesma, M. G. Ahmed. Molecular detection of some toxigenic bacteria isolated from meat and its products in Kaliobia, Egypt. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):53-62]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.08.

Key words: Meat products, toxigenic bacteria, enterotoxins, virulence genes

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Molecular identification of some virulence genes among Flavobacterium columnare isolated from Cyprinus carpio (common carp)

Ashraf, A. Abd El-Tawab¹, Fatma, I. El-Hofy¹, EL-Gamal, R.M.A.², Somayah, M. Awad², Manar E. El-Khayat ¹, Samaa, A. Mohamed³

¹¹Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Department, Fac. Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

²Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research. Agriculture Research Center. Egypt.

³ Veterinarian Researcher.

Abstract: Flavobacterium columnare is a significant pathogen of fresh water fishes. It possesses several virulance genes that augment its pathogencity. The objective of this study was to monitor the prevalence of three virulance associated genes, including glycosyltransferase (gtf), nitric oxide reductase (norb) and thioredoxin (trx) among Flavobacterium columnare isolated from Cyprinus carpio (common carp).

[Ashraf, A. Abd El-Tawab, Fatma, I. El-Hofy, EL-Gamal, R.M.A., Somayah, M. Awad, Manar E. El-Khayat, Samaa, A. Mohamed. Molecular identification of some virulence genes among Flavobacterium columnare isolated from Cyprinus carpio (common carp). Nat Sci 2020;18(4):63-70]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.09.

Keywords: Molecular; identification; virulence; gene; Flavobacterium columnare; Cyprinus carpio (common carp)

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Molecular characterization of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus isolated from meat products and human in Kaliobia, Egypt

Ashraf, A. Abd El Tawab¹, Ahmed, A. A. Maarouf², Fatma, I. El Hofy¹and Dina, H. Mousa³

¹Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Department, Fac. Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt; ²Animal Health Research Institute "Benha branch" ARC, Egypt; ³Veterinarian

Abstract: The present study was performed on 210 random samples of meat products (beef burger, kofta, luncheon, minced meat, sausage) and diarrheic human stool of patients suffering from vomition and diarrhoea (35 for each), were collected from different shops and hospitals at Kaliobia Governorate, Egypt, for bacteriological examination for detection the prevalence of enterotoxigenic B. cereus strains in these samples, beside the phenotypic characterization and detection of some virulence genes in them. Bacteriological examination of the collected samples resulted in, isolation of 51 (24.3%) isolates of B. cereus from 210 samples, (11/31.4%) from koftasamples; (13/37.1%) minced meat; (9/25.7%) sausage; (7/20.0%) beef burger; (6 /17.1%) luncheon and (5/14.3%) from human stool samples. The isolated B. cereus strains were enterotoxigenic ones, as they had haemolytic; amylase; proteolytic; lipolytic and Lecithinase activities. The PCR results cleared that, the diagnostic, phylogenetic marker gene of B. cereus (groEL) was amplified in all 10 studied B. cereus isolates and cytK; hbl; nhe; and ces enterotoxigenic virulence genes were detected in 9; 7; 8 and 6, respectively, out of 10 studied isolates. Moreover, the groEL gene in isolated B. cereus sequences was seem to be identical by 95.80 % identity with the strains of B. cereus with Gene Bank sequences. So, it was concluded that, B. cereus strains are enterotoxigenic ones and they may be the causative agents in patients suffering from vomition and diarrhoea, as they are meat-borne pathogens of public health importance.

[Ashraf, A. Abd El Tawab, Ahmed, A. A. Maarouf, Fatma, I. El Hofy and Dina, H. Mousa. Molecular characterization of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus isolated from meat products and human in Kaliobia, Egypt. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):71-79]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.10.

Key words: Human stool; Meat products, enterotoxins, virulence genes

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Genetic variety among Candida albicans isolated from chicken and human clinical sample in Cairo Governorate, Egypt

Ashraf A. Abd El- Tawab¹; Eman M. El-Diasty²; Fatma I. El-Hofy¹; Sohila H. Amin³; Manar E. El-khayat¹

¹ Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

²Mycology Department, Animal Health Research Institute Dokki, Giza (ARC), Egypt

³Nile Company for Pharmaceuticals & Chemical Industries, Egypt

me7279040@gmail.com

Abstract: Candida albicans was significant hazard for human and poultry throughout the world. This study is designed to investigate the prevalence of different members of Candida spp. in chicken and human and genetic characterization of isolated C. albicans. Two hundred swab samples (n=200) were collected from chicken crops (n=100), human vaginal swab (n=50) and human nasal swabs (n=50) between August 2018 to February 2019 from different localities in Cairo Governorate, Egypt. The swabs were subjected to Candida isolation and identification by using direct microscopy, conventional culture methods and Rap ID Yeast plus System®. Furthermore, they identified by sequencing of αINT1 gene and RAPD PCR to investigate the genetic relatedness of C. albicans strains recovered from chicken and human origins. From the examined chicken crop swab (8/36, 22.2%) were positive of C. albicans isolation. In addition, (5/25, 20%) were positive of C. albicans isolation from the examined human vaginal swabs. Moreover, the examined human nasal swab (0/8) was negative for C. albicans. While, two C. albicans strains (one from chicken origin and one from human origin) were subjected to αINT1 gene sequence analysis, which revealed that C. albicans from chicken origin were genetically distinct from that of the human origin. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed the rate of similarity greater than (97.15 %) for the entire alpha-INT1p (LH1 and LH2) gene sequence from 2 strains of C. albicans. While, amino acid sequence analysis showed the rate of similarity greater than (93.27%) for the entirealpha-INT1p (LH1 and LH2) gene sequence from C. albicans strains. Additionally, RAPD PCR clarified the heterogeneity among human and chicken C. albicans isolates. This study is of outmost importance regarding the role of molecular biology technique in detection the sources of C. albicans which help for effective diagnosis and differentiation between chicken origin and human origin.

[Ashraf A. Abd El- Tawab; Eman M. El-Diasty; Fatma I. El-Hofy; Sohila H. Amin; Manar E. El-khayat. Genetic variety among Candida albicans isolated from chicken and human clinical sample in Cairo Governorate, Egypt. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):80-87]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.11.

Keyword: C. albicans, PCR, RAPD PCR, αINT1 gene, chicken

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Antibacterial Activity of Different Nanoparticles on Local Pathogenic Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia Coli

Ashraf Abd El-Twab¹, Fatma El-Hofy¹, Ahmed El-Hamalawy², Amged Abu-Ela³, Wafaa El-Shazly³

¹ Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Dept., Fact. Vet. Med., Benha Univ., Egypt.

²Physics Dept., Fac. of Science Menofyia Univ, Egypt.

³Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt

me7279040@gmail.com

Abstract: Nano technology has emerged as a promising tool against Escherichia coli as a result of increased resistance of E. coli to antibiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ZnO, TiO2, Ag-doped ZnO and Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (synthesized by using sol-gel method) against E. coli isolated from animals suffering from diarrhea. Structural and morphological properties of these nanoparticles were investigated using, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) which revealed that ZnO NPs size was 26 nm and Ag-doped ZnO NPs size was 19 nm. In both ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO NPs, the hexagonal wurtzite structure was observed. TiO2 NPs only have the anatase phase with size 32 nm but Ag-doped TiO2 has both rutile and anatase phases with size 15 nm. The morphologies of TiO2 and ZnO were influenced by doping with Ag. Three local pathogenic multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of E. coli (O₁₅₇H₇, O₁₂₅ and O₄₄) and reference strain of E. coli (ATCC25922) were used to assess the antibacterial activity of the synthesized materials. Antibacterial activity was determined by using disc diffusion assay and MIC was measured using micro well dilution method. The results showed that MIC of ZnO was 31.25μg/ml for E. coliO₁₅₇H₇, While MIC of Ag-doped ZnO was 7.8μg/ml for E.coli O₁₂₅. In addition, the MIC for TiO2 was15.6 μg/ml for E. coliO₄₄, While Ag-doped TiO2 showed MIC 3.9μg/ml for E. coli (ATCC25922). In conclusion, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against E. coli which can be increased by doping with silver.

[Ashraf Abd El-Twab, Fatma El-Hofy, Ahmed El-Hamalawy, Amged Abu-Ela, Wafaa El-Shazly. Antibacterial Activity of Different Nanoparticles on Local Pathogenic Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia Coli. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):88-95]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.12.

Keywords: E. coli, ZnO NPs, TiO2 NPs, AgNPs, TEM

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Place Names Based On Topoformants (On The Example Of Surkhandarya Region)

Umarova Makhbuba Khamraevna

Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, Termez State University

Abstract: Issues and content of the formation of geographical names in the article using word-formation supplements are analyzed in the case of Surkhandarya region.

[Umarova Makhbuba Khamraevna. Place Names Based On Topoformants (On The Example Of Surkhandarya Region). Nat Sci 2020;18(4):96-98]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.13.

Keywords: toponym, toponymy, topoformant, place names.

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Hydrological Assessment Of The Meliorative Condition Of Collector Drink Water In Bukhara Region

Hayitov Yozil Kasimovich

Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor

Toshbekov Nurbek Ahmadovich, Jumaeva Tozagul Azamovna, Nasriddinov Zavqiddin Ibrokhim ogli, Bukhara State University

Abstract: The article provides for the control, study and improvement of the reclamation of irrigated lands in the region and increase the productivity of irrigated lands. Regularly monitors the reclamation status of irrigated lands, assesses changes in the reclamation situation on the basis of observations and predicts the expected changes, based on which measures are developed to increase the productivity of agricultural products by improving the reclamation status of irrigated lands.

[Hayitov Yozil Kasimovich. Hydrological Assessment Of The Meliorative Condition Of Collector Drink Water In Bukhara Region. Nat Sci 2020;18(4):99-101]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180420.14.

Keywords: Irrigated areas, drainage, collectors, land reclamation, groundwater, salinity, solid residual algae, mineral water

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