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Effects Of Deformation On Strain Energy Density Of Metals

G.E. Adesakin *+, O.M. Osiele **, O.O. Olushola***, E.B. Faweya*, T.H. Akande* and R. O. Salau*

* Department of Physics Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

** Department of Physics Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

***Department of Physics Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria

+ Corresponding author: E-mail: adesakingbenga@gmail.com, phone: +2348038537952

Abstract: In this work, a generalized approach for computing the strain energy density of metals and the effects of deformation on it based on the structureless pseudopotential formalism is presented. The approach was used to compute the strain energy density of some metals and it variation with deformation was studied. The results obtained revealed that strain energy density of metals varies in an irregular manner with electron density parameter. Metals in the high-density limit have high values of strain energy density while metals in the low density limit have low values of strain energy density. Furthermore, the variation of strain energy density with deformation varies in different manner for different metals depending on the nature and intrinsic properties of the metals.

[G.E. Adesakin +, O.M. Osiele, O.O. Olushola, E.B. Faweya, T.H. Akande. Effects Of Deformation On Strain Energy Density Of Metals. Nat Sci 2021;19(1):1-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190121.01.

Keywords: strain energy, strain energy density, deformation, surface stress and structureless pseudopotential

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A critical review: impacts of salinity on yield and fiber quality traits of cotton

Qammar Farooq¹, Saira², Ali Farzand³, Mawra Nadeem⁴, Misbah Zulfqar^5*, Shahab Ud Din⁶

¹Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Institute of Business Management sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

⁴Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

⁵Oilseeds Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan

⁶Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: misbahzulfqar@gmail.com

Abstract: Cotton has moderately tolerance against salinity and it can tolerate up to 7.7 dS m⁻¹, but salinity decrease the growth rate and fiber production. The osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, essential nutrient deficiency, reduced photosynthetic rates and oxidative stress in cotton plants are associated with salinity stress which affects water uptake. Salt stress significantly inhibits the growth, development, and productivity of cotton because of osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stresses. It also decreased the seedling emergence, vegetative and reproductive growth which reduce the yield at mild to high salt stress. The moderate and higher level of soil salinity also cause reduction in seedling emergence, decrease vegetative and reproductive growth and ultimately decrease the cotton yield and fiber quality. This crop is very sensitive to salinity at germination and seedling stage. Salt stress adversely affects the biomass production and ultimately brings about decrease in seed cotton yield. Depressed activities of metabolic enzymes viz: acidic invertase, alkaline invertase and sucrose phophate synthase leads to fiber quality deterioration in salinity. With the emergence of functional and comparative genomics, transgenic techniques have become a major part of modern research. It is suggested that future research may be carried out with the combination of conventional and advance molecular technology to develop salt tolerant cultivars.

[Qamar Farooq, Saira, Ali Farzand, Mawra Nadeem, Misbah Zulfqar, Shahab Ud Din. A critical review: impacts of salinity on yield and fiber quality traits of cotton. Nat Sci 2021;19(1):9-18]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190121.02.

Key words: salinity, cotton, fiber

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Ameliorative effect of curcumin on the toxicity induced by bisphenol A on brain of male albino rats

Zeinab Ibrahim Ali Attia*, Hala Abdelazem Mostafa and Zeinab Saeed Mohamed Allam

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

Abstract: This study evaluates the effect of curcumin on the toxicity induced by bisphenol A on brain in male albino rats. Male rats (40.0±10.0 g) were divided into six groups of ten animals each group. Group 1 served as control, group 2 supplemented with curcumin, group 3 supplemented with BPA at dose 20 mg/Kg/day, group 4 supplemented with BPA at dose of (20 mg/Kg/day) with curcumin, group 5 supplemented with BPA at dose of (100 mg/kg/day) and group 6 supplemented with BPA at dose of (100 mg/kg/day) with curcumin for 6 weeks. The results showed significant changes in brain parameters. Supplementation of curcumin as antioxidant improves the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and decrease in the activity of the enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in BPA treated groups. The results point to that curcumin is a powerful antioxidant has ameliorative effect against changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarker in rat brain.

[Zeinab Ibrahim Ali Attia, Hala Abdelazem Mostafa and Zeinab Saeed Mohamed Allam. Ameliorative effect of curcumin on the toxicity induced by bisphenol A on brain of male albino rats. Nat Sci 2021;19(1):19-24]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190121.03.

Keywords: Curcumin, Antioxidant enzymes, Oxidative stress biomarker, Brain, BPA.

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Derivation Of A Class Of Continuous Generalized Adams Methods For The Solution Of Ordinary Differential Equations

Michael Kingsley Ogbodo¹, Mgbukwu Matthew Uchenna^2,3, Mishi Haavaan Alfred²

¹Department of Mathematics, University of Jos, Nigeria P.M.B 2084 Bauchi Ring Road Jos, Plateau State

²Department of Physics, University of Jos, Nigeria P.M.B 2084 Bauchi Ring Road Jos, Plateau State

³Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.

Correspondence Mail: Michaelkingsley01@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper, we derived the continuous form of a class of block Generalized Adams Methods for step numbers k=4 and 8 with continuous coefficients based on multistep collocation using the matrix inverse collocation approach of Sirisena (1997). The convergence and order of the derived schemes were analysed and the stability regions of the block method were plotted. The schemes were A-stable and were of uniform order. The new block method derived were applied on IVPs and the solutions were compared with the conventional Adams method and we found that they perform relatively better for k=4 and 8.

[Michael Kingsley Ogbodo, Mgbukwu Matthew Uchenna, Mishi Haavaan Alfred. Derivation Of A Class Of Continuous Generalized Adams Methods For The Solution Of Ordinary Differential Equations. Nat Sci 2021;19(1):25-36]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190121.04.

Keywords: Generalized Adams Methods, Multistep, A-stable, Collocation, Convergence, Order, Block Method

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Climate change affecting Tilapia farmers of Shubornochor and Hatia

Mehedi Mahmudul Hasan¹, Md Abdullah Al Mamun²

¹Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University

²Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University

Corresponding author: Mehedi Mahmudul Hasan, Associate Professor

Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh. Email: mehedimahmudul@gmail.com

Abstract: Farming of Tilapia generates food for a lot of poor farmers in the District of Noakhali, Bangladesh. Noakhali has a lot of stagnant water bodies including ponds with dykes and ponds without dykes in the mainland and the newly accredited lands. Paddy lands with stagnant water is a very good ground for culturing tilapia and some other species of fish. This study considered extensive survey including Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to find out which environmental change challenge them the most to in generating income from Tilapia culture. It was found that increased rainfall (53.33%, 40% and 43.33% by different respondent group) challenged them the to earn money from Tilapia culture the most in Shubornochor while it was storm surge (43.33%, 46.67% and 53.33% by different respondent groups) in Hatia.

[Mehedi Mahmudul Hasan, Md Abdullah Al Mamun. Climate change affecting Tilapia farmers of Shubornochor and Hatia. Nat Sci 2021;19(1):37-42]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190121.05.

Keywords: Tilapia, age group, storm surge, rainfall

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The Issues Of Effective Use Of Recreational-Touristic Resources Of Middle Zarafshan Basin

Badalov Utkir Badal ugli (Researcher), Khasanov Jasur Yusupjonovich (Scientific researcher)

Samarkand State University (Uzbekistan), badalov-79@list.ru

UDK: 338:91:796.54

Abstract： The present article is devoted to the recreational and tourist resources of the Middle Zerafshan basin. Recreational and tourist resources in the basin are most common in mountainous and mountainous areas with favorable climatic conditions, rivers and reservoirs, canals, plains and mineral waters and springs in mountainous areas, karst caves in Chakilkalon, Amonkutan, Karatepa Mountains. The main recreational and tourist resources of the Sarmishsai ravine are the southern slopes of Nurata mountain slopes, which contain beautiful and rocky rock sculptures on the slopes of the Nurata mountain range. The main attention is paid to the development of the tourism and recreational sphere in the Mediterranean Sea, the expansion of recreational and tourism flows, and the effective use of historical, cultural, recreational and recreational facilities.

[Badalov Utkir Badal ugli, Khasanov Jasur Yusupjonovich. The Issues Of Effective Use Of Recreational-Touristic Resources Of Middle Zarafshan Basin. Nat Sci 2021;19(1):43-47]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190121.06.

Key words: basin, recreation, touristic resource, travelling, excursion object, recreation tourism, mineral water, recreation object, karst caves, health resorts and sanatoriums.

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Comparative Assessment of Diagnostic Performance of Real Time (RT)-PCR and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Kits for the detection of SARS-Cov2 in Respiratory and Blood Samples

Omisakin Ibukun Akinsola¹, Iyevhobu Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe^{2, *}, Obodo Basil Nnaemeka², Salako Risquat Oluremi³, Okobi Tobechukwu Joseph⁴, Festus Oloruntoba Okojie², Ajayi Folake Olubunmi⁵, Uhomoibhi Oserefuamen Trinitas⁶, Bisiriyu Adebiyi Hakeem⁵, Turay Ahmadu Adjin², Omolumen Lucky Eromosele², Animasahun Olawale Sunday⁵, Usoro Edidiong Raphael⁷, Amaechi Rose Akubueziuka², Ogundare Stephen Olusegun⁸

¹Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, State Specialist Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria

²Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria

³Department of Public Health, Ogun State Ministry of Health, Nigeria

⁴Biology Department, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA

⁵Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria

⁶Department of Social Science and Mathematics, University of the District of Columbia, Maryland, DC., USA

⁷Department of Biomedical Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta Georgia, USA

⁸Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology Department, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria

Email address: kennylamai@yahoo.com (Iyevhobu K.O.)

^*Corresponding author

Abstract: COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease that is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The outcome of this pandemic stemmed the interest for the development and validation of rapid diagnostic tests. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of real time (RT)-PCR and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit for the detection of SARS-Cov2 in Respiratory Samples. A total of one hundred (100) suspected Covid-19 patients who visited Sagamu Health Zone in Ogun State were recruited for this study. Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected from the patients in a universal transport medium and then analysed using the RT-PCR. Blood samples were also collected from the patients and analysed using diagnostic kit for 2019-Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Antibody test. Diagnostic performance was determined by comparing the results obtained by Rapid Diagnostic Test RDT to Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR.). The results of this study revealed that out of a total hundred (100) suspected cases of Covid-19 recruited, sixty four (64) were RT-PCR positive and thirty six (36) were RT-PCR negative. The mean age of the patients was 36.54±12.06 while the median age was 37.5 years. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 64.5% (CI 95%; 60.5–70.6) and 70.7% (CI 95%; 65.7–74.6) respectively with diagnostic accuracy of 61.4%. Female patients had higher cases of SARS-Cov2 (65.5%) with a sensitivity of 68.2% and specificity of 71.4% while male patients had lower cases (63.4%) with a sensitivity of 60.7% and specificity of 70.0%. The results of this study revealed that the antigen-based RDT showed low to moderate sensitivity and specificity in the samples obtained from the patients in contrast to the high sensitivity and specificity obtained from RT-PCR. This study revealed that RT-PCR is an important tool for the early detection and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and hence should still remain the gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in order to prevent misdiagnosis and further guide the clinicians effectively.

[Omisakin Ibukun Akinsola, Iyevhobu Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe, Obodo Basil Nnaemeka. Comparative Assessment of Diagnostic Performance of Real Time (RT)-PCR and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Kits for the detection of SARS-Cov2 in Respiratory and Blood Samples. Nat Sci 2021;19(1):48-56]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190121.07.

Keywords: Diagnostic Performance, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Rapid Diagnostic Test

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Effect of Storage on Mycology, Functional properties and Sensory attributes of Tiger nut Flour

Oluwatoyin Olubisi Bolarinwa¹*, Deborah Ajoke Onifade², Adaobi Maureen Nwose ³, Isaaac Ayanniran Adesokan ²

¹Department of Biology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

² Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, ³Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: bisitem@yahoo.com, +2348035349094

Abstract: Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) samples were collected from two different markets (Oojo and Bodija) within Ibadan metropolis. The nut were processed into flours, stored using two different storage method (nylon and plastic) for a period of four weeks, and the following parameters were monitored fungi constituent, proximate composition, functional properties, mineral constituent, aflatoxin constituent and the sensory evaluation during processing into snack using different ratio of wheat flour. The predominate fungi isolated after four weeks of storage were; Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and Penicillin citrinum. The aflatoxin level in the stored samples ranges from 4.3 – 7.2 ng/g, proximate composition values (%) for Bodija and Ojoo samples were: Moisture content (8.20 and 8.07), crude protein (14.05 and 13.90) and carbohydrate (23.97 and 30.14). After four weeks of storage, the functional properties of Ojoo tiger nut flour stored in nylon (OTN) had the highest water absorption capacity of 2.98% while the lowest was the Bodija tiger nut flour stored in nylon (BTN) at 1.97%, OTN had the highest oil absorption capacity at 2.57% while Bodija sample stored in plastic (BTP) had the lowest capacity at 1.99%. The swelling capacity (SC) of BTP was the highest at 7.35%, OTN and BTN had the lowest SC at 7.20%. There was no significant difference within the functional properties of the tiger nut flours and wheat flour. The minerals assessed show that Mg had the highest value then followed by Na. Fe, Zn and Cu respectively. Among the formulated blends, sensory evaluation shows that substitution of wheat flour with 60% tiger nut and 40% wheat flour was the most acceptable blend for puff-puff snack produced.

[Oluwatoyin Olubisi Bolarinwa, Deborah Ajoke Onifade, Adaobi Maureen Nwose, Isaaac Ayanniran Adesokan. Effect of Storage on Mycology, Functional properties and Sensory attributes of Tiger nut Flour. Nat Sci 2021;19(1):57-63]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190121.08.

Key words: Tiger nut; functional property; Puff-puff; Aflatoxin; Proximate

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