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Review On Epidemiology And Public Health Importance Of Schistosomosis In Ethiopia

Kasanesh Destaw¹, Eyachew Ayana², Ayalew Negash³, Tsedale Amare⁴, Girma Birehan⁵

¹ Candidate of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Samara university, Samara, Ethiopia;

² Candidate of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, P.O. Box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia;

³ Lecturer at University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, P.O. box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia;

⁴ Candidate of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Samara university, Samara, Ethiopia;

⁵ Assistant Professor of Veterinary Medicine at University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, P.o. box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia

drayalewdvm@gmail.com

Abstract: Schistosomosis is a chronic debilitating infection of humans and animals, and hence the disease is of public health importance. Different species of schistosomes can be found in animal populations, such as Schistosoma rodhaini in wild rodents and antelope, and S.bovis in domestic cattle which is one of the major veterinary problems. Animal populations can also serve as reservoirs for schistosomes that more commonly infect humans, including S. japonicum and S. mansoni. The presence of schistosomosis is directly related with the geographical distribution of snail intermediate host. Schistosoma resides in mesenteric and portal veins causing various pathologies, mainly acute intestinal and chronic hepatic syndromes with various forms of visceral lesions. The pathogenesis and pathologies of Schistosoma infections correlate with the life cycle of the parasite and most lesions depends on the species of schistosomes, the duration of infection, the number and location of eggs trapped in the tissues. Epidemiological factors like ecology (Lake Stream and Irrigation) in Ethiopia favors for endemicity of schistosomosis. The prevalence of schistosomosis in different regions of Ethiopia is also discussed. Routine diagnostic methods, serology and more recently advanced molecular techniques are available for diagnosis of schistosomosis. The treatment is by using Praziquantel and other similar schistosomicidal drugs. Environmental sanitation, educating the society, snail control, fencing of infested waters and marshy areas and others are indicated for control of schistosomosis.

[Kasanesh D, Eyachew A, Ayalew N, Tsedale A, Girma B. Review on Epidemiology and Public Health Importance of Schistosomosis in Ethiopia. Nat Sci 2021;19(2):1-10]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190221.01.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Ethiopia, Public health, Schistosomosis

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Induction of normal labor using folly catheter

Mashael Atef Abdel Fattah¹, Dr Mahmoud Ibrahim², Dr. Ahmed Hashem²

¹ Resident of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Luxor International Hospital, Egypt

²Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Foley catheters are used for cervical ripening during induction of labor. Labor induction is one of the most commonly performed obstetrical interventions. Aim and objectives: the aim of the study was to investigate the induction of normal labor by folly catheter, and to determine role of folly catheter in induction of normal labor. Subjects and methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial, which was carried out at the Gynecology in AL-Azhar University Assyut hospitals, from March 2020 till September 2020, participants were randomized online to either group A (Foley’s catheter group) or group B (placebo). Cervical assessment was performed by principle investigator with modified Bishop Score. Results: results of the study revealed that in group A there were 54(67.5%) with NVD, 26(32.5%) with CS, 19(73.1%) with fetal distress, 1(3.8%) with poor progress, 6(23.1%) with other, In group B there were 40(50%) with NVD, 40(50%) with CS, 16(40%) with fetal distress, 6(15%) with poor progress,9(22.5%) with failed IOL, 9(22.5%) with others, and there is significant difference between 2 groups as regard Mode of delivery and as regard Indication of caesarean section. Conclusion: For women with an unfavorable cervix at term, induction of labor with a Foley catheter is safe and effective. Higher balloon volume (80-mL vs. 30-mL) and longer ripening time (24 hours vs. 12 hours) would not shorten induction to delivery interval or reduce cesarean section rate.

[Mashael Atef Abdel Fattah, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Ahmed Hashem. Induction of normal labor using folly catheter. Nat Sci 2021;19(2):11-19]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190221.02.

Keywords: Catheter, Cervical Dilation, Foley, Pain Level, Physician Experience, Randomized Clinical Trial

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An Economic Study of the Sugar Nutritional Gap and the Possibilities to overcome it in Egypt

Dr. Manal Al-Sayed Mohammed Al-Kheshen, Dr. Doaa Samir Mohamed Morsy Ahmed, Dr. Doaa Fattouh Abdel Salam Esmael

Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

Email: d.doaasamir@yahoo.com

Abstract: Egypt is suffering from an increase in the size of the food gap besides the inability of the available local production to face the domestic consumption as a result of the increase in population growth rates further more the changes that is happening in the consumption pattern, and since the domestic production of sugar is not sufficient for the consumption needs, so the country is working on the filling of the deficit in consumption through import This represents an over load in the balance of payments. The aim of the research is the possibility of increasing sugar production and reducing the food gap in Egypt. The study of the nutritional gap of sugar in Egypt shows during the study period that it is not steady and characterized by relative stability around the arithmetic mean, as it reaches an average around about 852.59 thousand tons. The food gap of sugar in Egypt increased by a statistically insignificant quantity estimated as about 10.46 thousand tons annually. Whereas, the quantity of sugar imports in Egypt reducing d by a statistically insignificant quantity estimated as about 17.12 thousand tons per year, and the value of imports and the import price of sugar has been increased by a statistically significant quantity estimated at about $ 30.69 million and $ 119.18 / ton per year for each, respectively. The results showed that the sugar cane exceeds the sugar beet in the contribution in the total production of sugar in Egypt over sugar beet during the study period, as the average contribution of sugar cane is about 55.44%, while sugar beet contributed about 44.56% of the total production of sugar in Egypt during the study period. The contribution of sugar beet is greater than sugar cane in recent years beginning from 2014. The results also shows a higher amount of leakage from the production and production wastage of sugar cane compared to sugar beet, and this may be due to the consuming of a part from the total sugar cane production quantities in the production of black honey, fresh consumption and other uses rather than using it in sugar factories, or the decrease in the income that producers get from selling their production to factories compared to the income of selling the cane to the owners of juicers.

[Manal Al-Sayed Mohammed Al-Kheshen,. Doaa Samir Mohamed Morsy Ahmed, Doaa Fattouh Abdel Salam Ismail. An Economic Study of the Sugar Nutritional Gap and the Possibilities to overcome it in Egypt. Nat Sci 2021;19(2):20-32]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190221.03.

Key words: The nutritional gap -Average per capita - leakage from production -Losses from production

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Response Of The Groundwater Regime Of The South Fergana River Basins To Global Warming

Mirzahmedov Ismoiljon Karimjon ugli¹, Boymirzayev Karimdjon Mirzakhmedovich²

^1,2Department of Geography, Namangan State University, Uychi street 160136, Uzbekistan,

Abstract: The article presents the results of assessing the response of the groundwater regime in the river basins of South Fergana to global warming.

[Mirzahmedov I, Boymirzayev K. Response Of The Groundwater Regime Of The South Fergana River Basins To Global Warming. Nat Sci 2021;19(2):33-36]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190221.04.

Key words: global warming, groundwater, groundwater level, fan, river basin, trend.

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An evaluation of motivation in students

Mahdiyeh Akbarzadeh¹, Dr. Masud Tajaldini²

¹MSc in literature of English, Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Iran

²Associate Professor in Department of English Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, kerman Branch, Iran

Mahdiyeakbarzadeh96@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper examines the motivation of a group of students. An expected outcome of the study is the enhancement of the student experience, through improving both the study environment and the goals that are set so that each contributes in a positive way to every student’s motivation. The study attempts to measure ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ motivation of students by employing qualitative data-gathering methods, including questionnaires and semistructured interviews. Historic data has also been consulted to supply additional evidence, for instance the personal statement and the grades and subjects obtained prior to entry, which help identify primary influences in students’ motivation. Whilst most students may be expected to demonstrate both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, this, limited, study indicates that many at student operate more intrinsically. If confirmed by more extensive research, such a finding suggests that students might benefit from more loosely specified assignments; giving them freedom to choose from their laboratory work and assignments aspects in which they have a greater personal interest. This hypothesis is supported by comments received at interview with students.

[Mahdiyeh Akbarzadeh, Masud Tajaldini. An evaluation of motivation in students. Nat Sci 2021;19(2):37-41]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190221.05.

Keywords: motivation; intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic; student’s

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Effect of Superabsorbent Polymer on Yield of Lettuce

H. Taheri¹, A. Soltani Mohammadi² and N. Alemzadeh Ansari³

^1-M. Sc. Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. h.taheri15193@gmail.com

^2-Assistant professor of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran, A.soltani@scu.ac.ir

^3- Associate professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of superabsorbent polymer on the Lettuce yield, experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design factorial with two treatments of irrigation regime at three levels (60, 80 and 100 percent of crop water requirement) and four superabsorbent hydrogel application (0, 4, 6 and 8 g per kg of soil) in three replication in the research field of Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The results showed that the use of superabsorbent and drought stress has a significant effect on yield and the highest performance (572.3 g) was obtained in non stress conditions (100 percent crop water requirement) and application of 6 g superabsorbent hydrogel per kilogram of soil. Using the above conditions for the production of more yields is recommended.

[Taheri H, Soltani Mohammadi A, Alemzadeh Ansari N. Effect of Superabsorbent Polymer on Yield of Lettuce. Nat Sci 2021;19(2):42-45]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190221.06.

Keywords: Superabsorbent, Drought stress, Yield.

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Predictive Value of Serum versus Follicular Fluid Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome

Ahmed Abd Allah Abo Alez ^1*, Prof. Mahmoud Farouk Midan², Prof. Samia Mohamad Eid², Prof. Tarek Mostafa Emran ³

¹ Obstetrics and Gynecology department, El Mahalla General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Egypt.

² Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Damietta), Egypt.

³ Clinical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Damietta), Egypt.

^*Email: ahmedaboalez200@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Although multiple studies have established the association between serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels and evaluation of ovarian reserve and successful outcomes in Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) procedure. However, there is still debate about the exact role of follicular fluid (FF) AMH in ICSI outcomes. Aim of the work: To compare serum and FF AMH levels as predictors of intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. Patients and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 85 ladies with different indications for ICSI. After ovarian stimulation, both serum and FF AMH were assessed. Both of the previous parameters were correlated with oocyte maturation, fertilization capacity, embryos quality and pregnancy outcomes. Results: The mean value of serum AMH was 1.91 ng/ml (range, 1 – 3.3), while follicular fluid AMH had mean values of 1 ng/ml (range, 0.2 – 2.8). No significant correlation was reported between serum and FF AMH levels (p = 0.965 – r = 0.005). Serum AMH had significantly higher levels in pregnant cases (2.09 vs. 1.66 ng/ml in non-pregnant cases – p = 0.001). However, follicular fluid AMH did not significantly differ between the two groups. Using a cut-off value of 1.55 ng/ml, serum AMH had sensitivity and specificity of 72 and 60% respectively to predict pregnancy. Serum AMH had significant correlation with the number of retrieved oocytes, meiotic status, oocyte score, fertilization capacity, and embryo quality. Conclusion: Serum AMH appear to be more useful than its FF levels. Its levels showed a significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.

[Ahmed Abd Allah Abo Alez, Mahmoud Farouk Midan, Samia Mohamad Eid, Tarek Mostafa Emran. Predictive Value of Serum versus Follicular Fluid Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome. Nat Sci 2021;19(2):46-53]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190221.07.

Key words: Anti-Mullerian hormone; Follicular fluid; ICSI outcomes.

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Production Scale and Dung/Manure Management of Pig Farmers in Ifo Local Government Area of Ogun State

Omowumi A. Olowa, Olatomide W. Olowa and Umoru John Issah

Department of Agricultural Science

Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka

Abstract: Over the years, structural changes in pig production has led to obvious increase in scale of production through the establishment of medium to large industrial sized pig farms. This has given rise to monumental increase in pig dung with attendant waste management challenges that need to be addressed. This paper seek to analyze the impact of structural changes in pig production and how they affect manure management practices. Data were collected from three hundred pig farmers in Ifo local Government Area through the use of questionnaire. These data were analysed using mean, standard deviation and multinomial logit regression. The results showed that the scale of pig production has an important impact on the pattern of pig manure management. Moreover, the results from descriptive statistics and multinomial estimation suggest that smaller pig producers are more likely to apply pig manure to their own lands, while larger pig producers are more likely to sell the manure or find other ways to dispose of it. It was recommended among others that environmental policies that encourage greater manure treatment should be encouraged.

[Omowumi A. Olowa, Olatomide W. Olowa and Umoru John Issah. Production Scale and Dung/Manure Management of Pig Farmers in Ifo Local Government Area of Ogun State. Nat Sci 2021;19(2):54-61]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190221.08.

Key Words: Pig manure, Environmental Management, Farmers, Production Scale

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