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Evaluation of Coag-flocculation Kinetics and Functional Parameters Response for the Treatment of Brewery Effluent using three Natural Coagulants

B I. Okolo^,*, P.C. Nnaji^*, M.C. Menkiti^**, O.D. Onukwuli^**

^* Department of Chemical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria

^** Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria

nnaji_pat@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study evaluated the coag-flocculation performance of three coagulants prepared from Okra pods (Hibiscus esulentus L), Detarium Microcarpum and Cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp.) in the treatment of brewery effluent. A conventional laboratory bench – scale Jar Test was used for the experiment. The coagulant dosages range from 100 – 500mg/L and effluent pH varied from 2.0 – 10.0. Coag-flocculation efficiency and functional kinetic parameter response at various pH and dosages studied were evaluated. The maximum coag-flocculation performance for Okra Pod Coagulant (OPC), was recorded at pH 2, 200mg/L dosage, rate constant, K, of L/mg.min, and coagulation period,  of 0.52mins; for Detarium Microcarpum Coagulant(DMC), pH 2, 200mg/L dosage, rate constant, K, L/mg.min,and coagulation period,  of 3.28min; and for Cocoyam Coagulant(CYC), pH 2, 400mg/L dosage, rate constant, K, L/mg.min, and coagulation period of 0.03min respectively. The maximum coag-flocculation performance efficiency recorded at pH 2 after 30minutes of coag-flocculation for three coagulants studied range between 70-92%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistical difference of the coag-flocculation performance of the three coagulants at various pH and dosages. The test of significant indicates that increasing the coagulant dosage from 100 to 500mg/L has no significant difference on the coag-flocculation performance at the same pH.

[I.Okolo^,, P.C. Nnaji, M.C. Menkiti, O.D. Onukwuli. Evaluation of Coag-flocculation Kinetics and Functional Parameters Response for the Treatment of Brewery Effluent using three Natural Coagulants. Nat Sci 2023, 23(6):1-9]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210623.01.

Keywords: Coag-flocculation, Natural Coagulants, Brewery Effluent, Turbidity Removal

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Checking the relationship between the quality of financial reporting, debt maturity and investment performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

Issa heidari  ^{1 ,} Ali abdolahi ² , Mohammadjavad ghanvatiyan³

^1.Department of accounting shoushtar branch Islamic azad university shoushtar I ran

². sama technical and vocational training college,Islamic Azad University,Mahshahr Branch,Mahshahr,Iran

³. Mohammadjavad ghanvatiyan Department of accounting,Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran.

Abstract: This study investigates the impact on the quality of financial reporting and short-term debt on investment efficiency and  also  the impact  of short-term debt on rate of the quality of financial reporting and on investment performance . To this end, 79 companies was selected during the years 1386 to 1391 by the systematic elimination of the companies listed on the Stock Exchange. Data analysis was carried out by the combined data and  by generalized least squares method. The results showed that the quality of financial reporting did not affect  the performance of investment and short-term debt on investment efficiency . It was also found the level of short-term debt has no effect on the quality of financial reporting  and on investment efficiency.

[Issa heidari Ali abdolahi, Mohammadjavad ghanvatiyan.  Checking the relationship between the quality of          financial reporting, debt maturity and investment performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange Nat Sci 2023,23(6):10-17]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210623.02.

Keywords: Quality of accruals, the level of short-term debt, financial reporting quality and investment efficiency

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“A study on mutagenic potency of industrial effluents in and around Bhilai city of Chhattisgarh, India”

 Aradhana Sharma and Shweta Singh Chouhan*  

Department of Biotechnology, Kalyan P. G. College, Sector-7, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh.

*Correspondence: mrs.shwetasinghchouhan@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT: Mutagens are the chemical or physical agents which are capable of altering the genetic makeup of living cells, thus causing mutations. These mutations result into various diseases including cancers in human and other live stocks and confer antibiotic resistance to the pathogenic microorganisms. Such mutagens also cause cytogenotoxicity in plants and animals. With the increasing pollution problem, people are much more exposed to such mutagens and even encounter them routinely in their day to day life, hence risking their health unknowingly. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the mutagenic potency of the effluent wastes discharged by five industries located at Bhilai and Raipur cities of Chhattisgarh, India. The effluent samples were subjected to Ames Mutagenicity assay using bacterial tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA-100) and Escherichia coli (JW1254-2). The number of revertant colonies increased significantly on addition of effluent samples (in contrast to controls) emphasizing the mutagenic potential of the respective samples which was recorded in the decreasing order as of Shri ShyamJi Chemicals, Ultratech Cement Pvt. Ltd., Bhilai Engineesring Coorporation, Simplex and Bhilai Steel Plant, respectively for E. coli JW1254-2, while mixed results were obtained for S. typhimurium.

[Aradhana Sharma and Shweta Singh Chouhan. “A study on mutagenic potency of industrial effluents in and around Bhilai city of Chhattisgarh, India”. Nat Sci 2023, 23(6):18-23]. ISSN1545-0740 (print);    ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210623.03.

Key Words: Ame’s Test, mutagenic potency, industrial effluewnts.

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Effect of Temperature and Solvent Composition on the Acid Dissociation Constants of 2-Pyrrol and 2-Thiophene Aldehyde Phenyl Sulphonyl Hydrazones

Refaat I.Nessim¹ and Emad E. Albalaa²

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Egypt

 2 Faculty of Basic Education, Public Authority of Applied Education and Training, Kuwait

refaat_nessim@hotmail.com

 Abstract:  Acid dissociation constants, pKa ,  of 2-pyrrolaldehyde phenylsulphonyl hydrazone , 1, and 2-thiophenealdehyde phenylsulphonyl hydrazone, 2,  have been determined spectrophotometrically in ethanol-water media of various composition over the temperature range 25-45^oC. The obtained results were used in the calculation of the enthalpy, ∆H^o, and the entropy, ∆S^o, of the ionization processes. The slight variations observed in the P^Ka values of the thiophene compound compared to the pyrrol analogue revealed that neither of the two hetero atoms in the pyrrol  or thiophene rings, of the two compounds, is involved in a hydrogen bond chelation. This conclusion was also confirmed through measurements of the dipole moment, IR and NMR spectra.

[Refaat I. Nessim and Emad E. Albalaa. Effect of Temperature and Solvent Composition on the Acid Dissociation Constants of 2-Pyrrol and 2-Thiophene Aldehyde Phenyl Sulphonyl Hydrazones. Nat Sci 2023, 23(6):24-27]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210623.04.

Keywords: Effect; Temperature; Solvent Composition; Acid Dissociation Constant; 2-Pyrrol and 2-Thiophene Aldehyde Phenyl Sulphonyl Hydrazones

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Topic: Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asymptomatic Individuals

Duru Carissa¹, Nwanegbo Edward¹, Ejikeugwu Chika²*, Okonkwo Eucharia², Onyia Chukwuebuka³, Esimone Charles¹

Author’s affiliation

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Nigeria

²Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

³Department of Science Laboratory and Technology, OSISATECH Polytechnic, Enugu, Nigeria

Corresponding author

Ejikeugwu Chika

Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

ejikeugwu_chika@yahoo.com

+2348097684562

ABSTRACT： Bacterial organisms producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are becoming a major problem in infectious disease units globally; and this is due in part to the multidrug resistance nature of these pathogens – which makes it difficult to select antibiotics for the treatment of infections that they cause. This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and ESBL production among feacal isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in asymptomatic healthy individuals in the community. A total of 192 feacal samples collected between September 2011 and June 2012 were bacteriologically cultured onto Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar plates supplemented with 1 µg/ml of either ceftazidime or cefotaxime. Positive cultures were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby – Bauer sensitivity testing method. All the recovered test isolates were identified based on standard biochemical/microbiological techniques. Presumptive ESBL producing isolates were phenotypically confirmed by the double disc synergy test (DDST) method. Eight (17.02 %) isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Of these, 5 (62.5 %) were Escherichia coli and 3 (37.5 %) of the isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed high resistance to the tested antibiotics especially to the third generation cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim. However, none of the isolates was resistant to imipenem, a carbapenem. Conclusively, our findings suggest that asymptomatic healthy individuals could serve as potential reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria in the community.

[Duru Carissa, Nwanegbo Edward, Ejikeugwu Chika, Okonkwo Eucharia, Onyia Chukwuebuka, Esimone Charles. Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asymptomatic Individuals. Nat Sci 2023,23(6):29-34].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  05.doi:10.7537/marsnsj210623.05.

Keywords: ESBLs, Enterobacteriaceae, Asymptomatic infection, Antimicrobial Resistance

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Urban church forests for urban temperature regulation: Implications the role of managing and incorporating urban green area in urban planning

Tulu Tura

Mr. Tulu Tolla Tura PhD student at Centre for Environment Science, College of life science, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.

Po. Box 1176

Phone: +251-0911907038

tulutollatura@gmail.com

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract： The global surface temperature shows an increment of 0.5+ 0.1⁰C per decade and 1.05+ 0.3 ⁰C per century from 1880-2014 with greater increases in cities than non-urban areas. Global communities are shifting towards urbanization due to various factors. Urbanization has caused lack of stable condition for dwellers due to environmental and anthropogenic factors such as land cover changes. Urban temperature rising is the main factors hindering urban dwellers at global level due to insufficient green areas. Social institutions are playing important role in urban greening and urban climate regulation.  Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church has long history in biodiversity conservation and greening role in urban and rural parts of the country. However, there is a research gap in Ethiopia regarding the role of urban green area in the church yards in urban temperature regulation. Therefore, the study evaluated the role of church managed forests in Addis Ababa in regulating surface temperature. Surface temperature inside four church forest at a buffer radius of 0-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m and 200-500m estimated using Landsat image thermal band 6 of 1986, 2000 and 2010 and ground measurement by ambient thermometer at 10:00am, 12:30am and 3:00pm local time. The ground measurement was done in order to validate satellite image analysis. Plant species diversity, DBH, H, HC, BH and BA was measured. There were 1167 trees in the four studied churches. The mean temperatures of the studied sites were 22.5+0.1, 23.25+0.2, 24+ 0.6, 24.6 +1.1 and 25.5+2.2 ⁰C on site, 0-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m and 200-500m respectively for 1986 images; 23.2+0.5, 23.3 + 1.0, 24.3+2.1, 24.8+2.2 and 25.5+1.8 ⁰C on site, 0-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m and 200-500m respectively for 2000 images and 23.2+0.3, 23.27+0.2,  23.7+1.6, 24+1.4 and 24.7+1.3 ⁰C on site, 0-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m and 200-500m respectively for 2010 images. The results illustrated a significant influence of green area on urban temperature in the buffering radius and imply the possibility of regulating urban temperature by planning urban green area in appropriate radius interval. Therefore, the study indicated that church forests in particular, social institution and urban green area in general have significant role in urban temperature regulation.

[Tulu Tura. Urban church forests for urban temperature regulation: Implications the role of managing and incorporating urban green area in urban planning. Nat Sci 2023,23(6):35-50]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  06.doi:10.7537/marsnsj210623.06.

Key words: Urban green area, Church forest, urban temperature, green area buffer, and urban planning

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The Monitoring of Changes in Meteorological Quantities in Different Periods

Gulman Kholbaev ¹, Khamrakul Egamberdiev ², Doston Eshmirzaev ³

^1. Candidate of Geographical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

^2. Doctor of Geographical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

^3. Master’s student, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Abstract: The article analyzes the monitoring of air temperature changes in different periods during months at the Samarkand meteorological station. The temperature changes in the autumn months are 30.2º÷3.9ºС, in the winter months 0.8º÷8.2ºС, in the spring months 6.7º÷26.6ºС and in the summer months 19.4º÷34.3ºС, the temperature amplitude in the autumn months is 3.1º÷6.8ºС, in winter months – 2.6º÷3.2ºС, in spring months – 3.3º÷6.2ºС, in summer months – 6.3º÷7.1ºС. Between the periods of observation, a sharp rise in air temperature is observed in the summer months. The main reason for this is the difference in the distribution of the duration of the Sun’s rays over the months.

[Kholbaev G, Egamberdiev Kh, Eshmirzaev В. The Monitoring of Changes in Meteorological Quantities in Different Periods Nat Sci 2023,23(6):51-58].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature   07. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210623.07.

Keywords: Agriculture; vegetation; cotton; wheat; station; air temperature; period; maturity; meteorological quantities; changes

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