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INDUSTRIAL APPRAISAL OF TALCOSE ROCK FROM BREWERY AREA, ILESA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

*Alao-Daniel, A. B.   and Atanda, O. I.

 Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: adedamolaalaodaniel@oauife.edu.ng

Abstract: The talcose rock of Brewery area, Ilesa in the Ife-Ilesa Schist Belt, Southwestern Nigeria was investigated using physical properties and geochemical properties in order to evaluate its economic potentials. Five (5) samples were collected, sealed in polythene bag and labeled differently. They were taken to the laboratory for analyses where they were first air dried and grinded. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis and determination of physical properties that included Loss on Ignition, LOI; Water Absorption Capacity, WAC; Linear Shrinkage (LS); pH and colour were carried out on each sample. From the XRF, the talc samples have average SiO₂ concentration of 55.41 wt. %, MgO (26.6 wt. %), Fe₂O₃ (6.38 wt. %), Al₂O₃ (2.42 wt. %), P­₂O₅ (0.37 wt. %), MnO (0.08 wt. %), CaO (0.05 wt. %) and Na₂O (0.004 wt. %).  From the physical properties carried out, this talcose rock have LOI of 4.44%, LS of 2.42, WAC of 7.75%, pH of 7.89 and on firing, colour of brown. The talcose rocks plotted in the peridotitic-komatiite field of the Al₂O₃ – (FeO + TiO₂) – MgO diagram. This study concluded that the talcose rock can be used for different industrial purposes like ceramics, roofing, plastics, cosmetics, rubber, paints, textile and refraction.

[Alao-Daniel, A. B.   and Atanda, O. I. INDUSTRIAL APPRAISAL OF TALCOSE ROCK FROM BREWERY AREA, ILESA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA. Nat Sci 2023,21(7):1-12]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210723.01.

Keywords: Economic Potentials, Physical Properties, Refraction, Industrial

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Knowledge of Primary School Teachers Regarding Dental Trauma Management in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.

Manar Alrashidi1* and Aman Khan2

1. General dentist at the Nees Medical clinic, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.

*Correspondence: E-mail: manar1415.7.11@gmail.com.

2. Specialist Orthodontic at the Nees Medical clinic, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: Khanaman045@gmail.com.

Abstract. Objectives: The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the knowledge of schoolteachers in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, regarding traumatic dental injuries and their management. The secondary aim was to examine the impact of gender, age, receiving first aid training, and years of experience on teachers' knowledge in this area. Material and methods: Data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended structured questions from male and female teachers in primary schools located in Al-Baha City. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: part one collected basic demographic information, while part two focused on questions related to the management of dental traumatic injuries. The total sample size for the study was 162 teachers. Results: The questionnaire was filled in by 162 primary schoolteachers. Merely 8% of the teachers had undergone a first-aid training program, and only 5% received information about dental injury management in such training. Regarding the knowledge of dental traumatic injury management, 72% of the teachers recognized the significance of time in treatment. A small percentage of teachers provided correct answers regarding the appropriate storage medium. Conclusion: Primary schoolteachers' knowledge of dental traumatic injury management is inadequate.

[Manar Alrashidi and Aman Khan. Knowledge of Primary School Teachers Regarding Dental Trauma Management in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Nat Sci 2023,21(7):13-18].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  02.doi:10.7537/marsnsj210723.02.

Key words: knowledge, dental trauma, children, teachers.

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Effect of Temperature and Solvent Composition on the Acid Dissociation Constants of 2-Pyrrol and 2-Thiophene Aldehyde Phenyl Sulphonyl Hydrazones

Refaat I.Nessim¹ and Emad E. Albalaa²

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Egypt

 2 Faculty of Basic Education, Public Authority of Applied Education and Training, Kuwait

refaat_nessim@hotmail.com

Abstract: Acid dissociation constants, pKa,  of 2-pyrrolaldehyde phenylsulphonyl hydrazone, 1, and 2-thiophenealdehyde phenylsulphonyl hydrazone, 2,  have been determined spectrophotometrically in ethanol-water media of various composition over the temperature range 25-45^oC. The obtained results were used in the calculation of the enthalpy, ∆H^o, and the entropy, ∆S^o, of the ionization processes. The slight variations observed in the P^Ka values of the thiophene compound compared to the pyrrol analogue revealed that neither of the two hetero atoms in the pyrrol  or thiophene rings, of the two compounds, is involved in a hydrogen bond chelation. This conclusion was also confirmed through measurements of the dipole moment, IR and NMR spectra.

[Refaat I.Nessim and Emad E. Albalaa. Effect of Temperature and Solvent Composition on the Acid Dissociation Constants of 2-Pyrrol and 2-Thiophene Aldehyde Phenyl Sulphonyl Hydrazones. Nat Sci 2023,21(7):19-24]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210723.03.

Keywords: Temperature; Solvent Composition; Acid Dissociation Constant;  2-Pyrrol and 2-Thiophene Aldehyde Phenyl Sulphonyl Hydrazones

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Hydrocarbon Degradation Potentials of Bacteria Isolated from Spent Lubricating Oil Contaminated Soil

Adeniyi A. OGUNJOBI and Jonathan Okokon EKANEM*

Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author email: johnnykoko01@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cleaning up petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites has been a major challenge. This has led to the exploration of many approaches to affect the cleanup of the polluted soils. The degradation of spent lubricating oil by bacteria species isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil was investigated in this study. A total of sixteen hydrocarbon degrading bacteria species were isolated from spent lubricating oil contaminated soil. The predominant species belonged to the genera Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. Three strains namely Nocardia sp., Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp showed the highest potential for hydrocarbon utilization. Their ability to degrade both the aliphatic (n-alkanes) and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) components of the spent lubricating oil in MSM was investigated after 21days of biodegradation studies using gas chromatographic (GC) techniques. Over 98% of the n-alkane and PAHs fraction of the spent lubricating oil supplied at 1.0%vv^-1 concentration was degraded by the three strains. Nocardia sp showed the highest percentage of degradation of about 99%. This study has shown that resident bacteria strains in lubricating oil contaminated soils have potential application in the bioremediation of oil polluted sites and enhance the possibility of developing models and strategies for removing hydrocarbon pollutants from the environment.

[Adeniyi A. OGUNJOBI and Jonathan Okokon EKANEM. Hydrocarbon Degradation Potentials of Bacteria Isolated from Spent Lubricating Oil Contaminated Soil. Nat Sci 2023,21(7):25-35]. ISSN 1545-0740(print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210723.04.

Keywords: Biodegradation, hydrocarbon, spent lubricating oil, gas chromatography

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REVIEW: ‘THE MIRCOBIOLOGY OF WEST AFRICA FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS’

O.Awo^1*, K. Tano-Debrah², F.k.Salia², J. Owusu-Kwarteng¹, L. Jespersen³, J. Pernille³

¹Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 24  Navrongo Campus, Ghana.

²Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 134 Legon, Ghana

³Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

Oliverawo63@gmail.com

Abstract: Fermented dairy products have been preserved and used by humans, since pre-historic times. They were mostly made and used in: Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Northern and Eastern Europe (Sawadogo et al., 2004).  Cutting across cultures, fermented dairy products in West Africa are mostly yoghurt-like in nature. And their mode of processing varies from one region to the other. However, the raw material is mostly, un-pasteurized, unskimmed milk (Eka and Ohaba, 1997).

[O.Awo, K. Tano-Debrah², F.k.Salia, J. Owusu-Kwarteng, L. Jespersen, J. Pernille. REVIEW: ‘THE MIRCOBIOLOGY OF WEST AFRICA FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS’. Nat Sci 2023,21(7):36-39].ISSN1545-0740 (print); ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  05.doi:10.7537/marsnsj210723.05.

Keywords：Fermented dairy product; human; nature

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Activity of Semi Purified Fractions of T. diversifolia and W.ugandensis against Selected Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Strains

Peter Ogoti^*, Esther Magiri, Gabriel Magoma, Daniel Kariuki

Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology,

P.o Box 62000-00200, Nairobi.

^*Correspondence should be addressed to P. Ogoti,ogotim2002@yahoo.co.uk, +254700354243, +254728957828, emagiri@jkuat.ac.ke, gmagoma2000@gmail.com, sobs@jkuat.ac.ke,

Abstract： The aim of this study was to determine in vitro anti-Salmonella activity of semi purified fractions of methanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of Warburgia ugandensis stem bark and roots against four clinical isolates of Salmonella strains.  The methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of the two plants were purified using silica column chromatography. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the semi purified fractions determined by microdilution assay. The MIC values of the fractions ranged from 1.22-312.5µg/ml. These results were comparable with that of ciprofloxacin (1.22-19.53µg/ml). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out to identify the important compounds in the active fractions. A total of thirty three known compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. For example, hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z), 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and beta-sesquiphellandrene identified by GC-MS are known to have antimicrobial property. These findings demonstrate that the semi purified fractions of T.diversifolia and W. ugandensis are diverse and exhibit appreciable amount of anti-Salmonella activity and thus have great potential as a source for natural health products.

[Peter Ogoti, Esther Magiri, Gabriel Magoma, Daniel Kariuki. Activity of Semi Purified Fractions of T. diversifolia and W. ugandensis against Selected Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Strains. Nat Sci 2023, 21(7):40-50]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  06.doi:10.7537/marsnsj210723.06.

Keywords: T. diversifolia, W. ugandesis, Anti-Salmonella activity, Microdilution assay, Silica gel column chromatography, GC-MS

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REMEDIATION POTENTIALS OF PLEUROTUS FLORIDA ON SPENT LUBRICATING OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL

Okafor S. A^1*, Fadina, O.O¹, Idowu. O.O.² and Aregbesola, O.Z^{3, 4}

1Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

2National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria

³Department of Agriculture, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo, Nigeria

⁴Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy

(*Correspondence: stephenbuchi@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT: Soil contamination by spent lubricating oil (SLO) is a common occurrence in developing countries where agriculture is the mainstay of rural inhabitants, especially in the oil producing ones. The white-rot fungus, Pleurotus florida was investigated for its ability to mineralize heavy metals, improve soil nutrients and reduce the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) in spent lubricating oil contaminated soil after 2 months. Effect of different contamination levels on the growth of mycelia was also studied. 4 kg of top soil was thoroughly mixed with100 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml, 800 ml and 1600 ml of the SLO to give 2.5 %, 5 %, 10 %, 20 % and 40 % contamination levels respectively and a set of control was kept at 0 %. Ten grams of vigorously growing spawn of the fungus was added and observed at 1 and 2 months of incubation. The mycelia growth decreased as the level of contamination increased. At 2 months, the TPH reduced from 265.33 ml/kg to 232 ml/kg for 10 % contaminated soil and from 52.33 ml/kg to 35 ml/kg for 2.5 %. Nutrient contents were high at 1 month, but decreased after 2 months. Levels of heavy metals like Mn, Ni, Pb, Cr and Zn fluctuated at 1 month but were followed by significant decreases after 2 months. The levels of Mn and Ni reduced from 9.53 mg/kg to 8.81 mg/kg, and 9.51 mg/kg to 8.23 mg/kg respectively for 40 % contamination after 2 months. The improvement of nutrient contents, bioaccumulation of heavy metals, and reduction of TPH across all concentration tested through inocubation with P. florida is of importance for mycoremediation of spent oil polluted soils.

[Peter Ogoti, Esther Magiri, Gabriel Magoma, Daniel Kariuki. Activity of Semi Purified Fractions of T. diversifolia and W.ugandensis against Selected Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Strains. Nat Sci 2023,21(7):51-58]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  07. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210723.07.

Key words: Mycoremediation, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, pollution, Pleurotus florida, contaminated soil

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