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The Influence of Toktogul Reservoir on the Variability of Naryn River Flow

Fazliddin Khikmatov¹, Barkamol Rapikov²

¹Department of Land Hydrology, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan

² Department of Geography and Environmental Protection, Namangan State University

Abstract. The article is devoted to assessing the impact of the Toktogul reservoir based on variability of the annual flow of the Naryn River. Toktogul Reservoir is the largest reservoir in Central Asia; its construction began in 1962 and was completed in 1975. The reservoir's total (designed) water capacity is 19.5 km³, and the useful volume is 14.0 km³. In the study, special attention is paid to the study of the influence of the conditions of the reservoir used in the irrigation and energy regimes on the river flow. Statistical indicator of the river flow variability - coefficient of variation (C_v) was determined for three calculation periods. The value of the variation coefficient of the annual flow of the Naryn River for the natural water regime, i.e., accounting period I (1930-1974), was equal to C_v=0.22. During accounting period II (1975-1994), when the Toktogul reservoir was operated in the irrigation mode, the variation coefficient of the annual flow of the Naryn River was equal to C_v=0.24. It was determined that the value of the variation coefficient calculated for accounting period III (1995-2020), when the Toktogul reservoir operated in the energy mode, was equal to C_v=0.10. As a result, it has been shown that the value of the variation coefficient of Naryn River flow has decreased with the transition of the water reservoir from irrigation mode to energy mode operation.

[Fazliddin Kh., at el. The Influence of Toktogul Reservoir on the Variability of Naryn River Flow. Nat Sci 2025,23(5):1-6]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230525.01

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Ways To Develop Active Tourism In Uzbekistan

AKTIV TURIZMNI O‘ZBEKISTONDA RIVOJLANTIRISH YO‘LLARI

ПУТИ РАЗВИТИЯ АКТИВНОГО ТУРИЗМА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ

Egamberdiyeva Yulduz Xamroqul qizi

Oriental Universiteti Uzluksiz ta’lim kafedrasi dotsenti

Tel.: +998909014448

e-mail: syulduz0111@gmail.com

Abstract. Active tourism is a rapidly growing segment of the global travel industry, offering numerous health, social, and economic benefits. Uzbekistan, with its diverse geography and rich natural resources, possesses considerable potential for the development of active tourism, particularly in its mountainous and rural regions. However, despite recent governmental interest in tourism development, active tourism remains an underutilized resource due to infrastructural deficiencies, low public awareness, and lack of specialized services. This theoretical study analyzes the current state of active tourism in Uzbekistan based on secondary data and international best practices. The paper identifies key barriers to development and proposes strategic recommendations focused on infrastructure investment, capacity building, community involvement, and sustainability. The findings suggest that active tourism can serve as a catalyst for regional development and public health improvement, provided that an integrated and well-supported policy framework is implemented.

[Egamberdiyeva Yulduz Xamroqul qizi. Ways To Develop Active Tourism In Uzbekistan.Nat Sci 2025,23(5):7-9]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230525.02

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Classification Of Enclave Areas

Toshpulatov Abdukodir Makhammadjon ugli¹, Jumakhanov Shavkatjon Zairjanovich²

Department of Geography, Andijan State University, Andijan, 170100, Uzbekistan¹

Department of Geography and environmental protection, Namangan State University, Namangan, 160107, Uzbekistan²

E-mail: abduqodirdsc@gmail.com

Abstract. This article focuses on the historical origins, classification, geopolitical status, economic and socio-geographical characteristics, and developmental aspects of enclave/exclave territories, which contribute to certain interregional challenges. Unlike other socio-political studies, this research approaches enclaves and exclaves as geographical and geopolitical categories.  The core objective of the article is to provide a theoretical analysis of the concepts of enclaves and exclaves while also describing their geographical attributes. Additionally, it classifies the various manifestations of enclaves/exclaves and examines the ways in which they can be approached. This classification considers their topological and administrative features, analyzing them through economic-geographical principles. These principles help define and describe the unique characteristics of such territories.

[Toshpulatov at. el. Classification Of Enclave Areas. Nat Sci 2025,23(5):10-18]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230525.03

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Modification Of The Landscapes Of The Fergana Valley And Features Of Their Development

Mirzahmedov Ismoiljon Karimjon ugli

Departament of Geography and environmental protection, PhD, Docent, Namangan State University, Namangan, 160107, Uzbekistan

E-mail: ismoil_landsat@mail.ru

Abstract. The Fergana Valley is one of the most complex and dynamically changing regions in Central Asia. The landscapes of this area are constantly transforming under the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. This study analyzes the geomorphological structure, climatic conditions, hydrographic characteristics, and human-induced changes in the valley. In particular, it examines the degradation of landscapes, soil erosion, and environmental challenges resulting from agriculture, industry, and urbanization. Furthermore, the research discusses sustainable development strategies for the landscapes of the Fergana Valley, measures for environmental protection, and ways to maintain ecological balance. The findings of this study are essential for environmental management and regional planning in the area.

[Mirzahmedov I.K. Modification Of The Landscapes Of The Fergana Valley And Features Of Their Development. Nat Sci 2025,23(5):19-22]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230525.04

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Assessment of landscape transformation and ensuring stability in river basins (a case study of the Fergana valley)

Hakimov Mirkobil

Doctoral student of Namangan State University, Namangan, 160107, Uzbekistan

E-mail: m_hakimov@gmail.com

Abstract. This thesis analyzes the transformation of landscapes in the river basins of the Fergana Valley, its causes, and manifestations. Proposals and recommendations have been developed to address the changes and ecological issues that have arisen to ensure the sustainability of the landscapes. The analyses present scientifically based solutions for maintaining the ecological stability of landscapes and improving their current state.

[Hakimov M. Assessment of landscape transformation and ensuring stability in river basins (a case study of the Fergana valley). Nat Sci 2025,23(5):23-26]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230525.05

Key words: landscape transformation; sustainability; ecological issues; river basins; Fergana Valley; ecological analysis; anthropogenic impact; natural balance.

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