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Morphometric and Allometric study of Campsis grandiflora  Species Collected from Mountainous Region of Gilgit, Pakistan

Issar Karim¹, Tajidar Ali Taj ¹, Fozia Jammal¹, Fatima Ali¹, Imrana Wali¹, Nasreen², Tika Khan¹

1. Department of Plant Sciences, Karakoram International University, Konodas Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan; 2. Department of Animal Sciences, Karakoram International University, Konodas Gilgit, 15100

qaziissar@gmail.com
 

Abstract: Campsis grandiflora, native to East Asia, is loved for its showy flowers and aggressive growth habit. It is adapted to varied adapho-climatic conditions. It is cultivated widely because of ornamental and medicinal choice. Study was carried out to investigate impact of independent variables i.e. slop, sunshine, humidity and elevation. Quantitative dependent variables were length, width and area of sepals, petals, stamens, pistils and leaves. Research revealed that mean sepal (total number in a flower = 05) length recorded was 15.50 mm (R² 0.4008), width of 0.57 mm (R² = 0.4329) and area 4.12 mm² (R² = 0.4076). Mean petal (total number in a flower = 05) recorded was 30.24 mm (R² = 0.1703), width 12.20 mm (R ² = 0.224), and area 263.03 mm² (R² = 0.4952). Stamens (total number in a flower = 4) with a mean length of 27.62 mm (R² = 0.072),  width 0.47 mm ( R² = 0.2259) and area 12.77 mm² (R² = 0.1818). Moreover, carpels with a mean width of 0.8 mm, length 49.8 mm (R² = 0.400) and area 13.80 mm² (R²  = 0.407). The mean length of leaves was 33.56 mm (R² = 0.1046), width 18.06 mm (R² = 0.018) and area 713.75 mm² (R² = 0.0399). Current investigation concluded that Campsis grandiflora growing at slightly lower altitude bear brighter and vibrant colored flowers. Number of floral parts showed no variation across altitudes. Plant prefers higher sunshine, longer sunny days, slightly silty and lesser humidity for growth. Petals show highest vulnerability towards climatic conditions including altitude, soil type, average temperature, and water availability. Plant population in Danyore showed greater size and smaller in Khomer. Leaves data reveals  a greater influence of climatic conditions. There is a direct correlation between slop, sunlight and temperature with the size of the leaves.

[Karim I, Taj TA, Jamal F, Ali F, Wali I, Nasreen, Khan T. Morphometric and Allometric study of Campsis grandiflora  Species Collected from Mountainous Region of Gilgit, Pakistan. Nat Sci 2025,23(6):1-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230625.01

Key words: Morphometry; Allometry; Campsis grandiflora; Ornamental; Chinese trumpet

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ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX (APTI) OF URBAN TREE SPECIES FOR SUSTAINABLE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

*Japheth, D.H¹; Dawaki1, S. A.² and Levi, I.G¹

¹ Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria; ²Department of Forestry Technology, Audu Bako College of Agriculture, Dambatta, Kano State, Nigeria

Corresponding: daujaphson@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Vegetation in most cities has been exposed to a variety of pollution arising from increased traffic, population, industrial activities and increased human population. Air pollution is a significant environmental issue that affects human well-being. This problem is particularly acute in some areas of the Owerri metropolis. This study aims to assess the biochemical parameters (total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, pH and relative water content) and air pollution tolerance index (APTI). Four dominant tree species (Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), Casuarina equisetifolia (whistling pine), Acacia auriculiformis (earpod), and Polyalthia longifolia (false asoke)) along selected major roadsides in Owerri Municipal, Imo state, Nigeria were purposively sampled. The tree species were collected through purposive sampling of major roads with high traffic. The dominant tree species' leaf samples were located, gathered, and transported to the lab for biochemical evaluation. Moisture content, pi ascorbic acid content, chlorophyll content, and APTI are among the parameters that were examined. From the results, Elaeis guineensis had the highest moisture content (73.3%), followed by Acacia auriculiformis (62.8%) and Casuarina equisetifolia (64.5%). The highest APTI was found in Elaeis guineensis (16.4), indicating its superior tolerance to air pollution. Elaeis guineensis showed the highest values for chlorophyll (25.3) and ascorbic acid content (2.9), while Acacia auriculiformis recorded the highest pH value (6.0). Statistically significant differences (p-value = 0.000) were observed across all biochemical parameters, with Elaeis guineensis emerging as the most suitable tree species for arboricultural and air quality improvement purposes in the study area.

[Japheth, D.H; Dawaki1, S. A. and Levi, I.G. ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX (APTI) OF URBAN TREE SPECIES FOR SUSTAINABLE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE. Nat Sci 2025,23(6):9-17]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230625.02

Keywords: Air Quality; Environmental; Management; Resilience; Urban Forestry; Urban Greening

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 REVIEW ON EPIDEMOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIROSIS      

Abay Beshah¹, Garoma Desa² and Tilahun Zenebe³

¹Oromia Agriculture Bureau, Tulubolo, Ethiopia; ²Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia; ³Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract:-  Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with pathogenic species of Leptospira, which are spirochetes that can infect humans and animals. The bacteria can be found worldwide but is most commonly associated with tropical and subtropical regions. The disease has a high social and economic impact, especially in regions with environmental conditions that support the persistence of the bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this seminar paper is to understand the leptospirosis epidemiology, diagnosis, control and prevent the disease. Dogs play an essential role in transmitting the disease to humans through close contact. Prevention strategies for leptospirosis are based on education about the epidemiology and transmission mechanisms of the bacteria, particularly for occupationally exposed workers who come into contact with contaminated water or infected animals. The high disease burden and the limited coverage of effective vaccines highlight the lack of attention given to leptospirosis. Efforts to combat leptospirosis have been ongoing, with the World Health Organization establishing the Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group. Elimination of the carrier state, control of rodents in kennels, maintenance of environmental condition to discourage bacterial survival and isolation of infected animal need to be under taken in order to prevent the disease. Leptospirosis is highly transmitted to animal and human through contaminated food and water. Important control measures including control of livestock infection with good sanitation, immunization, and proper veterinary care should be taken.

[Abay Beshah, Garoma Desa and Tilahun Zenebe. Review on Epidemiology of Leptospirosis. Nat Sci 2025,23(6):18-32]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230625.03

Key word: Epidemiology; Leptospirosis; Review

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On the shifts of the flood period of the Zarafshan and Piskom rivers under climate change conditions

Rakhmat Ziyayev¹, Fazliddin Khikmatov²

^1.Department of Hydrology and meteorology, National University of Uzbekistan, Email: z-rahmat@mail.ru; ^2.Department of Hydrology and meteorology, National University of Uzbekistan, Email: hikmatov_f@mail.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to assessing shifts in the timing of floods on the Zeravshan and Pskema rivers under climate change conditions. For this purpose, based on the daily water flows recorded during the BCP and TCP periods, flood hydrographs of the studied rivers were constructed. As a result of comparison of hydrographs, shifts of 8-12 days in the beginning and end of the flood on the studied rivers were revealed.

[Rakhmat Ziyayev, Fazliddin Khikmatov. On the shifts of the flood period of the Zarafshan and Piskom rivers under climate change conditions. Nat Sci 2025,23(6):33-37]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230625.04

Key words: river; flood; flood timing; climate change; shifts; assessment

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Basics of East African Monsoon Time Scale: A review and revisit

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  There are many mysteries and unsolved issues in the monsoonal climate and Weather systems that cannot explain and solve. I proposed and designed the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales for all world global, regional, local monsoon systems along with countries for unraveling the mysteries of climate, weather, monsoons; studying the characteristics of mechanism of climate, weather and monsoons and exercising the benefits of mankind and development of monsoonal climate and weather sciences.  According to the researches and studies on the Monsoon Time Scales, it is known that there will be major global climate changes in the coming years "i.e"  heavy rains, floods and storms etc. will occur until about 2075 and there will be droughts and famines etc. until about 2150. Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of the climate changes. Plans can be made accordingly. So, scientists can establish the Monsoon Time Scale and predict what is going to happen in the monsoonal climate in the coming years roughly. I call on the world scientists to design and establish the Monsoon Time Scales following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice. East African monsoon is a key system in  global monsoon systems. I have conducted many scientific researches on this monsoon system  and as a part these researches, I proposed and designed the Basics of East African Monsoon Time Scale  which can help to study the past, present and future conditions of the East African monsoon. 

[Gangadhar. Basics of East African Monsoon Time Scale: A review and revisit. Nat Sci 2025,23(6):38-119]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230625.05

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

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