Science Journal

Nature and Science

(Nat Sci)

ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online); doi prefix: 10.7537, Monthly

Volume 23 - Number 9 (Cumulated No. 222), September 25, 2025

Cover (jpg), Cover (pdf), Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers

The following manuscripts are presented as online first for peer-review, starting from September 5, 2025.

All comments are welcome: editor@sciencepub.net or contact with author(s) directly.

You can use the message in end of the article abstract to cite it.

To get Microsoft Documents: After you open the "Full Text" for each article, change the last 3 characters of the web address from .pdf to .doc (or .docx)

Welcome to send your manuscript to: sciencepub@gmail.com

When you submit manuscript(s), please mention that it is submitted to Nature and Science

Marsland Press, 310 W 18th Street, New York, NY 10011, USA. 718-404-5362, 347-321-7172

http://www.sciencepub.net/nature

CONTENTS

No.	Titles / Authors	Full Text	No.
1	Long-term changes in mineralization and ionic composition of the Karadarya and Naryn Rivers, Uzbekistan B.E. Nishonov¹, A.B. Artikov¹, I.R. Razikova¹, M.B. Nazirkulova² ¹Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; ²Namangan State University, Namangan, Uzbekistan Abstract. In the article the relationships between mineralization, ionic composition, and water discharge of the Karadarya and Naryn Rivers has been studied. In Karadarya River-Uchtepa and Naryn River-Uchkurgan points during the decreasing of water discharge the increasing of the water mineralization is observed. In the Karadarya River-Uchtepa and Naryn River-mouth points high value of mineralization is mainly because sulfate (SO₄^2-) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) concentration. [B.E. Nishonov, A.B. Artikov, I.R. Razikova, M.B. Nazirkulova. B.E. Nishonov, A.B. Artikov, I.R. Razikova, M.B. Nazirkulova. Nat Sci 2025,23(9):1-4]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230925.01 Key words: mineralization; main ions; water discharge; observation points; low-water year; high-water year; Karadarya River; Naryn River; Uzbekistan	Full Text	1
2	Antagonist Protocol versus Short Protocol in PCO Wael Ahmed Ezzat Ammar Fellow Obstetrics and Gynecology at El GALAA Teaching Hospital Email: dr.waela3@gmail.com Abstract: Aim: Here we try to compare antagonist protocol and short protocol in PCO. Methods: This is a retrospective study was done at El Galaa Assisted Reproductive Center Teaching Hospital from January 2015 till June 2025. In which 200 Females suffering from PCO divided into: Group (A) 100 cases of PCO females received Antagonist protocol, And Group (B) 100 cases of PCO females received short protocol. The 2 groups received the same starting HMG dose which is 150 IU. Comparing two groups was done regarding to number of days of stimulation, number of oocytes retrieved, number of M2 oocytes and pregnancy rate. Results: As regarding: Age of group A mean was 32.22 ± 1.5 year, and mean of age of group B was 32.34 ± 1.4 year, And P value was 0.698, So Age between both groups was statically insignificant as P value > 5% these because we take in our consideration that age of females in both groups should be between 30:35 years of both groups. As regarding BMI was in group A mean 32.99 ± 1.03 kg/m2 and for group B mean BMI was 33.1 ± 1.4 Kg/m2 where p was =0.63so p value > 5% so BMI was statically insignificant. As regarding days of stimulation Group A was 10.42 ± 1.75 days, while mean of group B was 10.78 ± 1.66 days, where P value was = 0.2 so it was statistically insignificant as p value > 5% While number of oocytes retrieved group A mean was 8.9 ± 2.9 oocytes, and group B mean was 8.7 ± 3.1 oocytes where P value equals 0.64 so > 5%, So statistically insignificant. As regarding number of oocytes retrieved group A mean was 6.5 ± 2.6 oocytes, while group B mean was 6.6 ± 2.4 oocytes where P value was 0.78 i.e. > 5%, So Number of oocytes retrieved was statistically insignificant. As regarding pregnancy rate of group A mean was 35% ± 0.4 %, And group B mean was 34% ± 0.4%, P value equal 0.86 so > 5 %, This meaning pregnancy rate was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: In PCO females antagonist protocol when compared with short protocol showed non statically significant differences in number of days of stimulation, number of oocytes retrieved, number of M2 oocytes and pregnancy. [Wael Ahmed Ezzat Ammar Antagonist Protocol versus Short Protocol in PCO. Nat Sci 2025,23(9):5-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230925.02 Keywords: Antagonist Protocol; Short Protocol; PCO	Full Text	2
3	ASSESSMENT OF RUNOFF DURING THE FLOOD PERIOD OF MOUNTAIN RIVERS BASED ON THEIR EMPIRICAL RELATIONS WITH CLIMATIC FACTORS Rakhmat Ziyayev¹, Zilola Khakimova² ^1.Department of Hydrology and meteorology, National University of Uzbekistan, ^2.Department of Hydrology and meteorology, National University of Uzbekistan, 100174 Email: z-rahmat@mail.ru Abstract. The article is devoted to the issues of assessing the flow of mountain rivers during the flood period based on their empirical relationships with climatic factors. For this purpose, a statistical assessment of the multifactorial relationship between the flow of the rivers of the Chirchik basin during the flood period and meteorological factors was made, normalized regression equations were obtained. On their basis, calculated nomograms were constructed and the values of the river flow during the flood period were estimated. [Rakhmat Ziyayev, Zilola Khakimova. ASSESSMENT OF RUNOFF DURING THE FLOOD PERIOD OF MOUNTAIN RIVERS BASED ON THEIR EMPIRICAL RELATIONS WITH CLIMATIC FACTORS. Nat Sci 2025,23(9):9-14]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230925.03 Key words: river; river flow; flood period; climatic factors; multifactorial relationship; regression equations; calculated nomogram; assessment	Full Text	3
4	THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE GEOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN KHOREZM REGION Sharipov Shavkat Mukhamajanovich¹, Aminov Bekhzod Bahram uglu², Ismatova Nilufar Ravshan Kizi², Mukhtorova Shakhzoda Ilhom kizi³ ¹Doctor of Geographical Sciences (DSc), Dean of the Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Systems of the National University of Uzbekistan 100174, Uzbekistan; ^2.PhD student of the Department of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre National University of Uzbekistan 100174, Uzbekistan; ³ PhD student of the Department of Natural Geography of the National University of Uzbekistan 100174, Uzbekistan aminovbexzod@gmail.com Abstract: This research article examines the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. The region faces challenges such as desertification, loss of biodiversity, and disruptions to water availability, threatening environmental sustainability and human well-being. Through a comprehensive analysis of these challenges, the study proposes mitigation strategies focusing on sustainable land management, water conservation, climate-resilient agriculture, and community engagement. By fostering collaboration, building adaptive capacity, and promoting environmental stewardship, the research aims to enhance the resilience of ecosystems and ensure a sustainable future for the Khorezm region. [Sharipov Shavkat Mukhamajanovich, Aminov Bekhzod Bahram uglu, Ismatova Nilufar Ravshan Kizi, Mukhtorova Shakhzoda Ilhom kizi. THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE GEOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN KHOREZM REGION. Nat Sci 2025,23(9):15-18]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230925.04 Keywords: climate change; biodiversity, ecosystem services; Khorezm region; sustainable land management; water conservation; climate-resilient agriculture; community engagement; mitigation strategies; environmental sustainability	Full Text	4
5	*The Toxic Effects of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) Treatment on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Senna holosericea* Frees and Prosopis juliflora DC in vitro** Faiza Urooj, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Shafiq ^* Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. ^* Corresponding author email address: shafiqeco@yahoo.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0488-8946 Scopus Author ID: 57209502972 Web of Science Researcher ID: AAH-5235-2020 URL: http://livedna,org/92.20215 Abstract: Lead is highly toxic element for living organism, ecological balance and is commonly freely found in air, water and soils due to industrial, automobile and anthropogenic activities. It is evident that plants are capable of tolerating differently to toxic heavy metal, lead. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of lead as lead acetate on the rate of seed germination percentage, early seedling growth and biomass production of P. juliflora and S. holosericea. Seeds of P. juliflora and S. holosericea were collected from polluted site (Super highway) and clean area (University Campus) and germinated in petri dish and treated with lead acetate in solution for 12 days. Five different 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm level of lead were tested in laboratory conditions. P. juliflora and S. holosericea seedlings showed a high percentage of seed germination and seedling growth in control treatment as compared to metal treatment. An increase in metal level from 20 to 60 ppm decrease seedling growth characteristics of P. juliflora and S. holosericea. Lead treatment at higher level 80 showed high potential of toxicity in P. juliflora seedlings. The more reduction in root growth than shoot growth might be due to rapid up take of lead from the substrate. In this study, the rate of seed germination percentage, seedling growth and seedling dry weight of two different plant species (P. juliflora and S. holosericea) under various level of lead in vitro studies were recorded. The result showed that root, shoot, leaf and seedling dry weight of both species decreased due to the complex nature of lead element available in the substrate. The lead treatment at 20-60 ppm produced negative effects on different growth such as shoot height, root length and seedling length for S. holosericea. The increase in lead concentration from 60-80 ppm highly decreased seed germination, root, shoot, seedling growth and total seedling dry weight of P. juliflora as compared to control. The availability of heavy metals includes lead (Pb) influences on plant growth and disturb the indices of tolerance. A wide difference in the rate of seed germination percentage and seedling growth between the two species was recorded by lead treatment. Lead treatment gradually decreased root, shoot and seedling height of P. juliflora and S. holosericea as compared to without lead treatment. Abiotic stress by lead treatment showed a positive influence on the growth of both plant species. The ability of P. juliflora and S. holosericea seedlings can help to lessen burden of lead pollution according to tolerance indices. The tolerance in seedling growth of L. leucocephala differed in their sensitivity to lead treatments. P. juliflora seedlings supposed to have strong Pb tolerance than S. holosericea. [Faiza Urooj, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Shafiq. *The Toxic Effects of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) Treatment on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Senna holosericea* Frees and Prosopis juliflora DC in vitro.** Nat Sci 2025,23(9):19-25]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230925.05 Keywords: metals; pollution; seed germination; seedling growth; tolerance indices	Full Text	5
6	GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SHAFIRKAN DISTRICT) Ahrorbek Usmonov Samarkand State University 2nd stage doctoral student. Uzbekistan Abstract. In recent years, the rapidly growing population in Uzbekistan, the industrialization of the country’s economy, the growing demand for usable land, and the demand for settlements are also increasing. In particular, as a result of an increase in the density of the population in urban centers, various natural, socio-economic and ecological problems arise. The development of human settlements is somewhat complicated, especially in parts of the Oasis, which are surrounded by desert. In such areas, a sharp decrease in water content in recent years, an extremely low amount of precipitation, as well as a high level of evaporation, a high level of salinity directly negatively affect the network of human settlements of the population. This article provides a Geographical Survey of the human settlements of the Shafirkan district, located in the northern part of the Bukhara Oasis. The article presents suggestions and recommendations on the specific geographical position of human settlements in the territory, population, history of formation, net of human settlements, problems of human settlements and their solution, and considerations on the prospects for development. [Ahrorbek Usmonov. GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SHAFIRKAN DISTRICT). Nat Sci 2025,23(9):26-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 06. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230925.06 Keywords: GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES; PROBLEM; PROSPECT; DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; SHAFIRKAN DISTRICT	Full Text	6