Welcome to send your manuscript to: sciencepub@gmail.com

No.

Titles / Authors

Full

Text

No.

1

Economic efficiency of resources used in the production of the most important varieties of rice in Beheira Governorate

Prof. Dr. Ramadan Ahmed Mohamed Hassn¹, Dr. Mervat Rofael Girgis Youssef², Dr. Reda El -Sayed Mohamed Morsi³

¹ Professor of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center – Egypt.

²Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.

³Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.

Emails: economic.ramadan72@gmail.com¹, mervat_economic@yahoo.com ²,  redaelsayad802@gmail.com³

Abstract: The results of the analysis of production cost structure, production outputs, and economic indicators for the most important rice varieties of Beheira Governorate during the summer production season 2024, showed that the Super 300 rice variety achieved an increase in productivity per feddan of approximately 0.6 ardebs/feddan compared to the Sakha 108 rice variety and 1.3 ardebs/feddan compared to the Giza177 rice variety, this represents an increase of approximately 5.13% and 11.82%, respectively. The total costs decreased by approximately 10% and 22.4% compared to the two aforementioned varieties. This resulted in an increase in the productivity per feddan for this variety by 6.4% compared to the Sakha 108 rice variety and by approximately 14.4% compared to the Giza 177 rice variety. This was reflected in an increase in the net return for the Super 300 rice variety by 30% and 99% compared to the two aforementioned varieties, respectively, leading to an increase in both relative profitability and revenue to costs percentage. In terms of the rate of return on the invested pound, it is 52.8%, 16.9%, and 42.4% compared to the Sakha 108 rice variety, and 176.7%, 39.6%, and 141% compared to the Giza 177 rice variety. Therefore, the most important rice varieties of Beheira Governorate can be ranked according to their productive and economic efficiency as follows: Super 300 rice comes in first place, followed in second place by Sakha 108 rice, and then Giza177 rice comes in last place.   

The results of estimating the production functions for the most important rice varieties of Beheira Governorate showed that there is a direct relationship between the quantity of production of the Super 300 rice variety and the production inputs affecting the production of that variety, the most important of which are the quantity of seeds, the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer and the quantity of pesticides, as they have a positive effect. The results of the estimation showed that the function for the aforementioned variety has an increasing return on scale, and the value of the marginal product of the production inputs is higher than the price of the production inputs. Therefore, the farmer of this variety should increase the quantities used of the aforementioned inputs in the production of the variety until the value of the marginal product of each input is equal to its price in order to increase his profits. On the other hand, there is an inverse relationship between the quantity of production of Super 300 and agricultural labor, which has a negative effect on the productivity of the variety, which indicates a waste in the use of this input. Therefore, farmers of the Super 300 rice variety should reduce the quantities used for this input.

As for the production function of the Sakha 108 variety, it resulted in a direct relationship between the quantity of production and the productive inputs affecting the variety's production, the most important of which are automated labor, the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer, and the quantity of pesticides, as they have a positive effect. The results also showed that the aforementioned function has an increasing return on capacity, and the value of the marginal product of the productive inputs is higher than the price of the productive inputs. Therefore, the Sakha 108 farmer must increase the quantities used of the aforementioned inputs in his production until the value of the marginal product of each input is equal to its price, which results in an increase in his profits. On the other hand, there is an inverse relationship between the quantity of production of the Sakha 108 variety and the quantity of seeds, as it has a negative effect on the variety's productivity, which indicates a waste in the use of this input. Therefore, farmers of this variety must reduce the quantities used of it.

The results of the production function estimation for the Giza 177 variety show an inverse relationship between the quantity of Giza 177 production and automated labor, the quantity of seeds, the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer, and the quantity of phosphate fertilizer, as these have a negative impact on its productivity. This indicates a waste in the use of the aforementioned inputs, and therefore, farmers of the Giza 177 variety should reduce the quantities used of these inputs, as continuing to add units of the inputs used during this stage is illogical.

The results indicated that if the farmer implements the proposals developed in the research, this will contribute to increasing rice production in Beheira Governorate by applying one of the following scenarios:

The first scenario: using the maximum amount of inputs with a positive effect and the minimum amount of inputs with a negative effect on the production function of rice varieties Super 300, Sakha 108 and Giza 177 in Beheira Governorate will lead to an increase in the production quantity of these varieties at the level of Center (Damanhour, Abu Hummus, El-Delengat and Itay El-Baroud) by about 38.57 thousand ardebs, resulting in an increase in the net return for the farmers of the aforementioned varieties by about 64.9 million GEP at the level of the research area, resulting in an increase in the governorate's production quantity of the crop by 2.04%.

The second scenario: Replacing the less productive rice varieties Sakha 108 and Giza 177 with the higher productivity Super 300 in Beheira Governorate will result in an increase in rice production at the level of Center (Damanhour, Abu Hummus, El-Delengat and Itay El-Baroud) by about 32.7 thousand ardebs, resulting in an increase in the net return for the farmers of those varieties by about 52 million pounds. When generalizing the application of the second scenario at the level of Beheira Governorate, when replacing the less productive varieties, Sakha 108 and Giza 177, with the high productivity Super 300 rice variety, will result in an increase in the quantity of rice production in the governorate by 3.4%.

The research recommends the following:

1.  The rice varieties cultivated in Beheira Governorate should be redistributed to ensure optimal production inputs utilization in crop production, which results in an increase in the net return for farmers.

2.  The Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and its affiliated research centers should expand their efforts in developing high-productivity rice varieties, in consistent with the search results.

3.  The role of the agricultural extension service and research centers Agriculture should be strengthened to persuade farmers to adopt modern production methods by utilizing high-productivity varieties and the optimal allocation of production inputs.

[Ramadan Ahmed Mohamed Hassn, Mervat Rofael Girgis Youssef, Reda El -Sayed Mohamed Mors. Economic efficiency of resources used in the production of the most important varieties of rice in Beheira Governorate. Nat Sci 2025,23(12):1-14]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj231225.01

Full Text

1

2

Assessing The Changes Of The Glaciers In The Karadarya Basin During The Period Of Climate Change

Akaboev Ismatulla

Department of Geography and environmental protection, Namangan State University, Namangan, 160107, Uzbekistan

E-mail: ismatulaakaboev@gmail.com

Abstract. This article analyzes the changes in the existing glaciers in the Karadarya River basin, which begins in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley, from 1970 to 2018 using geographical comparison, historical analysis, and cartographic methods. In particular, the relationship between changes in glaciers on the southwestern slopes of the Fergana Range and the northern slopes of the eastern part of the Aloy Range in the river basin and climate change is assessed. The distribution of existing glaciers in the Karadarya River basin by river tributaries, how many of them have an area larger or smaller than 0.1 km², in which tributaries of the river the area of ​​glaciers has decreased or expanded during the studied period, how many glaciers have melted and how many new glaciers have appeared, at what altitude and in what exposure the glaciers undergoing change are located, were analyzed. At the same time, relevant conclusions were drawn based on the above studies.

[Akaboev I. Assessing The Changes Of The Glaciers In The Karadarya Basin During The Period Of Climate Change. Nat Sci 2025,23(12):15-22]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj231225.02

Keywords: Climate change; climate change problem; Fergana Range; Alai Range; mountain slopes; mountain glaciers; climate factors; temperature increase; Karadarya River basin; glacier area; large and small glaciers

Full Text

2

3

Indigenous Fungi from Zea mays as Potential Plant Growth Promoter

Oluwafemi Olatise¹, Olaleke David Odeleye², Adekunle Odunayo Adejuwon*^{3, 4}, Victoria Anatolyivna Tsygankova⁴

1 Department of Biology Science, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

2 Department of Environmental Science, National Open University of Nigeria, Nigeria

3 Department of Biological Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria

4 Department for Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of the Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, East Europe

*Corresponding Author: ao_adejuwon@yahoo.ca

Abstract: In this study we investigated the potential of indigenous fungi isolated from maize (Zea mays) as plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) and their efficacy in inhibiting the maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides. Various isolates were examined for their antagonistic properties, impact on maize seed germination, seedling growth, and potential necrotic effects. Among the tested isolates, ELIZA3, ELIZA4, and ELIZA2 exhibited the highest inhibition rates on Fusarium verticillioides, achieving 65%, 68%, and 60% inhibition, respectively. These results highlight their strong antagonistic properties. The impact on maize seed germination and growth was significant across all isolates compared to the control, which had an 85% germination rate. Notably, ELIZA3 and ELIZA4 achieved the highest germination rates at 95% and 96%, respectively. Furthermore, the isolates positively influenced the growth of both plumule and radicle. ELIZA4 led to the longest plumule (8.0 cm) and radicle lengths (7.0 cm), suggesting enhanced seedling vigor and field establishment potential. Additionally, root development was significantly increased in treated samples, with ELIZA3 and ELIZA4 showing a notable increase in the number of roots (4 roots per seedling).

Crucially, none of the isolates caused necrosis in the maize seedlings, ensuring their compatibility with plant tissues and underscoring their safety as bioinoculants. The findings demonstrate that indigenous fungi isolated from maize possess substantial potential as plant growth promoters. The isolates ELIZA2, ELIZA3, and ELIZA4, in particular, showed remarkable efficacy in promoting seed germination, enhancing seedling growth, and suppressing Fusarium verticillioides. These attributes position them as promising candidates for sustainable agricultural practices aimed at improving maize crop performance and resilience. This study underscores the importance of harnessing indigenous fungal resources for enhancing crop growth and protection in an environmentally friendly manner.

[Oluwafemi Olatise, Olaleke David Odeleye, Adekunle Odunayo Adejuwon, Victoria Anatolyivna Tsygankova. Nat Sci 2025,23(12):23-30]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj231225.03

Keywords: Maize; Fungi; Plant Growth Promoter; Indigenous; Fusarium verticilliodes

Full Text

3

4

Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpatta): A powerful natural herbs

Arun Kumar Srivastava¹ and Vinay Kumar Singh²

1- Department of Zoology, M.G.P.G. College, Gorakhpur- 273001, U.P. India

2- Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur - 273009 U. P. India

*Correspondence author:

Dr. Arun Kumar Srivastava

Phone-+91-8957664935 (Mobile)

Email- aksgkp5@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Cinnamomum tamala is a versatile and valuable perennial species commonly referred to as Tezpat/ Tezapatta. Commercially prepared herbal medications derive from its easy accessibility, therapeutic qualities, and minimal adverse effects. The leaves of the plant serve as a spice and flavor enhancer. It is effective in addressing various ailments and conditions such as colon cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, CNS disorders, and bleeding issues. Additionally, it aids in appetite concerns, oral issues like dryness and bad breath, and rheumatism. Plant leaf oil contains significant bioactive components including Furanogermenone, β-caryophyllene, germacerene d, curcumenol, curzerenone, furanodiene, furanodienone, and has a high concentration of sesqui- terpenoid compounds, among others.  C. tamala is an abundant source of polyphenols and flavonoids, which act as organic antioxidants. C. tamala demonstrates anticancer properties by inducing cell death and preventing tumor expansion. The plant's elements further disrupt pathways that promote cancer, such as blocking angiogenesis and metastasis. C. tamala demonstrates hepatoprotective effects by lowering oxidative stress and inflammation, which are crucial contributors to liver injury. It also exhibits strong anti-inflammatory characteristics by blocking the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF α, IL-6, and NF-κB.

[Arun Kumar Srivastava¹ and Vinay Kumar Singh. Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpatta): A powerful natural herbs. Nat Sci 2025,23(12):31-40]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj231225.04

Keywords: Anti-hyperglycemic; Apoptosis; Hepatoprotective; Anti-diarrheal; Cardio protective

Full Text

4

5

Morphometric Analysis of the Sangzor River and Its Basin

Qosimov Nurmukhamad *, Gudalov Mirkomil **

*Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan.

**PhD Candidate, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan.

morkomil1978@mail.ru, qosimovnurmuxamad1@gmail.com

Abstract: This study investigates the morphometric characteristics of the Sangzor River and its basin located in the Jizzakh region of Uzbekistan. Key parameters such as river length, sinuosity and density coefficients, slope, and other morphometric indicators have been determined. Additionally, the geographical location, boundaries, extremities, basin width and length, stream order, stream hierarchy, stream length, maximum and average elevation, symmetry, slope, and exposure of the Sangzor River basin have been analyzed using both traditional and modern methods. Studying these parameters of the river and its basin and drawing conclusions from them is of great importance for addressing future issues related to the sustainable use of the region’s natural resources.

[Qosimov Nurmukhamad, Gudalov Mirkomil. Morphometric Analysis of the Sangzor River and Its Basin. Nat Sci 2025,23(12):41-46]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj231225.05

Keywords: morphometry, river, river basin, sinuosity, slope, exposure

Full Text

5

6

SOME ISSUES OF STUDYING THE IMPACT OF THE ALMALYK MINING AND METALLURGY COMBINE ON ATMOSPHERIC AIR

Okhunjonova Dildora  

National university of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Corresponding author email: dildoraokhunjonova@gmail.com

Sharipov Shavkat  

National university of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

E-mail: Sh.sharipov@nuu.uz

Berdialiyev Izzatbek

National university of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

E-mail: izzatbekberdialiyev1401@gmail.com

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the impact of the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine, one of the largest centers of non-ferrous metallurgy in our republic, on atmospheric air. It provides information on the sources of pollutants released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of AMMC in 2022, 2023, and 2024, substances processed in treatment facilities and released into the atmosphere.

[Okhunjonova Dildora. Nat Sci SOME ISSUES OF STUDYING THE IMPACT OF THE ALMALYK MINING AND METALLURGY COMBINE ON ATMOSPHERIC AIR. 2025,23(12):47-51]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 06. doi:10.7537/marsnsj231225.06

Keywords: geoecological problem, atmosphere, mine, anthropogenic factor, relief, climate, Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine (AMMC)

Full Text

6