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The role of demographic factors and urbanisation in the dynamics of human capital and the impact of internal migration under the influence of environmental changes

Shinar Matjanova¹, Gulmira Reymova¹, Temurbek Reymov²

 ¹PhD student of the Department of "Economic and Social Geography" of Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh,  ¹ Independent researcher, Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

² PhD student of Geoinformatics department of National Research University TIIAME

matjanovashinar@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper examines the complex interaction between demographic transitions, urbanisation and human capital dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the role of internal migration caused by environmental changes, which is a key mechanism influencing these processes. Based on an analysis of academic literature, it is shown that urbanisation can contribute to the accumulation of human capital through agglomeration effects, but rapid and disorderly urban growth, exacerbated by climate migration, poses significant challenges to sustainable development. The article emphasises the need to integrate policies on migration management, human capital development and climate adaptation

[Shinar Matjanova, Gulmira Reymova, Temurbek Reymov. The role of demographic factors and urbanisation in the dynamics of human capital and the impact of internal migration under the influence of environmental changes. Nat Sci 2026,24(2):1-4]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj240226.01

Keywords: human capital; urbanization; internal migration; environmental change; climate migration; agglomeration economics

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Spatiotemporal analysis of CO emissions in Tashkent city using GIS technologies

Shavkat Sharipov [1],  Shoxboz Zaripov [2], Nilufar Ismatova[3], Bekhzod Aminov[4]

[1] Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan,

Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Systems, Doctor of geographical sciences (DSc), Associate Professor, Tashkent. e-mail: sh.sharipov@nuu.uz, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-3414

[1]Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan,

Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Systems,

Researcher, Tashkent. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6680-3566, e-mail: shaxbozzaripov6@gmail.com

[1] Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan,

Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Systems,

PhD Candidate, Tashkent. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2348-4656, e-mail: nilufarravshanovna.18@gmail.com.

[1] Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan,

Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Systems,

PhD Candidate, Tashkent. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2348-4656, e-mail: aminovbexzod@gmail.com

Abstract: This study investigates the changes in concentrations of key air pollutants - carbon monoxide (CO) - in Tashkent city over a 30-year period from 1994 to 2023 in winter. The aim of the research is to analyze quantitative trends in these pollutants, generate spatial distribution maps, and identify the primary sources of air contamination. Data were collected from 12 observation stations operated by the Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Spatial analysis was conducted using GIS technologies, particularly the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method in ArcGIS Pro. Seasonal maps were created at five-year intervals. Additionally, graphical analysis and descriptive statistical methods were used to assess the trends in pollutant concentrations. Results indicate that concentration of CO peaked between 1994 and 2003, followed by a significant decline starting in 2008. This research provides a scientific foundation for air quality monitoring and environmental safety initiatives in Tashkent city.

[Shavkat Sharipov,  Shoxboz Zaripov, Nilufar Ismatova, Bekhzod Aminov. Spatiotemporal analysis of CO emissions in Tashkent city using GIS technologies. Nat Sci 2026,24(2):5-13]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj240226.02

Key words: Tashkent city; air pollution; carbon monoxide (CO); GIS analysis; IDW interpolation; environmental monitoring; statistical analysis

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 FORMATION OF A LIVESTOCK FACILITIES DATABASE BASED ON GIS TECHNOLOGIES (EXAMPLE OF TASHKENT REGION)

Kuvondikov Rustam

National university of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Corresponding author email: kuvondikovrustam764@gmail.com  

Egamberdiyev Asomberdi

National university of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

E-mail: asomberdi@gmail.com

Okhunjonova Dildora 

National university of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

E-mail: dildoraokhunjonova@gmail.com

Abstract: It is known that GIS occupies an important place in the field of modern information technologies and serves as an effective tool for developing databases in the livestock sector. Using GIS, it is possible to visualize and analyze the location of livestock facilities, their infrastructure, the level of resource utilization, and other essential indicators. This article examines, from an academic perspective, the process of creating a livestock facilities database based on GIS technologies, its advantages, applications, and practical examples.

[Kuvondikov Rustam. FORMATION OF A LIVESTOCK FACILITIES DATABASE BASED ON GIS TECHNOLOGIES (EXAMPLE OF TASHKENT REGION). Nat Sci 2026,24(2):14-18]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj240226.03

Keywords: livestock; GIS; ArcCatalog; pasture; modeling; map; evaluation

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HIV/Malaria and HIV/syphilis Co-infections among HIV-Infected Persons attending a Tertiary Hospital in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

¹Enya, E., ²Ewa-Udu, N., ²Okonko, B. J., ³Onyedibia, G. C., ⁴Okerentugba, P. & ⁴Okonko, I.O.

¹Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.

²Medical Microbiology & Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Madonna University Nigeria, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria.

³Department of Microbiology, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, River State Nigeria.

⁴Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

: iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng; + (234) 7069697309

Abstract: The trio of HIV, Malaria, and Syphilis represents three major infectious diseases with significant global health burdens especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study analyzed co-infection rates of syphilis and malaria in a cohort of 200 HIV/AIDS patients. The overall syphilis co-infection rate was 7.0% (14/200), and the malaria co-infection rate was 4.5% (9/200). HIV/Syphilis co-infection was highest rate in 41-50 age group (10.0%, 7/70), lowest in ≤30 (0%) with no significant association (χ²=1.04, p=0.52). Males had higher co-infection (9.8%, 6/61) vs. females (5.8%, 8/139), but not significant (p=0.22). Higher rates of HIV/syphilis co-infection were found in middle-aged groups (41-50 years: 10.0%) and singles (10.1%). No significant association (χ²=2.61, p=0.16) was found between viral load and HIV/syphilis co-infection. It was found from this study that 18.5% and 9.1% of the HIV/Syphilis co-infected persons had viral loads of 40-1000copies/ml and >1000copies/ml respectively. Males had higher (6.6%, 4/61) malaria/HIV co-infection than the female respondents (3.6%, 5/139) (p=0.39). Occupational status showed that the co-infection was most common amongst those who were employed and students each with a 5.6% prevalence. Singles had higher co-infection rate (7.6%) than the married category (5.5%). However, no statistically significant association was found between co-infection status and marital status (p=0.08). The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among HIV patients in relation to age groups revealed that the highest prevalence of 7.1% was observed among patients within the age group of <30years. Co-infection with HIV/malaria also showed no significant difference with regards to the HIV viral load (χ²=4.61, p=0.33) as 36.4% of malaria co-infected HIV subjects had higher levels of HIV viral load (>1000copies/ml). Owing to the fact that increased viral load enhances transmission of the disease, this study suggests that individuals living with HIV/AIDS should prioritize monitoring their viral load as it was found that co-infection with either syphilis or malaria resulted in increase in viral load.

[Enya, E., Ewa-Udu, N., Okonko, B.J., Onyedibia, G. C., Okerentugba, P. & Okonko, I. O. HIV/Malaria and HIV/syphilis Co-infections among HIV-Infected Persons attending a Tertiary Hospital in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2026,24(2):19-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj240226.04

Keyword: Malaria; Syphilis; Infection

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IMMUNOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL MARKERS OF HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS ATTENDING A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA

¹Udo Koko Okon, ²Okonko Blessing Jachinma, ³Affia Anekan George, ¹Okerentugba Phillip O & *¹Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike

¹Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Medical Microbiology & Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Madonna University Nigeria, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria.

³Medical Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author’s e-mail address: iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng; Tel: +2347069697309, ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3053-253X

ABSTRACT: Background: Due mostly to the challenge of identifying patients in the early stages of acute HIV infection when HIV serology is still non-reactive, there is a dearth of information regarding the immunological and virological events that take place during this time. Understanding HIV aetiology requires recording immunological and virological markers. This study aimed to analyse the immunological and virological profiles of HIV-infected individuals attending a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional approach was employed, and the study population was drawn from HIV-infected patients undergoing clinical monitoring at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of the Niger Delta University of Teaching Hospital (NDUTH), Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A whole blood sample was collected from 200 consented subjects: 133 females (66.5%) and 67 males (33.5%). The viral load for the total sample was determined using the Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 Assay US protocol. Results: of the total 200 samples tested, 67 were recorded as undetected, 54 as low levels of virus, 47 as moderate levels of virus, and 32 as high levels of virus. The CD4 counts were carried out using the Partec CyFlow® Counter, with the following results: 49.0% of the sample had above 500 copies of CD4, and 51 of the sample had below 500 copies of CD4. Conclusion: Overall, the information and findings of this study provide fresh insight and knowledge on the CD4 and plasma viral load, and the need for early, individualisation of patient treatment and care and strict adherence to ART dose regimens. Clinicians can leverage these findings to provide more individualistic care to HIV patients for better health outcomes and reduce the rate of transmission in the general population.

[Koko, U. K., Okonko, B. J., Affia, A. G., Okerentugba, P. O., & Okonko, I. O. Immunological and Virological Markers of HIV-Infected Individuals Attending a Teaching Hospital in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2026,24(2):30-36]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj240226.05

Keywords: Immunological markers; Virological markers; HIV-1; CD4; Plasma viral load; Nigeria

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