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Scientific and Theoretical Foundations of Pilgrimage Tourism Evaluation and Issues of Methodology for Forming a System of Indicators

Yormamatov Shohboz Zafar son ¹ , Dusbekov Sirojiddin Komiljon son ²

Sharof Rashidov Samarkand state university, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Email: yormamtov@gmail.com , sirojyuja1995@gmail.com

Abstract: This article assesses the potential of pilgrimage tourism in Samarkand region based on a comprehensive scientific and methodological approach. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of assessing the potential of pilgrimage tourism, in particular, the scientific views of such scientists as G. Rinschede (1992), VL Smith (1992), DJ Timothy and DH Olsen (2006), R. Raj and ND Morpeth (2007), N. Collins-Kreiner (2010), Z. Navruz-zoda (2020), and S. Aulet and T. Duda (2020). The methods used in assessing the potential of pilgrimage tourism are expert assessment, scoring (rating), integral index, SWOT analysis, spatial analysis based on geographic information systems (GIS), multi-criteria assessment, statistical and econometric analysis, questionnaire and sociological research, and cluster analysis methods.

[Yormamatov Sh. at. el. Scientific and Theoretical Foundations of Pilgrimage Tourism Evaluation and Issues of Methodology for Forming a System of Indicators. Nat Sci 2026,24(10):1-9]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj241026.01

Keywords: pilgrimage tourism; Samarkand region; tourism potential; integrated assessment; pilgrimage sites; tourist infrastructure; holy sites; religious tourism; regional analysis; multi-criteria assessment.

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Assessment of Water Resources Formed in the Mountains of the Western Zarafshan Range and Issues of their Rational USE

Shuxrat Muradov¹ , Zarina Yuldoshova²,  Rakhmat Ziyayev³

¹Scientific Research Institute of Environmental and Nature Protection Technologies, Email: m.oikos@rambler.ru,

²Scientific Research Institute of Environmental and Nature Protection Technologies, E-mail: zarina-y1996@mail.ru,

^3.Department of Hydrology and meteorology, National University of Uzbekistan, Email: z-rahmat@mail.ru

Abstract. This article examines the spatial and seasonal distribution of water resources formed in the mountains of the Western Zarafshan Range, the natural and climatic factors influencing their formation, and the current state of water resource utilization. In mountainous areas, precipitation, snow cover, glaciers, groundwater, and small river basins constitute the major sources of water resources. Climate change is significantly affecting the conditions of mountain river runoff formation through increasing air temperatures, decreasing snow and glacier reserves, increasing evaporation, and changes in the temporal distribution of precipitation. The study analyzes the hydrological characteristics of mountain rivers and streams of the Western Zarafshan Range, their flow regimes, seasonal distribution of runoff, and the use of water resources for agriculture, domestic water supply, and other economic sectors. Particular attention is given to integrated water resources management, the introduction of water-saving technologies, improvement of hydrological monitoring, and measures aimed at ensuring the sustainability of water resources under changing climatic conditions. Scientific and practical recommendations are proposed for the rational and sustainable use of water resources in the region.

[Shuxrat Muradov, Zarina Yuldoshova,  Rakhmat Ziyayev. Assessment of Water Resources Formed in the Mountains of the Western Zarafshan Range and Issues of their Rational USE. Nat Sci 2026,24(10):10-15]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj241026.02

Key words: Western Zarafshan Range; water resources; mountain rivers; hydrological regime; river runoff; snow cover; glaciers; precipitation; climate change; rational water use; water management; integrated water resources management.

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Relationships Between Water Discharge And Suspended Sediment Discharge In The Mountain Rivers Basin

Komiljon Rakhmonov¹, Oyjamol Kholtojiyeva¹, Zarina Pulatova¹, Maftuna Abduraimova¹

¹Department of Hydrology and climatology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100066, Uzbekistan

Email: oyjamolxoltojiyeva@gmail.com

Abstract. The article evaluates the relationships between the mean annual water discharge and suspended sediment discharge of rivers in the Kashkadarya River Basin using both conventional and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. For this purpose, data on the mean annual water and suspended sediment discharges observed at hydrological gauging stations located within the basin were collected and analyzed. Based on the collected dataset, the relationships between water discharge and suspended sediment discharge were initially investigated using the conventional approach implemented in Microsoft Excel, as well as an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The pairwise correlation coefficients characterizing the strength of these relationships were subsequently determined.

[Fazliddin Khikmatov, Oyjamol Kholtojiyeva, Bekzod Khikmatov, Komiljon Rakhmonov. Suspended sediment runoff and soil washout intensity in the Chirchiq-Ohangaron rivers basin. Nat Sci 2026,24(10):16-21]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj241026.03

Keywords: water discharge; suspended sediment discharge; soils and sediments; artificial neural network; MLPRegressor; correlation coefficient; Python programming.

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Integrating Botanical Molluscicides into One Health Strategies for Fasciolosis Control: Current Advances, Challenges and Future Directions

Prachi Tripathi and Vinay Kumar Singh

Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology,

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University,

Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh-273009, INDIA

Email: tprachi.19@gmail.com; vinay.zool@ddugu.ac.in

ABSTRACT: Fasciolosis is a neglected parasitic disease of major veterinary and public health importance, causing substantial economic losses in livestock and posing an increasing zoonotic risk. Control strategies have traditionally relied on synthetic molluscicides to reduce or control populations of freshwater snail intermediate hosts. However, their widespread use is constrained by environmental toxicity, adverse effects on non-target organisms, and concerns regarding long-term sustainability. Botanical molluscicides have emerged as promising eco-friendly alternatives owing to their biodegradability, diverse bioactive phytochemicals, and potentially lower environmental impact. This review summarises recent advances in plant-derived molluscicides, with emphasis on their efficacy against freshwater intermediate host snails, mechanisms of action, and advantages over conventional chemical agents. The integration of botanical molluscicides into a One Health framework is discussed, highlighting their potential to reduce parasite transmission while promoting livestock productivity, human health, biodiversity conservation and environmental sustainability. Current challenges, including extract standardisation, formulation development, field validation, and regulatory implementation, are also addressed. Overall, botanical molluscicides represent a sustainable and integrated approach for fasciolosis control and offer significant potential for future parasite management programmes.

[Prachi Tripathi and Vinay Kumar Singh. Integrating Botanical Molluscicides into One Health Strategies for Fasciolosis Control: Current Advances, Challenges and Future Directions. Nat Sci 2026,24(10):22-39]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj241026.04

Keywords: Fasciolosis; Botanical molluscicides; One Health; Freshwater snails; Plant-derived bioactive compounds; Sustainable parasite control.

Short Title: Botanical Molluscicides in One Health.

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Interannual Variability of Evaporation from Reservoirs in Arid Regions

Sarafroz Pirimova¹, Fazliddin Khikmatov², Parvina Akhramova³

1. Department of Surface Hydrology and Meteorology, National University of Uzbekistan, Email: sarafrozpirimova@gmail.com

2. Department of Surface Hydrology and Meteorology, National University of Uzbekistan, Email: hikmatov_f@mail.ru

3. Department of Ecology, Irrigation and Hydraulic Engineering, Bukhara State Technical University, Email: akramova2707@gmail.com

Abstract. This article is devoted to assessing the interannual variability of evaporation from the surfaces of reservoirs located in arid climatic regions. The problem is investigated using the Tozakul Reservoir as a case study. The evaporation depth and evaporation volume from its surface were determined for the period 1981–2025. The calculations were based on observational data from the Bukhara meteorological station and the ETo Calculator software. The ETo values were adapted for estimating the evaporation depth from the surface of the studied reservoir using a correction coefficient determined in the authors’ previous studies. The study analyzes the interannual variability of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and other key meteorological factors, and assesses their influence on the rate of evaporation.

[Sarafroz Pirimova, Fazliddin Khikmatov, Parvina Akhramova. Interannual Variability of Evaporation from Reservoirs in Arid Regions. Nat Sci 2026,24(10):40-46]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj241026.05

Keywords: reservoir; air temperature; wind speed; reference evapotranspiration; ETo Calculator; correction coefficient; actual evaporation; interannual variability; assessment.

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The Challenges and Development of Digital Transformation for Design Teachers in Universities Based on Topic Analysis

PAN Husheng ¹,  LIU Xueqi ¹

1. Interactive Media Design and Equipment Service Innovation Cultural and Tourism Department Key Laboratory; School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Harbin.

Abstract: The rapid iteration of artificial intelligence technology is profoundly reshaping the knowledge production and talent cultivation models in design education. As the transformational subjects, teachers are facing multiple-dimensional deep dilemmas such as adapting to technology, making ethical choices, and redefining their identities. This study adopts the thematic analysis method in qualitative research and conducts semi-structured in-depth interviews with 8 design educators. Using the six-stage thematic analysis framework by Braun and Clarke, the core themes are extracted. The study finds: 1) Design educators have deficiencies in adopting AI technology and conducting ethical education. Most teachers admit that their ethical cognition is insufficient to support systematic ethical teaching, and they lack clear judgments on key issues such as the originality definition of AIGC and copyright ownership; 2) Teachers' attitudes towards the use of AI tools show a three-stage evolution: tool confusion period, exploration and experimentation period, and critical integration period; 3) The current evaluation system lacks incentives for teaching innovation, the lack of cross-university professional exchange communities, and the absence of targeted training, which constitute three major institutional obstacles restricting teachers' digital and intelligent transformation. Based on the research findings, this study proposes a design education digital and intelligent transformation path of ethics-first, hierarchical advancement, and community empowerment, providing theoretical basis and practical references for universities to formulate teacher development policies and training systems.

[PAN Husheng,  LIU Xueqi. The Challenges and Development of Digital Transformation for Design Teachers in Universities Based on Topic Analysis. Nat Sci 2026,24(10):47-54]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 06. doi:10.7537/marsnsj241026.06

Keywords: Design education; Digitalization transformation; Teacher predicament; Thematic analysis; Evolution mechanism

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