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Value of Serum ECP and IgE in Differentiation between Asthma and COPD

Elham Ragab Abdel Samea*, Azza Al Baiomy*, Mohammed El-Desoky**

 Nesrien Shalabi**, Amina Abd El-Maksoud**

Clinical Pathology* and Chest Disease** Department, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University, Egypt

elhamelngar@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT. The significance of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma is well established, while its role in COPD is still under investigation, a proportion of patients with COPD exhibited some degree of sputum eosinophilia. It is debatable whether eosinophilia in COPD is related to concomitant features of asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of serum ECP and total IgE in differentiation between asthma and COPD in both stable condition and in exacerbations. The study conducted on 59 patients, 17 patients with COPD (10 with acute exacerbation and 7 with stable COPD) and 22 patients with asthma (10 patients with acute exacerbation and 12 with stable asthma). 20 healthy subjects were included as control. All patients were subjected to: thorough history taking and clinical examination, chest x-ray to exclude other underlying pathology, ECG, and Spirometry. COPD staging was done according to Gold study (2001), and estimation of serum ECP and total IgE was done for all subjects. There was significantly higher level of serum ECP and total IgE in stable COPD, acute COPD exacerbation, stable asthma and acute asthma exacerbation when compared to control, also level of ECP was significantly higher in stable asthma group than acute asthma exacerbation in contrast to serum level of Total IgE which was higher in acute asthma exacerbation group than stable asthma. There was no significant difference between serum ECP among acute versus stable COPD. There was significantly higher level of serum ECP and Total IgE in total asthma group than total COPD group. Also, there was higher level of serum ECP and Total IgE in stable asthma than stable COPD and higher level of serum Total IgE in acute asthma exacerbation than acute COPD exacerbation. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between acute COPD exacerbation and acute asthma exacerbation in serum level of ECP. No correlation was found between serum ECP and FEV1, FEV1/FVC among asthma and COPD patients. In Conclusion: eosinophil share in airway inflammation and acute exacerbation of COPD. Asthma like components of COPD can be explained by increased serum Total IgE and ECP, also this could explain the variability and heterogeneity of COPD. ECP and Total IgE cannot differentiate between acute COPD exacerbation and acute asthma exacerbation but may be a differentiating point in stable state.

[Abdel Samea ER, Al Baiomy A, El-Desoky M, Shalabi N, Abd El-Maksoud A : Serum ECP and IgE in differentiation between Asthma and COPD. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):1-7]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.01

 Keywords: Immunoglobulin E, Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD), Eosinophilic Cationic Protein (ECP)

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Clinical and Genetic Study of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Elham Ragab  Abd El Samee¹ ,Farha El Chennawy¹,  Ahmed Yehya Al Shambaky²

 1.        Clinical Pathology  Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University

2.        Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University

elhamelngar@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis consists of a group of childhood onset Rheumatic disease having in common chronic inflammation of one or more joints. The subtypes of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis differ in clinical manifestations, prognosis and specific immunological features. Genetic and environmentally associated determinants interact, contributing to the development and pathogenesis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A characteristic feature of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the interaction of HLA genes within the same locus or between different loci that increases the risk of the disease. Some HLA associations are due to linkage disequilibrium between markers involved, but accumulating evidence indicates that several different genes in the HLA region are implicated in the pathogenesis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. To determine the association of human leukocytic antigen (HLA) class I and class II with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptian children and its relation to clinical and laboratory findings. Fifty Egyptian children patients with JRA and 40 controls were included. They were subjected for complete clinical examination and Laboratory investigation. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was performed using latex test while antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were measured by ELISA. For HLA-class I typing, lympho-microcytoxicity technique was performed, while for HLA class II typing, PCR-SSOP using innolipa was used. There was significant positive association of JRA patients with HLA class I, HLA-A10, HLA-B (B13, B27, B35), and class II, HLA-DR B1 alleles (*0101, *0102, *0801 and *1104), HLA-DQA1 alleles (*0401), and HLADQB1 alleles (*0202, *0303, *0603-09). While HLA-B12 and HLADQB1 *0602 were significantly positive associated with healthy controls, also there was positive association between HLA-DQA1 *0501 and HLA-DQB1 *0603 and pauciarticular onset JRA while polyarticular type was positive associated HLADQA1 *0101. A significant positive association was found between ANA positive patients and HLA-DRB1 *1104 allele. Conclusion: We conclude that there are some associations of HLA markers with JRA and its clinical manifestation.

[Abd El Samea ER, El Chennawy F, Al Shambaky AY: Clinical and Genetic Study of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):8-15]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.02

Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, human leukocytic antigen (HLA), Rheumatoid factor

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Determination of Bioactive Components of Cynodon dactylon by

GC-MS Analysis

R.K. Jananie, V. Priya, K. Vijaya Lakshmi^a*

 ^*Department of Biochemistry, Barathi Women’s College, Chennai-600108, Tamil Nadu, India.

^a Corresponding author, E-mail: jananie.rk@gmail.com

Abstract: Cynodon  dactylon (L.) Pers. (family –Poaceae), is traditionally used for curing different aliments. Hence the present investigation was carried out to determine the possible chemical components from C.dactylon leaves by GC-MS Technique. This analysis revealed that C.dactylon leaves contain Glycerin (38.49%), 9, 12-Octadecadienoyl chloride,(Z,Z)-(15.61%), Hexadecanoic acid , ethyl ester (9.50%), Ethyl α-d-glucopyranoside (8.42%), Linoleic acid,ethyl ester(5.32%), and Phytol (4.89%) justifying the use of this plant to treat many aliments in folk and herbal medicine.

[R.K. Jananie, V. Priya, K. Vijaya Lakshmi Determination of Bioactive Components of Cynodon dactylon by GC-MS Analysis New. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):16-20]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.03

Keywords:Cynodon dactylon, GC-MS analysis, Phytol, Bioactivity of phytoconstituents.

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Welding of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron

E. El-Kashif ¹ and M. A. Morsy^2*

 ¹Department of Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Engineering Cairo University, Egypt

²Central Metallurgical R & D Institute El-Tebein, Egypt

morsy_abokhala@yahoo.com*

Abstract: Austempered ductile iron (ADI) with an austenitic bainitic matrix is a new type of engineering materials and has gained increasing interests in academic research and industrial application due to its exceptional combination of tensile strength and ductility. However, welding of ADI parts remains as a great problem during manufacturing.

In this investigation, Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) was attempted to weld ADI with AWS E11018-G, ENiFeCI and ENiCI electrodes. The results obtained from SMAW were compared with that produced from Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) using filler metal as stripes machined from base metal material. It was found that welding with GTAW process using filler with the same material followed by austempering heat treatment has superior properties (mechanical and metallurgical)free from any discontinuities compared with SMAW using different electrodes for cast iron welding.

[E. El-Kashif and M. A. Morsy. Welding of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):21-27]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.04

Keywords:  Austempered Ductile Iron, Welding, Austempering, SMAW, GTAW, Microstructure

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Adsorption of Ce(Iii) from Aqueous Solution using Acrylic Acid Grafted Low Density Polyethylene Films

M. Abdel Geleel^*1 and H. Kamal²

 ¹National Centre for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control, P.O. Box 1175, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, 11762

²National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt 11731

^*mageleel2000@gmail.com

Abstract: In this study, grafted and chemically treated low density polyethylene has been used to remove cerium from liquid radioactive wastes to level permitting their discharge into the environment. Batch equilibrium techniques have been performed. The amount adsorbed of Ce(III) ions has been studied as a function of initial pH of solution, agitation time, adsorbate concentration and temperature to find that the amount adsorbed of Ce(III) increases with increasing initial Ce(III) concentration. Maximum adsorption of cerium (III) was found at pH 4 in an equilibrium time of 120 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of LDPE-g-(PAAc) untreated and LDPE-g-(PAAc) treated with KOH was found to be 34 and 37.1 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic sorption of Ce(III) onto grafted and chemically treated polyethylene films were studied using Lagergren equation and the equilibrium rate constant for sorption was calculated. The results obtained in this study illustrate that the grafted and chemically treated membranes is expected to be an effective and economically viable adsorbent for Ce(III) removal from aqueous system.

[M. Abdel Geleel and H. Kamal. Adsorption of Ce(Iii) from Aqueous Solution using Acrylic Acid Grafted Low Density Polyethylene Films. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):28-34]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.05

Key words: Grafting; Cerium; Radioactive waste; Low density polyethylene; Adsorption

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Assessing Importance of rural women Employment

Mohammad Abedi¹ and Sharareh Khodamoradi²

 ¹Department of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

²Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: skhodamoradi2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: Around the world and in Iran, female employment, especially in rural area (which is a manifestation of participation) is not raised the issue of unemployment. Matter is the work with no reward. Because all the unpaid work is done that by women at home such as cleaning, laundry, nursery and social affairs, agriculture and livestock work and.... has come to account as non-economic work. While the visible part of economic can't continue to exist without goods and services of this invisible section of the economy.

[Mohammad Abedi and Sharareh Khodamoradi. Assessing Importance of rural women Employment. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):35-39]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.06

Keywords: Employment, rural women

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Performance Evaluation for QoS Guarantee in ATM Networks with OPNET

Elsayed Abdelhameed Sallam¹, Ahmed Aisa Hussein² and Yahia Ahmed Zakaria³

 1- Computers and Automatic Control Department, Faculty of engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

2- Chemical engineering and pilot plant Department, Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

3- Systems and Information Department, Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

sallam@f-eng.tanta.edu.eg,; a.eissa@alraed.com.eg and Yahia_z@hotmail.com

Abstract: Voice over Asynchronous Transfer Mode Network (VoATM) Network is currently a popular research topic as a real time voice packet transmission method. The percentage of real time traffic (voice and video) over Internet is rapidly increasing due to growing trend of using real-time traffic oriented applications. People want to talk, watch TV, do video conferencing etc over Internet. This kind of real time traffic requires extra care because of more delay sensitivity, minimum QoS requirements and limited bandwidth. Simulation is the best way to study performance evaluation for the Quality of Service (QoS). The goal of this paper is to analyze the performance of QoS Guarantee and presents the discrete-event simulation which provides detailed and accurate network simulation results. Due to the increased number of networks in existence and their greater complexity, designing new systems and improving the performance of existing ones has become more difficult and time consuming. It is therefore more practical to use modeling and simulation tools such as OPNET to deal with this complexity. It provides an opportunity to examine the higher level and more complex behavior of ATM networks. The software simulation package, OPNET has many attractive features and can simulate large communication networks with detailed protocol modeling and performance analysis.

[Elsayed Abdelhameed Sallam, Ahmed Aisa Hussein and Yahia Ahmed Zakaria. Performance Evaluation for QoS Guarantee in ATM Networks with OPNET. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):40-44]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.07

Keywords: ATM network; QoS; OPNET simulation; TDM; CBR; VBR; CLR; CTD; PCR; SCR.

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Economic Analysis of Gum Arabic Production in Jigawa State, Nigeria

H.Y. UMAR; S. I. AUDU¹ AND Y. WAIZAH

 Rubber research institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 1049, Benin City, Edo State Nigeria

1= Agric Economics and Extension Department Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.

Correspondent’s Email: uhaliru@yahoo.com, Phone: 08030690217.

ABSTRACT: The study examined the profitability of gum arabic production in Jigawa State. Data were collected using structured questionnaire supplemented with oral interview among 150 respondents in four Local Government Areas selected in the State. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that majority of the respondents (47.33%) were civil servants and 70.66% had gum arabic farm size of 1 – 4 hectares. The profitability analysis revealed that US$254,860.00 was realized as total revenue and the gross margin (GM) was US$243,557.46 which gives GM/ha/ year of US$344.68. The mean profit per respondent was US$1,581.34. Also, the analysis of revenue distribution among the respondents as calculated using Gini coefficient showed that there was high level of inequality distribution of revenue among the respondents. The study identified some constraints facing the gum arabic farmers in the study area and recommendations were made to overcome them.

[H.Y. UMAR; S. I. AUDU AND Y. WAIZAH. Economic Analysis of Gum Arabic Production in Jigawa State, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):45-49]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.08

Key Words: Gum arabic, profitability, Gini coefficient, budgetary technique

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Determinants of Economic Growth Differential in Rural Nigeria

Adigun Grace Toyin, Awoyemi Taiwo Timothy_, Omonona Bolarin T

 Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

adigtoyin2002@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Increasing income inequality and poverty continue to be the most challenging economic problem facing

most developing countries including Nigeria. Mean earnings also differ greatly across groups defined by occupation, gender, education, experience, and other observed traits. The paper explores the extent to which a set of factors determine income growth differential in rural Nigeria in the period 1996 to 2004 using data collected by the National Consumer Survey of 1996 and 2003/2004 National Living Standard Survey. Using per capita expenditure as an indicator of well being, Oaxaca Blinder decomposition was carried out. Logarithm of per capita expenditure was regressed on a set of determinants of economic growth. From the decomposition result, the R² for the two periods are 0.2739 and 0.3730 respectively. The key determinants of growth for both periods respectively were: age of household head (0.011, 0.199); type of housing (0.038, 0.032); level of education (0.129, 0.141); and weekly hours worked (0.183×10^-4, 0.002). Others were Gender, (-0.117, -0.213); and household size (-0.044, -0.140).

[Adigun Grace Toyin, Awoyemi Taiwo Timothy_, Omonona Bolarin T. Determinants of Economic Growth Differential in Rural Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):50-58]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.09

Keywords:  Growth,  Inequality, Per Capita Expenditure,  Rural Nigeria,  Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition.

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Purification and characterization of Keratinase enzyme from Streptomyces species JRS 19.

T. Jayalakshmi 1, P. Krishnamoorthy 1, G.Ramesh kumar 2,  P.Sivamani 3

 1   Dept of Bioinformatics, Bharath University, Chennai,Tamilnadu -   600073, India.

2 Dept of Bioinformatics, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu-600044, India.

3   Microlabs, Vellore, Tamilnadu-632521, India.

jayamaniraaja07@gmail.com

Abstract: A keratinase producing enzyme bacterial culture JRS 19 was isolated from Soil samples were collected from 5 different districts of Tamil Nadu  and in addition, soil samples were  also collected from prawn shell decomposing area at Redhills, Chennai , India. It was related to Streptomyces sp. on the basis of biochemical properties and Screening for sensitivity and resistant to antibiotics. Determination of cellwall amino acid and cell wall sugar techniques applied to identify the chemotaxonamy of actinomycetes. The purification of keratinase present in the culture medium was grown in a fermenter containing optimized production medium for eight days and showed an optimal activity at   4ºC for 15 minutes. The concentrated crude enzymes were analyzed extracellular protein profile and Keratinase hydrolytic activity using SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE. Keratinase activity of each fraction was determined Diethyl Amino Ethyl Cellulose (DEAE) column chromatography Sephadex G-100 gel filtration column chromatography Polyacrylamide gel elecrophoresis of the Keratinase was carried out to determine the protein profile of the enzyme and make this keratinase extremely useful for biotechnological process involving the hydrolysis of poultry feathers  and de-hairing of bovine pelts.

[T. Jayalakshmi, P. Krishnamoorthy, G.Ramesh kumar,  P.Sivamani. Purification and characterization of Keratinase enzyme from Streptomyces species JRS 19. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):59-67]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.10

Key Words: Keratinase, SDS-PAGE, Streptomyces sp., Feather degradation

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Nutrient Utilization And Growth Responses Of Clarias Gariepienus Fingerlings Fed Dietary Levels Of Jackbean (Canavalia Ensiformis) Meal.

¹Anyanwu, D.C; ¹Ukaegbu, E.P. and ²Ogueri, C.

1.  Department of Agric Science, A.I.F.C.E Owerri, Imo

State of Nigeria. Email: ahamefula_dan@yahoo.com

2.  Dept. Fisheries Federal University of Technology,

Owerri, Imo State of Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: 35% isonitrogenous diets of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% dietary levels of JBM were formulated and used to evaluate its effect on growth and nutrient utilization of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus. The diets were fed to the fingerlings randomly assigned to 5 treatments – Trt.I (control), Trt.II, Trt.II, Trt.IV and Trt. V respectively in 3 replicates of 13 fingerlings each, using 15 plastic aquaria of 250 x 150cm dimension. The fish were fed at 5% body weight twice daily within the 56days experimental period.  Mortality was highest in Trt.II and least in the control (Trt.I).  Daily feed intake and protein intake were not significantly (P>0.05) different.  Trt.IV had the highest body weight gain, followed by Trt.III, Trt.V, Trt.II and Trt.I.  The specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio of the treatments were significantly (P<0.05) different, treatments iii, iv and v better than treatments I and ii.  Dietary levels of JBM up to 20% inclusion therefore showed a significant contribution as feedstuff in the diets of Clarias gariepienus fingerlings.

[Anyanwu, D.C; Ukaegbu, E.P. and Ogueri, C. Nutrient Utilization And Growth Responses Of Clarias Gariepienus Fingerlings Fed Dietary Levels Of Jackbean (Canavalia Ensiformis) Meal. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):68-71]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.11

Keywords: Nutrient; Utilization; Clarias gariepinus; Jackbean; meal

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Households Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply Services in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria

Omonona B. T and Fajimi F. O

Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

btomonona@yahoo.com, ffovivid@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study examines the factors that influence the willingness to pay for improved water supply services in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State Nigeria. Data were collected using the multistage sampling technique from 102 households that are currently and not currently connect to the public water services. Data obtained from survey were analyzed using a logit model-based contingent valuation. Evidence from the logit model indicated that the mean willingness to pay of households for improved water supply is N1,080.80. The result also shows that price that households’ is willing to pay for the service, age, educational level, time of water availability, household expenditure and perception of household on water provision are significant factors that influence the households’ willingness to pay for improved water supply services and correlates in predictable ways with households willingness to pay for improved water supply services. The implication is that the households have certain socio-economic characteristics that influence their willingness-to-pay for improved water supply services and they can afford to pay the higher than the existing tariff if they are provided the improved water service.

[Omonona Bolarinwa T and Fajimi Funke O. Households Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply Services in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):72-76]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.12

Keywords: household, Improved Water Supply, willingness to pay, contingent valuation

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Deterioration and Diffusion Studies of Radioactive Wastes from the Concrete Matrix by Dynamic Method

A. El- Dakroury 

Hot lab. Center  and waste management  Atomic Energy Authority, P.O.  13759 Cairo Egypt. aishaw95@yahoo.com

Abstract: In designing radioactive waste repositories, it is necessary to predetermine the degree of cement performance change due to leaching degradation. Cement is a porous material and consists of solid phases in contact and in equilibrium with a pore water solution. The progress of degradation can be expressed in terms of water exchange cycles or speed of diffusion of ions in the pore solution. Cementitious materials are fundamentally unstable in water and will change properties with time. High pH conditions of aqueous solutions in a radioactive waste repository can be brought about by dissolution of cementitious materials. In order to clarify the mechanisms involved in maintaining this high pH for long time, the dissolution phenomena of cement  hydrate was investigated. In the present research, leaching tests on powdered cement hydrates were conducted by changing the ratio of mass of leaching water to mass of cement  hydrate Ordinary Portland cement hydrate was contacted with pour water and placed in a sealed bottle. After a predetermined period, the solid was separated from the solution. Calcium hydroxide is one of the main reaction products resulting from the hydration of Portland cement with water. It is also one of the more soluble phases found in hydrated cement systems. Studies of  the influence of calcium hydroxide dissolution and its effect under the dynamic leaching system were done .From the results of XRD analysis on the solid phase and the calcium concentration in the aqueous phase, it was confirmed that Ca (OH) ₂ was preferentially dissolved when the liquid/solid ratio was 30 to 35 %, and that C–S–H gel as well as Ca (OH) ₂ were dissolved when the liquid/solid ratio was 45% or larger. The crystalline phases were identified using X-ray diffraction .The leaching of ¹³⁷Cs was carried out according to the ANSI/ ANS -16.1.

[A. El- Dakroury. Deterioration and Diffusion Studies of Radioactive Wastes from the Concrete Matrix by Dynamic Method. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):77-86]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.13

Keywords: Deterioration ; diffusion ;solubility;  cement hydrate; C–S–H gel

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Some Ethno Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Common Health Problems in Mayurbhanj District, Orissa

Madhusmita Jena¹ and R.K. Sahu^2*

¹Kalyani Laboratories, Bhubaneswar, Email – madhu_rs79@yahoo.com

²Department of Botany, BJB College (A), Bhubaneswar, Orissa – 751014

Email -sahurajani.sahu@gmail.com

Abstracts: The district Mayurbhanj one of the largest district of Orissa, very much famous for the Similipal Tiger Reserve. It is also well known for the highest number of tribal population in the state. Most of the tribal people depend on the forest and forest product for their life and livelihood. Ethno medicinal studies in some villages of the Mayurbhanj district resulted in the documentation of many therapeutic uses of the locally available medicinal plant resources. The present study deals with the ethenobotanical perception of 48 plant species belonging to 29 families of medicinal plant used by the tribal people in the rural area of Mayurbhanj district (Mostly Santal & Kolha) for their primary health care problems. As the health care facility is not accessible to the interior part of the district people still depend on the medicinal plants and traditional health care system for their health care. This paper illustrates some of the medicinal plants used by the tribals of the locality for their health care. The common diseases for which they are using these plants are cough, cold, diarrhoea, gynecological disorders, sexual debility, Malaria and other common fevers, anemia etc. [Madhusmita Jena and R.K. SahuSome Ethno Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Common Health Problems in Mayurbhanj District, Orissa. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):87-92]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.14

Key Words: Ethno-medicine, Ethno-botany, Medicinal plants, Conservation

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The role of micro-credit to improve women's participation in household decisions

¹ Mojtaba Sadighi, ² Mehran Bozorgmanesh and ³ Mohammadreza Ghaffari

^{1, 2,3} Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran

Corresponding author: sharif11070@yahoo.com

Abstract: Supplying credits and analyzing credits approaches cause opportunity to activate poor men’s working power , establishing field for sustainable production and income , prevent usurers and pre shoppers of agriculture productions to plunder poor rural men and finally empowering poor people especially women who can work but were deprived to have capital and work tools, and extension accordance to their activities such as needs assessment , identifying target group, organizing poor people, giving needed specialized and public training and have important role on effectiveness and make effective activities of these credits.

[Mojtaba Sadighi, Mehran Bozorgmanesh and  Mohammadreza Ghaffari. The role of micro-credit to improve women's participation in household decisions. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):93-98]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.15

Keywords: indigenous knowledge, rural

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Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas Sp from Soil Using Whey as Carbon Source

¹Praveesh B. V., ² Soniyamby A.R., ³ Mariappan C., ⁴ Kavithakumari P., ² Palaniswamy M and ² Lalitha S.

1- Karpagam Arts & Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

2-Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,   India

3-Sivanthi Aditanar College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India

4- Cashew Export Promotion council Laboratory & Technical division, Kollam, Kerala, India

praveesh_bv@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Biosurfactants are surface active compounds released by microorganisms. They are biodegradable non-toxic and ecofreindly materials. Nowadays, the use of biosurfactant has been limited due to the high production cost. Nevertheless, biosurfactants can be produced with high yield by some microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas sp. These microorganisms can use the various renewal resources, especially agro industrial wastes, as the potential carbon sources. The production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas sp using the following Carbon (whey, used frying oil and rice water) and Nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate urea, and potassium nitrate) sources were examined in this work. Whey as carbon and sodium nitrate as nitrogen source were found to give the optimal yield of biosurfactant production (9.2g/L).

[Praveesh B. V., Soniyamby A.R., Mariappan C., Kavithakumari P., Palaniswamy M and Lalitha S. Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas Sp from Soil Using Whey as Carbon Source. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):99-103]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.16

Keywords: Biosurfactant, Pseudomonas sp, whey, sodium nitrate

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Plasma Ascorbic Acid, Lipids and Lipoproteins in HIV Infected Patients

¹Ebesunun Maria, ²Finebone Patience.  ¹Adetunji Kehinde, ¹Umahion Kingsley

¹ Department of Chemical Pathology&Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo

University, Sagamu campus,  Nigeria.

² Chemical Pathology University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria.

onoebe@yahoo.com

Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus induces a wide array of biochemical and immunological alterations resulting in the progressive impairment of cellular functions, several metabolic abnormalities and eventual development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). There is paucity of information in the plasma ascorbic acid concentration in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in this community. This study was designed to assess the interplay of ascorbic acid, lipids and lipoproteins in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. One hundred subjects consisting of fifty HIV positive patients with mean age of 34.02 ± 0.95 years and fifty controls with mean age of 35.06 ± 0.98 years were selected for this study. Plasma ascorbic acid, lipids and lipoproteins were estimated using spectrophotometric methods. The anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods. The result shows significant decreased in plasma HDLC (p<0.01)   and body weight (p<0.05) when compared with the controls. There were significant increases in the plasma total cholesterol and LDLC (p<0.01) when compared with the control values. The increase in plasma triglyceride and decrease in ascorbic acid were not statistically significant when compared with the control values. There were significant correlations between TC and HDLC (r=0.427, p<0.01) and LDLC (r=0.975, p<01).TC/HDLC was negatively correlated with TC/LDLC (r=-0.782, p<0.01) and HDLC/LDLC (r=-0.742, p<0.01). The main findings are significant increases in plasma TC, LDLC (p<0.01), decreases in body weight (p<0.01) and plasma HDLC (p<0.05) in our HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. The mean increase in plasma ascorbic acid did not reach a significant level. (Ebesunu Maria, Finebone Patience, Adetunji Kehinde, Umahoin Kingsley. Plasma Ascorbic acid, Lipids and Lipoprotein in HIV infected patients).

[Ebesunun Maria, Finebone Patience. Adetunji Kehinde, Umahion Kingsley. Plasma Ascorbic Acid, Lipids and Lipoproteins in HIV Infected Patients. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):104-107]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.17

Keywords: Ascorbic acid, cholesterol. HDLC. HIV

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Assessing Similarities and differences between Distance Education and e-learning

¹ Mehdi Nazarpour, ² Mojtaba Sadighi and ³ Mehran Bozorgmanesh

^{1, 2,3} Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran

Corresponding author: mehran11070@yahoo.com

Abstract: Distance education can be used for some aspects of most disciplines. For example, several institutions of higher education already have developed certificate programs, undergraduate programs, and graduate programs in health and physical education that are delivered using distance education methods. Eastern Oregon University, Emporia State University, Kutztown University, LaSalle University, the Medical College of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, and Virginia Tech are among institutions integrating distance technology into their physical education programsDistance education is education designed for learners who live at a distance from the teaching institution or education provider. It is the enrollment and study with an educational institution that provides organized, formal learning opportunities for students. Presented in a sequential and logical order, the instruction is offered wholly or primarily by distance study, through virtually any media.

[Mehdi Nazarpour, Mojtaba Sadighi and  Mehran Bozorgmanesh. Assessing Similarities and differences between Distance Education and e-learning. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):108-113]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.18

Keywords: Distance Education, E-learning

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Physiochemical Characterization Of Industrial Effluents: Case Study Of Beverage And       Fibre-Cement Plants In Enugu, Nigeria

J.U. Ani¹, J.N Asegbeloyin¹ and M. C. Menkiti^2*

¹Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

*Corresponding authour:cmenkiti@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: This work focuses on the physiochemical analysis of fibre-cement and beverage effluents using standard APHA method and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),total hardness, pH, metal ion content etc. of the effluents were investigated. With respect to fibre-cement effluent,65mg/l,1578mg/l,2027mg/l and 11were recorded for BOD, dissolved solid, total solids, and pH, respectively. For beverage effluent,40 mg/l,45mg/l,108mg/l and 8.67 were recorded for BOD, dissolved solid, total solid and pH, respectively. Results indicate that the values of parameters for fibre-cement are relatively higher than that of beverage. Both effluents have different levels of pollution loads since some of the major indicators are above recommended standard limit.

[J.U. Ani, J.N Asegbeloyin and M. C. Menkiti^. Physiochemical Characterization Of Industrial Effluents: Case Study Of Beverage And       Fibre-Cement Plants In Enugu, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):114-117]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.19

Keywords:  fibre-cement, beverage, effluent, cement, physiochemical 

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The role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in villager's education

¹ Mojtaba Sadighi, ² Mehran Bozorgmanesh and ³ Mohammadreza Ghaffari

^{1, 2,3} Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran

Corresponding author: sharif11070@yahoo.com

Abstract: Policy makers and service providers have increasingly come to view information and communication technologies (ICT), and particularly the Internet, as an important tool in providing disadvantaged groups and areas with access to information, services and markets that would otherwise be inaccessible. In turn this has put increasing pressure on policy makers, universities and other training institutions to come up with approaches to inspire young students to choose ICT for their studies. There is also a strong argument for retraining many people who already have pre-service and in-survive education, whether in the workforce or not, to overcome to looming ICT skills crises. This paper reports on the examination of these points. It will also explore appropriate ways to combat this problem through analysis and identification of real prospects for ICT education.

[Mojtaba Sadighi, Mehran Bozorgmanesh and  Mohammadreza Ghaffari. The role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in villager's education. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):118-122]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.20

Keywords information and communication technologies (ICT), education

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Antibacterial and Phytochemical Studies of Allium Sativum

Enyi-Idoh^* Kingsley Hovana¹, Utsalo Simon James², Epoke James², Eja Matthew Egbobor¹, Arikpo Giddings Egba¹, Oruche Adaobi Nwakaku¹ and Offor Ubana Akpama¹

1.        Department of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. Nigeria

2.        Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar. Nigeria

kingenyi4gold@yahoo.com, sjutsalo.com, mattheweja2000.com, garikpo.co.uk

Abstract: Aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum (Lin), the popular bulbous spice plant was processed by different methods employing a combination of plant/solvent concentration, plant/solvent contact time and evaluated for antibacterial and phytochemicalpropeties and tested against standard sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results obtained showed that pre-processed dried garlic samples were not active while freshly crushed samples showed better antibacterial activity on bacteria and that ethanol actually enhanced garlic’s antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of garlic decreased over time in ethanolic solvent but increased in methanol. The bulb was also seen to minimal quantities of saponins and flavonoids and a high level of hydrocyanides. The study suggests that garlic when used in its raw form has better antibacterial activity, either directly or as an adjuvant in a solvent. The significance of the stability of garlic as an antibiotic is discussed. [Enyi-Idoh^* Kingsley Hovana, Utsalo Simon James, Epoke James, Eja Matthew Egbobor, Arikpo Giddings Egba, Oruche Adaobi Nwakaku and Offor Ubana Akpama. Antibacterial and Phytochemical Studies of Allium Sativum. New York Science Journal 2011;4(4):123-128]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040411.21

Keywords: Allium sativum, antibacterial activity, solvent, flavonoids, Eschericia coli

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