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Couples' Reaction to Failed Assisted Reproductive Technology

Safaa A. Hashim¹, Saher M. Soliman¹, Suzan E. Mansour ²

¹Department of Maternal & Neonatal Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Egypt

²Department of Maternal & Neonatal Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, El Mansoura University, Egypt

saharmossasoliman@yahoo.com

Abstract: This is a descriptive study aimed to assessing the couples' reaction to failed Assisted Reproductive Technology .It was conducted at IVF center of Ain Shams Maternity University Hospital. It started in April 2010 and was completed in September 2010 after obtaining faculty ethical committee approval. The sample was consisted of (59 couples) undergoing failed ART trial. Tools used for data collection consisted of couples' structured interviewing questionnaire sheet regard infertility& ART trials and couples' reactions to failed assisted reproductive technology sheet. Results revealed that couples included in the study ranged between 20-45 years, with a mean age of 30.36± 3.112 years for wives and 35.64±3.852 years for husbands. 67.3% of female were the cause of infertility, and 94.5% of couples had a previous trials of ART. Analysis of wives stressor revealed that high stressor aroused from social distress 41.5 % mean while husbands stressor revealed that high stressor aroused from personal distress 54.1 %. As regard wives reactions regard failed ART trials , it was observed that powerlessness, frustration   and sense of failure are major negative reactions which represented  83.2%, 88.1% and 66.2 % respectively mean while husbands reactions were frustration ,sense of failure and anxiety & depression  are major negative reactions which represented  74.2%, 51.7 % and 49.7 % respectively. Strong positive correlation was proved between wives & husbands reactions and stressor regard failed ART trials that proved more stressor increase negative reactions especially for wives than their husbands. The study concluded that wives demonstrated more emotional reactions & stressful disturbance than husbands after failed ART trials. The study recommended eestablish of educational programs to enlighten infertile couples about treatment options and answer their questions and different coping strategies with failed assisted reproductive technology trials after investigating factors influencing the gender differences in reactions to infertility with other stressful health situations.

[Safaa A. Hashim, Saher M. Soliman, Suzan E. Mansour. Couples' Reaction to Failed Assisted Reproductive Technology. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):1-7]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1

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Study the Prevalence of Variant IBD Strains in Some Egyptian Chicken Farms

¹Helal A.M.; ¹Susan, S. El-Mahdy; and ² Manal, A. Afify

¹Central Lab for evaluation of veterinary Biologics (CLEVB)

²Faculty of Vet. Med. Cairo Univ.

Prof.s.elmahdy@gmail.com -manal.afifi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Thirty one isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were isolated from 32 broiler, layer and native breeds chicken farms from 7 Egyptian governorates were collected during period from September 2007 to March 2010. Out of 7 examined farms, 6 farms with history of previous vaccination against IBD with represent 85.7% and one farm without history of vaccination, which represent 14.3%. In layer farms, out of 8 examined farms, 6 farms with history of previous vaccination against IBD which represent 75% and 2 farms without history of vaccination, which represent 25%. While, in native breed’s flocks out of 16 examined farms, 14 farms with previous vaccination against IBD which represent 87.5% and 2 farms without history of vaccination which represent 12.5%. The main clinical signs were acute onset of depression, ureates, feed intake is depressed while water consumption elevated. At the end of the course of the disease, birds may show sternal or lateral recumbence with tremor. On necropsy, dehydration of the subcutaneous fascia and pectoral musculature were observed in chicken after infection by acute IBD, and also the kidney showed enlargement and paler with accumulation of crystalline ureate in tubules, visible as white flocks beneath the capsule. Hemorrhages n the mucosa of the provetriculus and acute bursal enlargement were observed but infection result in rapid and profound atrophy.

[Helal A.M.; Susan, S. El-Mahdy; and Manal, A. Afify. Study the Prevalence of Variant IBD Strains in Some Egyptian Chicken Farms. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):8-11]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2

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Impacts of Infiltration Variability on Furrow Irrigation Performances

Bavi, A.¹, Boroomand-Nasab, S. ¹, Naseri, A. ¹, Meskarbashi, M²

¹ Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran

²Department of Agronomy,College of agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran

Abstract: Furrow infiltration is a complex process and depends on several parameters that are quite difficult (if possible at all) to be evaluated in the field. This research studied the effects of spatial and temporal variations of soil infiltration on furrow irrigation performances. A range of field experiments were carried out on furrow irrigation in a sugarcane field to estimate spatial and temporal infiltration variability as well as irrigation performances. Four criteria were considered to study irrigation performance including application efficiency, distribution uniformity, tail water ratio, and deep percolation ratio. Seven irrigation scenarios were studied on two groups of furrows. Each group included three furrows 1.8 m wide and 140 m long. The performances of the first group of furrows (with the assumption of uniform) and of the second group (with the assumption of varying infiltration) were determined. Field data and Spreadsheet model were used to assess the performances. The results indicated  identical performances for both groups except for distribution uniformity. The distribution uniformity for the first irrigation event was 73.2% and 67% for uniform and non uniform-infiltration-assumption scenarios, respectively. As well, distribution uniformity for the last irrigation events was 74 and 78%, respectively. Moreover, the infiltration variations decreased by time and so did the effects of infiltration changes on distribution uniformity.

[Bavi, A., Boroomand-Nasab, S., Naseri, A., Meskarbashi, M. Impacts of Infiltration Variability on Furrow Irrigation Performances. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):12-19]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3

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Special Theory of Relativity is Right Only in External-form but Intrinsic-origin Deleted Innately a Basically Imperfect Theory

Xuan Xie

Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiada-Xicun 11－1405, Xiamen, P.R.C

telephone: 011+0086-05922518553.  xiexuan1999@Yahoo.com.cn

Abstract:: Being mutually symmetry-equivalent that all inertial frames in the Special Theory of Relativity (SR) and so being All Identical Each Other that Intrinsic-real Velocity Between Any Two Fixed Clocks of Any Different Inertial Frames, acting as the Key Gene of SR, are congenitally determined by SR’s premise, the unity of the principle of special relativity and principle of invariance of light velocity. Decided by them, the essence of the twin paradox (TP), the ‘Astronautic Youth-ate’ (AY) being the Intrinsic Real Physical Change Effect (IRPCE) proved by the mathematical logic of Lorentz transformation and the Longevity of High-energy Meson, can only be the ‘non-inertial effect’. Here we shows: The ‘non-inertial effect’ is the SR’s Mirage --- the result of exterior-only relationship of mutual observation (RERMO), i.e. the extrinsic observational-only outcome caused entirely by that the set off by contrast with the greatly rapid change of observer’s own simultaneity in the non-inertial phase, which is thoroughly not IRPCE; and so which though has testified the ‘no-antinomy of TP’ and ‘self-consistent of SR’ in RERMO-only but can not originate AY in IRPCE. It has been expounded and verified that AY can only be a fruitage of the process accumulation of the difference in physical elapsed-time caused by the different intrinsic-real velocity of physical clocks between the traveler and earth mainly in the two inertial phases; which denies the SR’s Key Gene and reveals: It must objectively exist in the universe that the Unique Absolute Reference System, of it the time-space is isotropic and steady-homogeneous, relative to it all the Lorentz effect of whole universe are IRPCE, for it the simultaneity is the absolute unified sole of whole universe, by it AY is originated. SR has innately ignored this intrinsic origin of physical time-space structure and so is right only in external-form a basically imperfect theory. How can such an absolute essential gene coexist with SR in the opposite-unity structure of natural time-space, which has been analyzed in the sequel articles attached here as the Supporting Materials.

[Xuan Xie. Special Theory of Relativity is Right Only in External-form but Intrinsic-origin Deleted Innately a Basically Imperfect Theory. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):20-29]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4

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The enhancement effect of administration of caffeine in combination with Green tea and its component on lipid profile elements in obese rats.

Amany S E. Elwakkad*, Diaa B. Alazhary **, Saadia. Mohamed*,Salwa R. Elzayat*,Mohamed A.Hebishy*

*Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre,Dokki,Giza, Egypt.

**Zoology Departement, Faculty of science, El-Minia University,El-Minia, Egypt.

salwarefab@gmail.com

 Abstract: Obesity-associated dyslipidemia is linked directly with increased risks of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia is recognized by the increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL); and the decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations .Beneficial effects of green tea are related to its main  constituent; Catechins; particularly  epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Green tea contains caffeine which known to stimulate thermogenesis and fat oxidation .The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caffeine on EGCG-and green tea extract-administered to obese rats fed with  high-fat diet . Animals were divided into two groups. The first group served as healthy control group. The second group was divided into 6 subgroups according to the treatment supplementation after 8 weeks of feeding  high fat-diet. The first subgroup served as obese positive control group continue to feed on high fat diet, the second one was supplied with green tea extract, the third was  supplied with EGCG, the fourth was supplied with caffeine, the  fifth was supplied with a mixture and the sixth was supplied with a mixture of caffeine and EGCG thenTC, LDL, TG and HDL were determined .A very high significant changes (p < 0.000) were observed in TC, TG, LDL and HDL concentrations in the obese group and after 5 and 9 weeks of the treatment as compared to the control group. Results showed a high significant decrease (p<0.001) in TC, TG and LDL levels while a high significant  increase (0.001) was observed in HDL levels in all studied groups (EGCG, caffeine and green tea extract groups) after 5 and 9 weeks of the treatment as compared to the obese group Caffeine in combination with EGCG or green tea extract showed enhancement effect with the decrease in TC, TG and LDL after 5 weeks (p<0.002, p<0.027, p<0.002 with EGCG and p<0.001, p<0.010, p<0.000 with green tea extract)  and the increase in HDL (p<0.009 with EGCG and p<0.021 with green tea extract). The enhancement effect was clearly observed after 9 weeks of treatment by the decrease in TC, TG and LDL (P<0.079, P<0.471 and 0.058 with EGCG and p<0.030, p<0.048 and p<0.016 with green tea extract)and the increase in HDL (P<0.145 with EGCG and p<0.087 with green tea extract) indicating that at the end of the experiment, all the lipid profile elements tend to return to the normal levels in response to the lipolytic effects of green tea and its constituents . The synergistic effect of caffeine and green tea component  should be recommended in the management of obesity.

[Amany S E. Elwakkad, Diaa B. Alazhary, Saadia. Mohamed, Salwa R. Elzayat, Mohamed A.Hebishy. The enhancement effect of administration of caffeine in combination with Green tea and its component on lipid profile elements in obese rats.  N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):30-37]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5

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A New Integrated Approach for Evaluating Performance of Metals Industry in Tehran Stock Exchange

Mahdi Moradzadehfard¹, Mohammad Reza Fathi², Sadegh Tavakoli³, Sirous Azizollahi⁴

¹Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Iran

²M.S. Candidate of Industrial Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

³M.S. Candidate of Finance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

⁴M.S. Candidate of business Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: reza.fathi@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: The aim of this study is applying a model to evaluate the performance of the firms by using financial ratios and at the same time, taking subjective judgments of decision makers into consideration. Proposed approach is based on Shannon’s entropy and TOPSIS methods. Shannon’s entropy method is used in determining the weights of the criteria and then rankings of the firms are determined by TOPSIS method. The proposed method is used for evaluating the performance of the five metal firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange by using their financial tables. Then the rankings of the firms are determined according to their results.

[Mahdi Moradzadehfard, Mohammad Reza Fathi, Sadegh Tavakoli, Sirous Azizollahi. A New Integrated Approach for Evaluating Performance of Metals Industry in Tehran Stock Exchange. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):38-45]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.  6

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Applying Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Ranking of Financial Strategies

Majid Abdi ¹, Alireza Faghih ², Mohammad Reza Fathi ²

¹ PhD Candidate of Accounting, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

² M.S. Candidates of Industrial Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: This aim of this study is applying the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method to prioritize Financial Strategies. The Fuzzy AHP method evaluates Strategies and prioritizes them. This research designs a fuzzy AHP questionnaire sent to ten professional mangers and after that we prioritize Financial Strategies according to their Opinions. We apply the fuzzy AHP method in real case to demonstrate the application of proposed method.

[Majid Abdi, Alireza Faghih, Mohammad Reza Fathi. Applying Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Ranking of Financial Strategies. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):46-51]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.  7

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Effects of melatonin and transportation on rectal temperature, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and behaviour of Japanese male quails (Coturnix japonica)

Ndazo Salka Minka¹*, Abubakar A Adeiza¹, Fatima B. Hassan¹, Joseph Olusegun Ayo²

¹College of Agriculture and Animal Science, P.M.B. 2134. Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Animal Health and Husbandry, Mando-Kaduna, Nigeria

²Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

mnsalka@yahoo.com

Abstract: The experiment was performed in order to determine the ameliorating effect of melatonin on rectal temperature (RT), heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and behaviour of transported quails. On transportation day, the birds were randomly divided into three groups, consisting of 40 birds each. 30 minutes before transportation, quails in group one (melatonin-treated, mel-treated) were administered orally and individually with melatonin at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 1ml of sterile water, while group two (control) and three (sedentary) quails were given equivalent of sterile water. The sedentary quails were not transported. The ambient temperature and relative humidity recorded before transportation and inside the vehicle during transportation were outside the thermoneutral values of 12-24⁰C and 45%, respectively for the quails. The mean RT value of 42.4 ± 0.7⁰C recorded in the control quails during the transportation period was higher than the mean RT values of 41.3 ± 0.2⁰C and 41.4 ± 0.2⁰C  recorded in mel-treated and sedentary quails, respectively. Similarly, the control quails had higher (P < 0.05) H/L ratio and decreased (P < 0.05) locomotory and vocalization behaviours compared to the corresponding values obtained in mel-treated and sedentary quails, respectively. The result showed that the transportation was stressful to the quails and has induced hyperthermia, lymphopenia, hetetrophilia and a decrease in locomotory and vocalization behaviours. The administration of melatonin has alleviated the effects of transportation stress on the quails.

[Ndazo Salka Minka, Abubakar A Adeiza, Fatima B. Hassan, Joseph Olusegun Ayo. Effects of melatonin and transportation on rectal temperature, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and behaviour of Japanese male quails (Coturnix japonica). N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):52-59]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8

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Industrial effluents induced abnormal sperm cells in mice (Mus musculus)

Tolulope Oyeniyi¹ ,  Charles Latunji²

¹Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Osun State University,

Osogbo. Osun state.

²Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria

totalege@yahoo.com

Abstract: The in vivo genotoxic  e    ffects of wastewaters from Agbara industrial estate, Ogun State, Nigeria was investigated using the mouse sperm morphology assay. Two wastewater samples; before treatment (BT) and after treatment (AT), were collected and characterized for some physico-chemical properties in accordance with standard methods.  Sperm of mice were examined for morphological abnormalities after 35 days from the first day of exposure to the test samples. Genotoxicity in the mouse was investigated at 5 different concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 50% of the effluent samples. Tap water and Cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg bwt) served as negative and positive controls respectively. The samples contained constituents above the permissible limit for the discharge of effluents into the environment. There was concentration-dependent and statistically significant (p<0.05) induction of abnormal sperm cells at tested concentrations. Abnormalities observed were believed to be due to the interaction of the effluent constituents with the genetic material in the sperm cells. The results suggest that the tested industrial wastewaters contained chemicals that are potential germ cell mutagens.

[Tolulope Oyeniyi,  Charles Latunji. Industrial effluents induced abnormal sperm cells in mice (Mus musculus). N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):60-64]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9

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Efficiency Of Use Of Yeast Extract And Acetic Acid In Detoxifications Of Aflatoxin Contaminated Chicken Feeds.

Manal A. Hassan¹ ; Howayda  M.El Shafei¹ ; Noha  H. Oraby¹; Maha M. El-Kholy² and Ragaa, Abdel Sattar².

¹Mycology Dept. and ²Chemistry Dept. Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Eygpt.

howaydaelshafei@yahoo.com

Abstract: One hundred samples of poultry feed, water, litter, throat and cloacal swabs (20 samples of each), were collected from diseased poultry farms at Giza Governorate and subjected for mycological examination. The results revealed that the isolated fungi represented 9 genera of moulds and one species of yeast. The most prevalent fungi in these samples was the genus Aspergillus (85%, 40%, 35%, 40% and 20%), respectively, which was at the top of all isolated fungi. The A. flavus was the most predominant isolated fungi from all collected samples (75%, 15%, 45%, 30% and 35%), respectively. Whereas, the results of aflatoxins detection in feed samples yielded a significant higher levels   particularly aflatoxin B₁ which gave the highest mean level (160 ±3.50 ppb). On the other hand, the fungi of  A. flavus and A.parasiticus which isolated from poultry feed samples produced aflatoxin B₁ at mean levels of (253 ±3.5 ppb and 165±4.8 ppb respectively) .Therefore, the control of aflatoxins contamination in feed became a critical demand. The experimental feeding  of  one day old Hubbard  chicks was conducted including four groups(10 of each); the birds of group 1 was kept as a control and fed on uncontaminated  basal  diet;  whereas the birds of group 2 fed on  aflatoxin B₁ contaminated basal diet (2ppm) (aflatoxicated) ; but the chicks of  group 3, was given a  basal  diet  containing (3%) yeast extract  treated contaminated diet with (2ppm) aflatoxin B₁; and   group 4, was treated on  basal  diet  having (3%)  acetic acid  treated  aflatoxin   contaminated  (2ppm). The aflatoxicated group fed on AFB₁ without any treatment had significantly decreased in serum total protein, albumin,a2 ,b2, total  globulins and cholesterol   than control group. Also there is a significant increase in serum creatinine and enzymes   activities of ALT, AST and ALP in aflatoxicated group.  The treated aflatoxicated chicks by yeast extract (3%) and acetic acid (3%) showed a significant improvement in all altered   biochemical parameters. The significance of the present results was fully discussed.

[Manal A. Hassan; Howayda  M.El Shafei; Noha  H. Oraby; Maha M. El-Kholyand Ragaa, Abdel Sattar. Efficiency of Use of Yeast Extract and Acetic Acid in Detoxifications of Aflatoxin Contaminated Chicken Feeds. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):65-72]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10

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The Postmodern Drama

                Yousef Afarini ¹, Mohammad Shoalehsaadi ²

                                 ^1. Department of Art and Architecture, Sepidan Branch , Islamic Azad University, Sepidan , Iran.

                                 ^2. Department of Art and Architecture, Sepidan Branch , Islamic Azad University, Sepidan , Iran.

sepidanfaculty@gmail.com

Abstract: Postmodern drama has the absurd-grotesque characteristics. Absurdity is the content of our contemporary drama. Whatever postmodernists and critics have claimed on rejection of modernism can be seen in absurdist drama. Nowadays, life is absurd; without any meaning, goal, or hope to the future and drama, which has been lifelike or at least affected by real life, from Socrates time until now, represents this absurdity. The author of an absurdist drama is not intended to be a social reformist or the savior. He just draws out the image of real world.

[Afarini Y, Shoalehsaadi  M. The Postmodern Drama. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):73-78]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11

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Formulation and Prioritization of Strategies in Tile and Ceramic Industry: A Case Study

Ahmad Jafarnejad Chaghooshi ¹, Mohammad Rahmani ², Mohammad Karimi Zarchi ³

¹ Professor, Department of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

³ M.S. Candidates of Industrial Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: Mohammad.karimi@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: This paper is conducted in Ehsan Tile Company in order to formulate and priority strategies. In this paper, we use the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. At first, the most influential internal and external elements were detected with the help of the techniques of strategy formulation. Using the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) matrix, we formulated the primary organizational strategies. Then, the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is used for obtaining the existing relations between the SWOT. After obtaining the relationship between the SWOT, Using analytic network process (ANP) and Formation of super-matrix, weights (SWOT) are obtained. Finally, VIKOR is used to priority the strategies. In addition, we prioritize our strategies with the TOPSIS method and the results are compared with VIKOR method.

[Ahmad Jafarnejad Chaghooshi, Mohammad Rahmani, Mohammad Karimi Zarchi. Formulation and Prioritization of Strategies in Tile and Ceramic Industry: A Case Study. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):79-87]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12

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Mcp-₁ in Non-Alcoholic Steatosis in Egyptian Patients

Amany M. Ibrahim^*, Tarik I. Zaher^**, Nashwa M. Elazizi^*** and Mahmoud El-Sayed^**** and Gamal A. Shawer^*****

Internal Medicine^*, Tropical Medicine^** and Clinical Pathology^*** Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University and Departments of Biochemistry^**** and Physiology^*****, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut and Cairo Branches, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Sdr.mahmoud@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The monocyte chemoattractant protein-₁ (MCP-₁) is a member of the chemotactic cytokines chemokine family, it may contribute to the formation and maintenance of inflammatory infiltrate observed in chronic liver diseases. We aimed in this work to study this protein in non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and  to explain its role in  pathological progression of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis.  Methods: This study was done in Zagazig University hospitals between February 2010 and May 2011, and it included 31control healthy subjects as group I (19 males and 12 females) and 55 NAFLD patients (37 males and 18 females) which were classified according to the results of liver biopsy into : simple steatosis (group II )and steatohepatitis( group III) . All subjects included in the study underwent full history, clinical examination and abdominal ultrasonography . For patient groups only, liver biopsy and monocyte chemoattractant protein-₁ in serum were determined. Results: Our results found significant differences between controls and patients groups and between group II and group III (patient groups) as regard liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and dyslipidemia in form of hypertriglyceridemia. As regard MCP-₁ levels, our results showed higher levels of MCP-₁ in patients groups with a significant differences between control and patients groups and also significant differences between simple steatosis group and steatohepatitis Conclusion: Chemokines are important target molecules, especially MCP-1, which affects the pathway of steatosis and its progression into steatohepatitis in NAFLD .

[Amany M. Ibrahim, Tarik I. Zaher, Nashwa M. Elaziziand Mahmoud El-Sayedand Gamal A. Shawer. Mcp-₁ in Non-Alcoholic Steatosis in Egyptian Patients. N Y Sci J 2012;5(6):88-93]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13

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