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Effect of Intramuscular Administration of Dexamethasone on the Duration of Labor in Full-Term Primigravida

Prof. Mohamed Samir Fouad, Dr. Mohamed Mohamed Al Khouly, Moustafa Mahmoud Taha Mohamed

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University, Egypt

mstf92@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objectives: to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on labor duration and to establish whether dexamethasone plays a role in shorting the duration interval between initiation of labor induction and beginning of the active phase of labor in primigravida full-term pregnancy. Study design: Case control study included 200 primigravidae with full-term pregnancy classified into two groups: group I (cases) included 100 women assigned to receive a single 8-mg dose of dexamethasone intra-muscular and group II (control) included 100 women will not receive dexamethasone or any other cervical ripening agent. Results: The interval between initiation of labor induction and beginning of active phase of labor was shorter in the dexamethasone than in the control group (2.54±0.94 hours vs. 3.59±0.86 hours; p=0.001). Dexamethasone group shows shorter duration of active phase of labor than control group (4.82±0.56 hrs. vs. 5.12±0.58 hrs.). Dexamethasone group shows shorter duration of first stage of labor than control group (7.35±1.15 hrs. vs. 8.69±1.09 hrs.). Dexamethasone group shows faster rate of cervical dilatation than control group (1.37±0.18 cm/hr. vs. 1.28±0.17 cm/hr.). Dexamethasone group shows shorter duration of second stage of labor than control group (25.09±12.99 minutes vs. 30.73±12.96 minutes). Oxytocin requirement in dexamethasone group was less than in control group (5.35±1.49 hrs. vs. 5.97±1.34 hrs.). Conclusions: The administration of dexamethasone found to shorten labor duration.

[Mohamed Samir Fouad,. Mohamed Mohamed Al Khouly, Moustafa Mahmoud Taha Mohamed. Effect of Intramuscular Administration of Dexamethasone on the Duration of Labor in Full-Term Primigravida. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):1-12]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.01.

Keywords: Dexamethasone; post-term pregnancy; induction of labor.

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A Study of thyroid status in women with Hyperemesis gravidarum

Ahmed Ragab MSC, Abdelmoniem Zakaria. MD, Sameh Saied. MD, Ahmed Raafat. MD

Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt

docmedo86@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum may cause volume depletion, electrolytes and acid-base imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and even death. Severe hyperemesis requiring hospital admission occurs in 0.3-2% of pregnancies. Endocrine abnormalities in hyperemesis gravidarum have been postulated and evidence presented. Methods: The study will be conducted on 50 pregnant women at 6-14 week of gestation, The so pregnant women will be divided into two groups. Group (1): including 25 cases with exercise vomiting admitted to the ward. i.e (study group). Group (2): including 25 women with normal. i e (controlled group). Conclusion: From the results of the present study. It can be concluded that in clinically euthyroid hyperemetic women, gestational transient thyrotoxicosis may be the cause of the condltion and may attribute to its prolongation to second trimester.

[Ahmed Ragab, Abdelmoniem Zakaria, Sameh Saied, Ahmed Raafat. A Study of thyroid status in women with Hyperemesis gravidarum. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):13-22]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.02.

Keywords: vomiting in pregnancy, Hyperemses gravidarum, thyroid disease

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Transdermal Nitroglycerin in Patients with Mild Pre-eclampsia: Effect on Maternal Uterine and Fetal Umbilical Arteries Resistance Indices

Amr Mohamed Ibrahim Mostafa¹, Yahia Abd El Salam Wafaa², Mohamed Hesham Anwar², Mohamed Ibrahim Mostafa³

¹Resident of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Al-Galaa Maternity Teaching Hospital, Egypt

²Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt

³ Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Al-Galaa Maternity Teaching Hospital, Egypt

Dr.mero.mi@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: to find out the effect of using transdermal nitroglycerine patches on maternal uterine and fetal umbilical arteries in women suffering from mild pre-eclampsia in third trimester. Patients & methods: This is a prospective interventional clinical trial study conducted at Al-Galaa Maternity Teaching Hospital including 50 singleton pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia (gestational age range from 28 to 36 weeks) with informed written consent. In this study, comparison of the resistance index (RI) and the pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine and umbilical arteries as well as maternal blood pressure before and after application of a transdermal nitroglycerin patch (average dose 0.2 mg/h) for a period of 3 days was done, comparison between day 0 (no patch) and day 3 after administration of the first dose of nitroglycerin were performed using paired sample t-test after testing data for normality using the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test. Results: A significant decrease in mean umbilical artery RI from 0.74 ± 0.04 SD to 0.69 ± 0.06 SD and PI from 1.33 to 1.18 ± 0.19 SD. Significant decrease in mean uterine artery RI from 0.63 ± 0.05 SD to 0.60 ± 0.05 SD and PI from 1.09 to 1.04 ± 0.14 SD. The study also showed a significant decline of mean value of mean arterial blood pressure (2×diastolic blood pressure + systolic blood pressure / 3) from 105 ± 3.31 SD to 100 ± 4.21 SD after using the patches. Conclusion: The use of transdermal nitroglycerin in patients with mild pre-eclampsia (28-36 weeks of gestation) is associated with a significant reduction in the RI and PI of the uterine and umbilical arteries, as well as of maternal blood pressure.

 [Amr Mohamed Ibrahim Mostafa, Yahia Abd El Salam Wafaa, Mohamed Hesham Anwar, Mohamed Ibrahim Mostafa. Transdermal Nitroglycerin in Patients with Mild Pre-eclampsia: Effect on Maternal Uterine and Fetal Umbilical Arteries Resistance Indices. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):23-27]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.03.

Keywords: Transdermal; Nitroglycerin; Patient; Maternal Uterine; Fetal Umbilical Artery; Resistance Indices

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Ul Trasound Assessment of Bladder Wall Thickness as a Screening Test for Detrusor Instability

Ahmed Wafaey MSc, Abdelmoniem Zakaria MD, Sameh Saied MD, Ahmed Abdelalem MD

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University

wafaeyMohamedwy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Overactive bladder is a symptom complex that includes urinary urgency with or without urge incontinence, urinary frequency (voiding eight or more times in a 24-hour period), and nocturia (awakening two or more times at night to void ). The International Continence Society classified overactive bladder as a syndrome for which no precise cause has been identified, with local abnormalities ruled out by diagnostic evaluation. Methods: Fifty (50) females were recruited from the Jrogynecology clinic. They were divided equally into two groups: Study group: composed of 25 patients with urodynamic diagnosis of detrusor instability. Control group: composed of 25 patients with urodynamic diagnosis of stress incontinence. Conclusion: Measuring bladder wall thickness is a non invasive easy tool for the prediction and screening for over active bladder in females which can replace urodynamic study. Keywords: detrusor instability, Blader thickness.

[Ahmed Wafaey MSc, Abdelmoniem Zakaria MD, Sameh Saied MD, Ahmed Abdelalem MD. Ul Trasound Assessment of Bladder Wall Thickness as a Screening Test for Detrusor Instability. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):28-40]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.04.

Keywords: Ul Trasound; Assessment; Bladder; Wall; Thickness; Screening; Test; Detrusor Instability

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CA-125 for Diagnosis and Follow up of Pelvic Endometriosis

Yahia A. Wafa, MD¹, Ismail A. Mera, MD¹, Salah A. Albeltagy, MD², Hossam M.A. Askar³

¹ Obstetrics and Gynecology Deparyment, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar university, Egypt

² Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar university, Egypt

³Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Sohag Teaching Hospital, Egypt

drhosam_askar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The development of a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic biomarker for endometriosis is urgently needed. Objective: Evaluate the accuracy of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in diagnosis and follow up of pelvic endometriosis. Materials and Methods: In our prospective clinical study, 136 patients had collected from the outpatient clinic of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Sohag teaching hospital. Their ages ranged from 18 to 45 years with mean ages were 28 and 29 years for study and control cases respectively. All patient had a high probability of endometriosis by clinical examinations, all these patients underwent for full history taking, abdominal and vginal examinations, abdominal and vaginal ultrasound and then laparoscopy. After laparoscopy patients was divided into two groups; Group A (case study group): consists of 71 patients with sure diagnosis of endometriosis. Group B (control group): consists of 65 patients with no endometriosis. Before laparoscopy and After eight hours fasting, all patients will have a venipuncture to col­lect 5 mL of blood sample for measurement of serum level of CA-125 by ELISA:- The first sampling would collect at the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle before any intervention either medical or surgical. The second sampling would collect after 3 months of hormonal treatment or after surgical removal of endometriotic lesion by laparoscopy. Results: Sensitivity and specificity values for CA-125 U/ML were calculated Assuming that the endoscopy is the gold standard test, and the mathematic mean of the values of CA-125 of the Group B (control cases) (which =13.67 IU/ml) was used in our study as a cutoff point for diagnosis of endometriosis. The mean values of CA-125 in study group were 30.7 IU/ml and 13.7 IU/ml before and after 3 months of treatment respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CA-125 in diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis were 47.88% and 61.53% respectively. The sensitivity for minimal to mild cases was 2.70% while the sensitivity for moderate to severe case was 92.85%. Conclusion: Cancer antigen CA -125 is poor screening test for endometriosis; it is a poor diagnostic test for minimal to mild cases while it is a good diagnostic test for moderate to severe cases. Elevation that occurs in the CA-125 value after sometimes of management is a good sign of recurrence or reactivation of the disease. So, we can use CA-125 test for follow up patients after management of endometriosis.

[Yahia A. Wafa, Ismail A. Mera, Salah A. Albeltagy, Hossam M.A. Askar. CA-125 for Diagnosis and Follow up of Pelvic Endometriosis. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):41-45]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.05.

Keywords: Diagnosis of endometriosis, CA-125, pelvic endometriosis.

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Removal of Chromium (VI) from Synthetic Water Using Activated Charcoal and Banana Peel

Kamar Taiwo Oladepo ¹, Peter Oluwatobiloba Odetola ¹, Oyewole Funsho Ogunwobi ¹, Olawunmi Funmi Rotimi ¹

^1. Department of Civil Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria

koladepo1@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study examined the adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] from aqueous solution by activated charcoal and banana peel. The effects of contact time and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of Cr (VI) from synthetic aqueous solution were investigated. Cr (VI) simulated synthetic solution of 9.12 mg/l was used as the adsorbate. Batch method was used to conduct the experiment by varying contact time and the adsorbent dose. Results from the experiments indicated that the adsorption efficiency of banana peel (68.53%) was greater than that of activated charcoal (67%) at optimum time of 30 minutes. It was observed that the adsorption of Cr (VI) in water onto activated charcoal and banana peel was a pseudo-second order kinetic process. In order to investigate the sorption isotherm, the Langmuir and Tempkin isotherm models were analyzed. It was observed that the experiment fitted more into the Langmuir isotherm model having R² values of 0.855 and 0.786 for activated charcoal and banana peel, respectively compared to Temkin model having R² values of 0.741 and 0.768, respectively, for activated charcoal and banana peel. Therefore, banana peel can be employed as an effective adsorbent and substitute for commercially available activated carbon for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions.

[Oladepo KT, Odetola PO, Ogunwobi OF, Rotimi OF. Removal of Chromium (VI) from Synthetic Water Using Activated Charcoal and Banana Peel. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):46-52]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.06.

Keywords: Heavy metals; adsorption; adsorbate; pseudo-second order; Temkin

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New Diagnostic Score for Hepatic Steatosis

Nahed Fathi ¹, Maher Abu Bakr Alamir², Ahmed Abdelkawi Hammad², and Shahira Morsi Elshafeie³

¹Internal medicine Department, MOHP, Fayum, Egypt

²Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University Egypt

³Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University Egypt

Dr_nahed.fathi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries that is predicted to become also the most frequent indication for liver transplantation by 2030. Over the last decade, it has been shown that the clinical burden of NAFLD is not only confined to liver-related morbidity and mortality, but there is now growing evidence that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting extra-hepatic organs and regulatory pathways. For example, NAFLD increases risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular (CVD) and cardiac diseases, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim of the work: This work is aimed to correlate between fatty liver index, high sensitive CRP, lipid profile, and anthropometric measures as a new diagnostic score for hepatic steatosis. Subjects and methods: This study included 50 patients with hepatic steatosis and 20 normal persons as a control group, all patients and controls were subjected to: 1-full medical history, thorough clinical examination, assessment of BMI, measurement of waist hip ratio.2-Laboratory assessment of: I- lipid profile, high sensitivity CRP. II-AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, HCV –RNA by PCR, HBsAg. III Calculation of fatty liver index. 3-Abdominal sonar for diagnosis of fatty liver. Result: There is statistically significant different between study groups with high mean in case group as regards to anthropometric measures (WC- hip circumference - W/H ratio). There is positive correlation between fatty liver index and lipid profile (TG, TG and LDL), and there is a negative correlation between fatty liver index and HDL. There is non significant correlation between fatty liver index and CRP. Conclusion: Fatty Liver Index is a simple and accurate measure for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis.

 [Nahed Fathi, Maher Abu Bakr Alamir, Ahmed Abdelkawi Hammad, and Shahira Morsi Elshafeie. New Diagnostic Score for Hepatic Steatosis. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):53-58]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.07.

Keywords: New; Diagnostic; Score; Hepatic Steatosis

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Incidence of endometriosis in infertile women by laparoscopy

Prof. Momen Ahmed Mohammed Kamel, Prof. Atef Mohamad Mostafa Darwish, Dr. Essam El- deen Rashad Abd El Hafeez, Sawsan Nassar Mohamed

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of medicine- Assuit University

dsawsaw86@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To detect incidence of endometriosis among infertile women by laparoscopy. Methods: A prospective cross sectional observational study. This study was done from May 2015 to May 2016. Included women admitted at Woman's Health Hospital of Assuit University. Assuit, Egypt. Results: In this study we detect endometriosis in (19.8%) of infertile patients were diagnosed with endometriosis by laparoscopy this is near to study of Nousheen Aziz (2010) who found endometriosis in (23.6%) of infertile women who subjected to laparoscopy. And our result differ from Prasanta Nayak et al (2013) who detected endometriosis in (12%) of infertile patients by laparoscopy. This difference may be due to large sample size in Prasanta Nayak et al study as he recruited 300 infertlie patients. Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that: Endometriosis is a common pathology among patients with infertility either primary or secondary, laparoscopy is the gold standard for detection of endometriosis as ultrasonography sensitive only in endometrioma.

[Momen Ahmed Mohammed Kamel, Atef Mohamad Mostafa Darwish, Essam El- deen Rashad Abd El Hafeez, Sawsan Nassar Mohamed. Incidence of endometriosis in infertile women by laparoscopy. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):59-62]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.08.

Keywords: Incidence; endometriosis; infertile; women; laparoscopy

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Advantage of Intrathecal Nulbuphine Compared with Intrathecal Morphine as Analgesic in Cesarean Delivery

Emad Abdel Rahman El Tamamy¹, Mofeed Fawzy Mohammed¹, Mohamad Ibraheem Almohandes and Mahmoud Saeed Nasr ²

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

² Egyptian Ministry of Health, El Galaa Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

Mahmoudds486@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: To compare advantage of intrathecal nulbuphine with intrathecal morphine as analgesic after ceserian delivary. Method: From Augest 2016 to March 2017, One hundred fifty healthy female patients at full term presented to Al Galaa Hospital for elective cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. They divided as follow; fifty given bupivicine (group I), fifty given bupivicine plus nulbuphine (group II), fifty given bupivicine plus morphine (group III). Chi-square and Student’s t-test: were used accordingly for statistical analysis of the data. Result: Nulbuphine has rapid onset of sensory and motor block, short period of analgesia without producing pruritis, nausea and vomiting But, morphine has slow onset of sensory and motor block, long lasting analgesia with pruritis, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: nalubuphine produce early and good intraoperative analgesia without side effects, but morphine produce long lasting analgesia with side effects.

[Emad Abdel Rahman El Tamamy, Mofeed Fawzy Mohammed, Mohamad Ibraheem Almohandes and Mahmoud Saeed Nasr. Advantage of Intrathecal Nulbuphine Compared with Intrathecal Morphine as Analgesic in Cesarean Delivery. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):63-71]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.09.

Keywords: Intrathecal Nulbuphine, Intrathecal Morphine, Analgesic, Cesarean Delivery

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Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities of chrozophora oblique and launaea nudicaulis

Mumtaz Yasir ¹, Waqas Ahmad ², Fahim Ullah3

^1. School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing-China

^2. Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, 26000 KPK Pakistan

^3. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China (fahimullah320@yahoo.com)

Abstract: The present study showed the different Phytochemicals screening in chrozophora obliqua and luanaea nudicaulis plants and also correlates the antibacterial and antiplasmodial activity. The results of the study show that the crude and all fractions having zeroed or negative affects to phytochemicals such as alkaloids and saponnins tests, whereas the Flavonoids were present in crude extract and all fractions. While the Tannins test showed the positive results against the crude extracts, chloroform and ethyle acetate fractions, whereas the Crude extracts were completely active against all the bacterial strains. Further from the results of the study found that the Hexane and crude extract having better results against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. Furthermore, from the results of the study noted that the Crude hexane, Chloroform, E. acetate, butanol and H2O having negative result against Escherichia coli. Out of all fractions the methanolic fractions were most remarkable fractions obtained against malarial activity, while the n-hexane showed better result in 0.025 µg/ml drug dose level. Chloroform, E-acetate and n-butanol were found to be negative effects against all drug dose level, while the Chloroquine was taken as positive control for drug dose amount for known chemo factor which do not showed the increase in number of schizonts.

[Mumtaz Yasir, Waqas Ahmad, Fahim Ullah. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities of chrozophora oblique and launaea nudicaulis. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):72-76]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.10.

Keywords: Chrozophora oblique, luanaea nudicaulis, antibacterial activity, antiplasmodial activity and phytochemicals.

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Sonographic detection of the distal femoral epiphyseal ossification center and its relation to the fetal age and fetal weight

Gamal Elsaeed, M.Sc, Ehab Hassanin, M.D, Abdelmonsef Abdelhamid, M.D

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Faculty of Medicine. Al Azhar University, Egypt

j83said@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Distal Femoral Epiphysis is identified by locating the echogenic epiphyseal structure near the distal end of femur and its measurement is obtained in an axial plane along the medio-lateral surfaces of the epiphyses from the outer to outer margin. Epiphyseal ossification centers appears in late gestational ages, when traditional biometric measurements are not accurate enough. The mean age at DFE appearance is 32 to 33 weeks gestations, and it is not visualized before 28 weeks gestation. In 94% of fetuses the DFE is observed at 34 weeks gestation. So if a DFE is not visualized, the fetus is most likely less than 34 menstrual weeks gestation. Methods: 50 Pregnant women planned for sonographic detection of the distal femoral epiphyseal ossification center with the following inclusion/exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1) Singleton pregnancy. 2) Gestational age 28 weeks (calculated from reliable menstrual dates and/or late first-trimester or early second- trimester ultrasound scan). 3) four twin pregnancies. Exclusion criteria: 1) Diabetic women. 2) pregnant women with malformed fetuses. 3) Any cases showing fetuses with gross congenital anomalies, as hydrocephaly, microcephaly, or any neural canal defect. Conclusion: The results of the present study express the belief that the sonographic detection of the ossific center of the distal femoral epiphysis is a valid one in evaluating the fetal growth. The present study suggests the use of the ossific center of the distal femoral epiphysis detected sonographically, as a cross-sectional screening method for identification of intrauterine growth-retardation, together with biparietal diameter, head and abdominal circumferences, and femur length for more detailed evaluation.

[Gamal Elsaeed, M.Sc, Ehab Hassanin, M.D, Abdelmonsef Abdelhamid, M.D. Sonographic detection of the distal femoral epiphyseal ossification center and its relation to the fetal age and fetal weight. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):77-81]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.11.

Keywords: DFE- Distal Femoral Epiphysis, Fetal age, Fetal weight, Ossification center

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Motives and practices of women seeking governmental family planning services in southern Cairo

Emad El-din Salama, Zayed Saleh, Mohamed Rizk and Haytham Hasan

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

alinser@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Egypt suffers from a serious population problem having three inter-related dimensions; excessive population growth, maldistribution of population and lower quality of life with regard to health, nutrition, education as well as other components. Family planning programs were introduced to solve one aspect of population problem which is population growth. Family planning implies the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children through the spacing and timing of their births, achieved through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. Motivation is a phenomenon of the human mind which is a product of purpose, desire, goal, perception, attitude and incentive, of emotions like anger, fear, or relationships of trust and suspicion. After a need is generated, tension is created and a drive toward satisfaction begins. Motivation is an important organizational goal for implementing family planning. It must therefore concern itself with strategies of improvement of the recipient of the services through participation and proper communication techniques. Objectives: The study aimed to promote the health of Egyptian mothers by upgrading the practice and reinforce the motives of attendant women towards family planning. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional design was used to recruit 188 women seeking family planning services in FP unit of Dar Al-Salam general hospital by Multi stage random sample technique in Southern Cairo in Egypt. Data were collected by the help of a pre-coded, pre-tested, structured and researcher administered questionnaire based on study variables was used as instrument for data collection. The motives was assessed by a closed ended question with the following choices; enough children, high cost of living, regulate menses and decrease bleeding, work and husband desire. Counseling was assessed by five questions each question was designed to cover the (GATHER) approach in counseling and each question was followed by two choices (yes or no), the (yes) answer was graded by one degree and the (no) answer was graded by zero degree. The total score of the five questions ranged between zero to five points and was classified as Women with one and two counseling score -- low counseling, Women with three and four counseling score --- moderate counseling, Women with five counseling score ---high counseling. Results: regular contraceptive users have a higher mean age (28.31±4.27) than irregular users (23.79±2.78) and continuous contraceptive users have a higher mean of age (28.31±4.27) than interrupted users (25.86±3.22), regular women have higher mean of marital years (8.38±3.89) than irregular users (6.38±2.37) and continuous users also have a higher mean of marital years (8.38±3.89) than interrupted users (6.36±2.45), worker women have higher rank between regular users (34.1%) compared with irregular group (3.4%), regular and continuous users have high parity with mean number of births (3.11±1.04) is higher than that of irregular and interrupted users (2.52±0.83), (2.46±0.84) respectively, Most of studied women were using IUCD (58.5%), (30.9%) used pills, and only (10.6%) used injection. Most women indicated that IUCD is more effective (90.9%) but less easy (27.2%), in contrast to pills all pill users revealed that pills are easier (100%) but less effective (87.9%). As regarding injection (75%) of women used it because it is effective method. enough children was strongest motive to use contraception among (31.80%) of recurrent users. to regulate menses and decrease menstrual bleeding was the strongest motive for (24.30%) of recurrent users. (14.90%) of recurrent users declared that spacing between pregnancy was the strongest motive to use contraception. Husband desire was the strongest motive among (8.10%) of recurrent users and (37.50%) of new users, while most new uses (42.50%) defined that spacing between pregnancy was strongest motive. high cost of living was the strongest motive for (18.20%) of recurrent users and (20.0%) of new users, The study clarified that (27.70%) of studied women revealed that doctors did not greet them in a friendly, helpful, and respectful manner, some women stated that doctor shout at them, others said that doctors ignored their comments and feedback and others said that there were distractions in the FP room. The study also stated that (84%) of studied women answered that doctors did not informed them about suspected side effects and (94%) said that doctors did not informed them about the return visits. The study demonstrated that there was no difference in counseling of recurrent and new contraceptive uses Conclusion: Irregular contraceptive usage was more in small aged women, women with low marital years, illiterate and low educated women, not working women, husband pressure, personal false beliefs and wrong information from friends. Interrupted usage was mainly in women did not completed her family and side effects of contraceptives. Also interrupted usage was more in small aged women, women with low marital years, illiterate and low educated women, not working women. The study also stated that contraceptive usage was influenced by the strength of motives for usage. family size preference; women who prefer small family size and need no more children were having highest motive, menstrual regulation and decrease menstrual bleeding, high cost of live, spacing between pregnancy, husband pressure was in order the strongest motives reported by studied women for contraceptive usage. IUCD come at the top of contraceptive methods used by studied women, constituting (58.5%) of all methods, while pills come next forming (30.9%). Injection is of lowest frequency in use (10.6%) of all methods. The strongest cause for selection of IUCD and injection in women using them was their effectiveness while for pills was that it is easier in use. The study emphasized the advantage of hormonal contraception in regulating menses and decrease menstrual bleeding. Inter personal counseling skills need to be upgraded by applying the five steps of GATHER approach. The study concluded that there is a great need to prepare health workers to provide effective general, method-specific, and follow-up counseling to family planning clients and their families. The counseling practice should include ways of addressing misconceptions and rumors; counseling mothers, mothers in-law, and husbands of clients.

[Emad El-din Salama, Zayed Saleh, Mohamed Rizk and Haytham Hasan. Motives and practices of women seeking governmental family planning services in southern Cairo. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):82-87]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.12.

Key words: motives of contraception, counseling in family planning.

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Industrial Potentials of Clay Deposits in Igboora and Its Environs, Southwestern, Nigeria

Adewole John Adeola Oluduro Richard Ewuola and Oluwatosin David Pase

Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State, Nigeria

johnadeola@crawforduniversity.edu.ng

Abstract: Three residual clay deposits from Maya, Eruwa, and Igboora are part of the basement complex of south western Nigeria were investigation was to evaluate their industrial application and Economic Importance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to determine the mineralogical compositions of the clays. The elemental compositions were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) and Atomic Absoption spectrometer (AAS). Physical properties such as grain size analysis, colour, specific gravity, plasticity index, and thermal characteristic were determined to evaluate their industrial applications. The XRD results showed that kaolinite and Illite are the dominant minerals and quartz, k-feldspar, Anatase, occurred as the major non clay minerals. The geochemical results showed that minor and major elements that constitute the clay were SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O_3, were 53.51%, 43.68%, and 45.58% respectively constituting 99.41% of the bulk composition. Evaluation of the clay thermal characteristics, firing colour, water absorption capacities and shrinkage value showed that the brownish Maya and Igboora clay, could serve as a raw materials for ceramics, brick making and other structural wares.

[Adewole John Adeola  Oluduro Richard Ewuola  and Oluwatosin David Pase. Industrial Potentials of Clay Deposits in Igboora and Its Environs, Southwestern, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):88-98]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.13.

Keywords: Igboora, weathering, residual clay, ceramics, kaolinite

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Assessment of Fetal Wellbeing in Diabetic Pregnant Women by Using Biophysical Profile and Fetal Doppler Studies of Middle Cerebral And Umbilical Arteries

Ahmed T. Abd El-Fattah MD¹, Abd El- Menaam M. Zakaria MD¹, Mekky Abdel Menaam Ali MD² and Mohammed Ezzat M. Moselhy³

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zaitoun Specialized Hospital, Cairo, Egypt

Dr.m.ezzat585@gmail.com

Abstract: Back ground: Infants born to mothers with glucose intolerance are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality related to the following: Respiratory distress, growth abnormalities (large for gestational age [LGA], small for gestational age [SGA]), hyperviscosity secondary to polycythemia, hypoglycemia, congenital malformations, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and iron abnormalities. Objective: To asses fetal wellbeing in diabetic pregnant women by using biophysical profile and fetal doppler studies of middle cerebral and umbilical arteries. Material and method: This study was conducted on 100 diabetic pregnant females to evaluate the role of biophysical profile and doppler of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries in assessment of fetal wellbeing. Fetal outcome was assessed regarding neonatal acidosis, gestational age at delivery, hypoglycemia, ICU admission and neonatal deaths. Results: It was found that there was statistically significant relation between abnormal MCA Doppler and abnormal neonatal outcome, Regarding umbilical artery Doppler, there was no significant difference in pH and Apgar 5-min between the 2 groups (p>0.05) however there was significance regarding gestational age of delivery and Apgar 1-min.

[Ahmed T. Abd El-Fattah MD, Abd El- Menaam M. Zakaria MD, Mekky Abdel Menaam Ali MD  and Mohammed Ezzat M. Moselhy . Assessment of Fetal Wellbeing in Diabetic Pregnant Women by Using Biophysical Profile and Fetal Doppler Studies of Middle Cerebral And Umbilical Arteries. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):99-103]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.14.

Keywords: Assessment; Fetal Wellbeing; diabetic; Pregnant; Women; Biophysical; Profile; Fetal Doppler; Middle Cerebral; Umbilical; Artery

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Impact of Climate Change Conditions on Some Chemical Compounds of Wheat as Indicators for Photosynthetic Efficiency

Yossife, H.¹; M.M. Eldanasoury ¹; T.B. Fayd²; M.K. Hassanein³ and B.A.A. Ali⁴

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

³ Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.

⁴Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

beelalclac@gmail.com, beelalclac@yahoo.com

Abstract: Different plants build chemical compounds through photosynthesis process which in turn is greatly affected by surrounding environmental conditions. One of the most important environmental challenges that face plant production is the phenomenon of climate change that result mainly in increased temperature and elevation of carbon dioxide concentrations in air. This study aims to investigate the impacts of predicted climate changes conditions on photosynthetic efficiency in wheat crop using carbon dioxide concentration ranging between 800: 1000 ppm and temperature about 4.5 ºC higher than open air in the environmental chamber. Some chemical compounds were measured as indicators for photosynthetic efficiency. Obtained results showed that: 1. There was a decrease in the percentage of photosynthetic pigments i.e. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene in wheat leaves grown in environmental chamber (predicted climate change conditions) than in open air in both the first and second seasons. 2. Values of lipid, protein and fiber content were increased while carbohydrate and ash were decreased in wheat grains grown in the environmental chamber during both seasons than that grown in open air. 3. Moisture percentage was decreased in first season and increased in second season in wheat grains grown in the environmental chamber than that grown in open air. 4. There was an increase in the percentage of serine and glycine amino acids (photorespiration indicators) in wheat leaves grown in environmental chamber than that grown in open air during both seasons.

[Yossife, H.; M.M. Eldanasoury; T.B. Fayd; M.K. Hassanein and B.A.A. Ali. Impact of Climate Change Conditions on Some Chemical Compounds of Wheat as Indicators for Photosynthetic Efficiency. N Y Sci J 2017;10(9):104-110]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnys100917.15.

Keywords: Climate, Wheat, Photosynthetic Efficiency

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