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A Survey On Educational Technology In Saudi Arabia

*Hayah M. Abouelnaga, ^#Hayam Abouelmagd, *Ahmed B. Metwally, ^#Sanaa Alsmadi, and **Loqman A. Mazouz

^#Libraries and Information Department, College of Arts, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Al-Dammam, Saudi Arabia

*General Courses Department, College of Arts, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Al-Dammam, Saudi Arabia

**Finance Department, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Al-Dammam, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT: Educational technology is the use of both software, physical hardware, and educational theoretic to facilitate learning and improving performance by using, creating, and managing appropriate resources and technological processes. The present descriptive paper discusses the fairly new phenomenon of e-learning that is emerging in Saudi Arabia (KSA). The fundamental phases and switches towards e-education in general are discussed in this paper. The usage account of educational technology in this country since the mid-1900s is highlighted, specifically on the initial phase, the progressions, and the present status. The dramatic increase in technology application in schools, institutes and universities is described as well. Also, the present paper examines the attitudes of Saudis towards this worldwide phenomenon. Past works on e-leaning/e-education in the Saudi Arabian context is reviewed as well.

[Hayah M. Abouelnaga, Hayam Abouelmagd, Ahmed B. Metwally, Sanaa Alsmadi, and Loqman A. Mazouz. A Survey On Educational Technology In Saudi Arabia. N Y Sci J 2025;18(6):1-13]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnys180625.01

Keywords：Survey；Education; Technology; Saudi Arabia

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Sustainable Banana and Plantain Cultivation: The Role of Micropropagation and Macropropagation in Genetic Conservation and Crop Production

Henry Olalekan Ibironke¹ Josiah Ifeoluwa Ojeniran² Uju Loveth Epunam³ David Eguasa⁴ Precious Gift Asuerimen⁵

¹Department of Crop and Horticultural Science, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; ²Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansa, Fayetteville, USA; ³Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; ⁴Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria; ⁵Department of Geography and planning, Abia State University, Abia, Nigeria

Corresponding Author Email: Ho.Ibironke@gmail.com

Abstract: In the face of climate change, food security crops like bananas and plantains are essential in tropical regions, because they are vital for food security and economic stability, but they face significant challenges from pests, diseases, and climate change, threatening their sustainability. In response to these challenges, micropropagation and macropropagation have emerged as promising techniques for improving banana and plantain production. One of the key challenges facing the expansion of banana and plantain farming is the insufficient supply of healthy propagules. Farmers typically rely on the natural regeneration of suckers for planting material due to their easy availability. However, despite their accessibility, sucker production in the field is a slow process that yields limited quantities of planting material, which are often contaminated with soil borne pathogens such as nematodes. Micropropagation involves the rapid multiplication of plant material under aseptic conditions, providing disease free planting material and conserving genetic resources. Macropropagation, which induces plantlets from banana corms, is faster and more cost effective. This review examines the role of these techniques in enhancing crop yields, conserving genetic resources, and promoting sustainable agriculture, we discusses benefits, challenges, and future directions, highlighting the potential of micropropagation and macropropagation to support resilient and sustainable banana and plantain production systems. Ultimately, the adoption of these techniques could play a crucial role in addressing the pressing challenges faced by banana and plantain farmers, thereby supporting food security and economic stability in regions dependent on these crops.

[Henry Olalekan Ibironke, Josiah Ifeoluwa Ojeniran, Uju Loveth Epunam, David Eguasa, Precious Gift Asuerimen. Sustainable Banana and Plantain Cultivation: The Role of Micropropagation and Macropropagation in Genetic Conservation and Crop Production. N Y Sci J 2025;18(6):14-26]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys180625.02

Key words: Banana; Bioprocessing; Tissue culture; Crop production; Sustainable Agriculture

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Abstract: The aim of this research was the presentation of an analytic model about relationship between perfectionism and attachment styles, irrational beliefs and self-esteem according to Albert Ellis’s theory among the students of Islamic Azad University of Hamadan. For this aim a correlation design is used that inspects step by step and rout analysis methods. The present study draws a distinction between two different kinds of perfectionism, positive and negative. Subjects consisted of 391(271 female and 120 male) students from the same university. The results of step by step regression and rout analysis show that all three variables (attachment style, irrational belief and self-esteem) have relation with positive and negative perfectionism and share in forecasting their variance. Also such variables can distinguish positive and negative perfectionism very well. In other words, regarding positive perfectionism, 27 percent of the whole variance is explained by avoiding attachment style, irrational beliefs and self-esteem. Regarding negative perfectionism, avoiding attachment style, ambivalent attachment style, irrational beliefs, self – esteem and positive perfectionism factors forecast 56 percent of whole variance of negative perfectionism. Finally, the results show that attachment style, irrational belief and self – esteem which contain three rational – emotive – behavioral factors in Albert Ellis’s theory can predict positive and negative perfectionism variances, and distinguish them.

[Mohammad Esmail Ebrahimi, Ali Delavar, Hasan Ahadi, Farhad Jomehri.  Representation A Structural Model about Relationship between Perfectionism and Aattachment Styles, Irrational Beliefs and Self-Esteem. N Y Sci J 2025;18(6):27-31]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys180625.03

Key Words: positive and negative perfectionism; attachment style; irrational beliefs; self-esteem; rational-emotive- behavioral theory

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A Self-Inducing Interactive Animation Technology Based on Analyzing Five-Element Attributes of One's Name and Birth Date Numerology for Enhancing School Counseling Quality

Chian-Yi Chao ¹ and Chin-Ming Hsu ²

^1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ^2. Department of Information Technology Application, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

 t10049@cc.kyu.edu.tw

Abstract: This paper proposes a self-inducing interactive animation technology based on one's name and birth date numerology to increase school counseling quality. The proposed technology contains three main subjects including analyzing one's name and birth date, creating the inducing cards, and constructing the interactive user interfaces. An individual’s name and birth date are used to analyze his/her inherent personal features which are interpreted into different five-element characteristics, named Gold, Wood, Water, Fire and Soil. This study also utilizes 52 inducing cards as the referred materials in designing animation scenes. In addition, the interactive user interfaces are built by using Visual Basic programming codes and Unity game-based development tool. According to the experimental results, the proposed technology can help the counseling personnel to be students' triggers, inducers and motivators instead of educators and commentators. Conclusively, this study can inspire students' thinking, expression and interactive capabilities as well as help students to understand their self-consciousness and make own choice after clarifying their thoughts.

[Chao CY., Hsu CM. A Self-Inducing Interactive Animation Technology Based on Analyzing Five-Element Attributes of One's Name and Birth Date Numerology for Enhancing School Counseling Quality. N Y Sci J 2025;18(6):32-37]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 04. doi:10.7537/marsnys180625.04

Keywords: Counseling; name; birth date; numerology; inducing cards 

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Weather  in South America in 2024

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

8. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: The continent of South America, which has a globally textual history, is home to various climate change-induced natural disasters. Intense, Widespread Drought Grips South America. Rivers in the Amazon basin fell to record-low levels in October 2024 as drought gripped vast areas of South America. This paper examines the early warning systems for all South America and suggests how to study such climate changes and natural disasters, suggesting ways to anticipate them. Geological hazards such as earthquakes can be studied by developing the Geoscope system, By developing the Monsoon Time Scales, metrological hazards such as heavy rains and floods and droughts and famines can be studied. Plans can be made accordingly. The study of Cosmology can explore the inextricable links between planetary movements and disasters and how the planets orbiting in space are affecting the disasters that occur on earth. So SouthAmerica scientists can develop the Geoscope and Monsoon Time Scales as outlined below and protect people from climate changes and natural calamities.   

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Weather  in South America in 2024. N Y Sci J 2025;18(6):38-103]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 05. doi:10.7537/marsnys180625.05

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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