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PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE AND PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE  OF E.COLI  IN MILK SUPPLY CHAIN OF BAMBASI DISTRICT, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Arega muleta , Asmamaw Aki,  Bihonegn wodajnew

Assosa,  Animal health Diagnostic Surveillance, Monitoring and Study  Laborarory, Cell phone: +251902330029; email address: asmamawaki@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Back ground : The most prevalent contamination in raw and pasteurized milk is Escherichia coli. It's a good sign of fecal contamination in water and foods like milk and dairy. Objectives: The objectives were to isolate and identify E.coli from raw cow milk supply chain, to assess the public health significance associated with risk factors and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolates. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted on Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of E.coli and its Public health significance in milk supply chain of Banbasi District, western Ethiopia from October 2024 to April 2025 in dairy cows. A total of 384 samples were collected from dairy cow and processed bacteriologically and the isolate were tested with a number of biochemical tests for confirmation and identification of E. coli. 4. Results: The study revealed that 18.22% of the collected raw milk was contaminated with E. coli. Higher (35%) E.coli contamination was reported in milkers’ hand swab followed by (18.75%) milk samples, (14.67%) udder swab and 13.33% container (bucket) swab. Besides, all E. coli isolates exhibited bright pink color with lactose fermentation on MacConkey agar plates, metallic sheen on Eosin Methylene Blue agar plate and gram-negative, pink-colored, small rod-shaped organisms arranged in single with pairs or short chains on Gram’s staining. In this study, there was significant (p< 0.05) association between the udder washing practices,  parity,  lactation stage, pregnancy status, milking hygiene,  lesion and  blind teat,  body condition, age, drainage,  and breed of the cow with the isolates of E.coli. In other way, previous udder infection, floor type, and herd size risk factors was not significant (P.0.05). Majority (85%) of drug resistance prevalence was reported in penicillin G, followed by (60%)vancomycin; 50% chloramphenicol; and 42.5% streptomycin. Whereas higher  (85%) of drug sensitivity or  susceptibility was recorded in Gentamycin, followed by 50% kanamycin, 45% streptomycin, 40% vancomycin and 32.5% chloramphenicol. In this study 30% MDR were recorded in three (27.5%) and four classes (2.5%) of antibiotic discs. The presence and consumption of raw milk may constitute a public health hazard and reduced milk quality due to E. coli. 5. Conclusion and Recommendations: Thus health professionals should create awareness about milk handling practice, storage and milking process to Dairy farmer and milk collectors.  And hence, regular resistance follow-up, using antimicrobials sensitivity tests helps to select effective antibiotics and to reduce the problems of drug resistance developments towards commonly used antimicrobials so as to reduce the problem encountered.

[Arega muleta, Asmamaw Aki,  Bihonegn wodajnew. PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE AND PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE  OF E.COLI  IN MILK SUPPLY CHAIN OF BAMBASI DISTRICT, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. N Y Sci J 2026;19(5):1-27]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. Doi: 10.7537/marsnys190526.01

Key words: Antimicrobial; Bovine; Bambasi; Dairy cows; E.coli; MDR; milk

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PREVALENCE, PUBLIC HEALTH AND FINANCIAL  SIGNIFICANCE OF BOVINE METACESTODES IN BAMBASI MUNICIPAL ABATTOIR, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Yusuf hojele yusuf   and  Asmamaw Aki*

Assosa, Regional Animal Health Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, P.O. BOX.  326, Cell phone:+251 902330029; Email address: asmamawaki@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Background:  Taeniasis and hydatidosis are parasitic zoonoses that present major public health problems in lower income countries. Objectives: The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, assess public health and financial significance of bovine hydatidosis and Cysticercosis at Bambasi Municipal abattoir, from October 2024 to October 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted according to the standard procedures recommended for ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections. 384 sample size was calculated and 100 respondents were interviewed , besides this,  loss assessment was estimated. Results: The overall prevalence of hydatidiosis and Cysticercus bovis among cattle slaughtered at Bambasi municipal abattoir during the study period were 13.28% (51/384) and 5.72% (22/384) respectively. Statistical analysis showed that except between age and sex of slaughtered cattle and infection status there was no statistically significant variation for all associated risk factors (p<0.05).  Infection variation of C. bovis among sex, BCS and breed of slaughterered cattle found at margin of variation (p<0.05). Organ distribution shows the infection of hydatid cysts and C.bovis in slaughtered cattle had the tendency to be located more in liver and lung. Characterization of hydatid cysts indicate that out of  51 hydatid cyst collected at the abattoir during postmortem examination and subjected to ferility and viability testing,  35(68.62%) of them were fertile, and 16(31.4%) were non-fertile . Also from the total 22 cysticercus bovis collected at the abattoir 18/22(81.81%) of them were fertile, and 4/22(18.18%) were non-fertile. In the current study; an overall annual financial losses due to organ condemnation and carcass weight loss from total infected cattle was 99, 8794.8 ETB. Conclusions and Recommendations: The community awareness assessment in this study reveal that lack of knowledge on risk factors, zoonosis and control mechanism of the hydatidosis and cysticercosis. The current study result suggests that the occurrence of the hydatid cyst and cysticercus bovis infection in the area is a great alarm for both medical and Veterinary authorities. Thus, the development of effective disease management and awareness creation are required to overcome these problems.

[Yusuf hojele yusuf   and  Asmamaw Aki. PREVALENCE, PUBLIC HEALTH AND FINANCIAL  SIGNIFICANCE OF BOVINE METACESTODES IN BAMBASI MUNICIPAL ABATTOIR, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. N Y Sci J 2026;19(5):28-45]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. Doi: 10.7537/marsnys190526.02

Keywords: Bambasi; Cattle; Financial losses; Prevalence; Public awareness

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Establish the Central America Monsoon Time Scale and break out the mysteries of the Central American monsoon

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  There are many mysteries and unsolved issues in the monsoonal climate and Weather systems that cannot explain and solve. I proposed and designed the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales for all world global, regional, local monsoon systems along with countries for unraveling the mysteries of climate, weather, monsoons; studying the characteristics of mechanism of climate, weather and monsoons and exercising the benefits of mankind and development of monsoonal climate and weather sciences.  According to the researches and studies on the Monsoon Time Scales, it is known that there will be major global climate changes in the coming years "i.e"  heavy rains, floods and storms etc. will occur until about 2075 and there will be droughts and famines etc. until about 2150. Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of the climate changes. Plans can be made accordingly. So, scientists can establish the Monsoon Time Scale and predict what is going to happen in the monsoonal climate in the coming years roughly. I call on the world scientists to design and establish the Monsoon Time Scales following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice.  Central America monsoon is a key system in  global monsoon systems. I have conducted many scientific researches on this monsoon system  and as a part these researches, I proposed and designed the Basics of Central America Monsoon Time Scale  which can help to study the past, present and future conditions of the Central America monsoon.  In the current year 2022, the pre-path of Indian summer monsoon was traveling upwards and reached to the 29th June. Below this, the main-path of Indian summer monsoon also traveled upwards parallel to the pre-path of Indian summer monsoon with a difference of about 30 days and reached to the 29th July, As it moves further up, changes in the climate are likely increasing and there are more chances of heavy rains and floods in the coming years.

[Gangadhar. Establish the Central America Monsoon Time Scale and break out the mysteries of the Central American monsoon. N Y Sci J 2026;19(5):46-130]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. Doi: 10.7537/marsnys190526.03

Keywords:   Ecological Forecasting Time Scales(1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

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