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Ecological and phytochemical evaluation of the halophyte Aeluropus lagopoides grows wildly in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Amina Al-Moshaddak¹, Hassan S. Al Zahrani¹, Manal El-Zohri^1,2,*

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21488, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.

^*Corresponding author Email: melzohri@kau.edu.sa; mnzohri@aun.edu.eg

Abstract: Halophyte species of Saudi Arabia are a source of unique active phytochemicals, potentially due to the extreme environmental conditions under which the plants grow in the KSA. These phytochemicals make the native halophytes possibly interesting crops for medical uses. GC-MS analysis has been conducted in this study to identify the most abundant phytochemical in A. lagopoides roots, leaves and flowers extracts separately. In total, 50 compounds have been identified in the studied extracts. The identified phytochemicals included 10 terpenoids, 8 alkaloids, 7 fatty acids,6 alkanes, 4 steroids, 3 phenols, 2 flavonoid, 2 alcohols, 2 esters, and 2 organic acid. Several compounds with eminent pharmatheotical importance recorded in relatively high percentage in the studied extracts, including phytol, 9-desoxo-9-x-acetoxy-3,8,12-tri-O-acetylingol, dihydroxanthin, cadinol, endrin, colchifoleine, lucenin 2, quercetin and prednisone.

[Amina Al-Moshaddak, Hassan S. Al Zahrani, Manal El-Zohri. Ecological and phytochemical evaluation of the halophyte Aeluropus lagopoides grows wildly in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(4):1-10]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 01. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110425.01

Key Words: Halophytes; secondary metabolites; phytochemical analysis; GC-MS screening

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Incidence Of Escherichia Coli Associated With Effluent From Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant On The Surrounding Water Body.

                                          Adayi, Florence Iyaji

                Department of Microbiology, Uniersity of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria.

                                  Email: florenceadayi@yahoo.com 

ABSTRACT: Incidence of Escherichia coli associated with effluent from wupa sewage treatment plant on the surrounding water body was conducted. Ten (15) water samples were collected from Wupa river, with five (5) each from the upstream, downstream and point of effluent discharge into the river and screened for the incidence of Escherichia coli. One milliliter of sample was dissolved in 10 ml sterilized distilled water. Ten-fold dilutions of the samples were made up to 10^-6 and some 0.1 ml was inoculated on Nutrient agar (10^-6) and MacConkey agar (10^-3) as well as Eosin Methylene Blue agar (10^-3) using the spread plate method. The inoculated plates were incubated at 37 ⁰C for 24 hours and were subsequently sub cultured to obtain pure isolates. The resulting total aerobic bacterial loads in upstream station of Wupa River before discharge point showed that, the resulting colonies range from 1.06×10⁹±0.20 Cfu/ml to 1.23×10⁹±0.21 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.65×10⁸±0.21 Cfu/ml to 2.9×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml. Similarly, the total aerobic bacterial loads in downstream of Wupa river after effluent discharge point showed that, the resulting colonies range from 1.40×10⁹±0.30 Cfu/ml to 1.80×10⁹±0.21 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.60×10⁸±0.22 Cfu/ml to 2.80×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml. However, the total aerobic bacterial loads at the point of effluent discharge to the River showed that, the resulting colonies range from 8.20×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml to 9.40×10⁸±0.22 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.10×10⁷±0.11 Cfu/ml to 2.40×10⁷±0.14 Cfu/ml. A total of ten (10) Escherichia coli were isolated from this study and, maximum of six (6) were isolated from the upstream, and three (3) from the downstream of the Wupa river after effluent discharge point while point of effluent discharge to the river had only one (1) incidence of E. coli. This indicator organism shown there feacal contamination in the River. Hence, the need for need for proper management and purification of the effluent before discharging it to the stream.

[Adayi, Florence Iyaji. Incidence Of Escherichia Coli Associated With Effluent From Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant On The Surrounding Water Body. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(4):11-16]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 02. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110425.02

Keywords: Escherichia coli; Wupa; Effluent

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REVIEW ON PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF BOVINE SALMONELLOSIS

Daniel Adamu, Askale Abrhaley and Anemaw Eshetie

School of Veterinary Medicine, college of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar , Ethiopia

Corresponding author: Daniel Adamu, e-mail: daniadamu2016@gmail.com

SUMMARY: Salmonellosis is the most common food-borne and zoonotic bacterial disease in the world. Salmonella is a significant pathogen for food-producing animals and these animals are the primary source of salmonellosis. The pathogen is spread by trade in animals and non-heated animal food products. Sporadic disease is more common than outbreaks. Salmonellae are able to breach the intestinal barrier via phagocytosis and trafficking by CD18-positive immune cells, which may be a mechanism key to typhoidal Salmonella infection. Microscopically, Hemorrhage, oedema, necrosis and leucocytic infiltration (mainly macrophages) are seen in the Mucosae of intestinal wall. The economic loss associated in human salmonellosis is due to investigation, treatment and prevention of illness. Diagnosis of salmonellosis depends on clinical signs and isolation of the pathogen from feces, blood, or tissues of affected animals. Salmonellosis affect animal of all stages but, the elderly, infants, and those with impaired immune systems are more likely to develop severe illness and show prominent clinical sign. The most common presentation includes fever, nausea, and diarrhea, cramping and sometimes vomiting. Antimicrobial therapy (or treatment with antibiotics) is not recommended for uncomplicated gastroenteritis. In contrast, antibiotics are recommended for persons at increased risk of invasive disease, including infants younger than 3 months of age. To prevent Salmonella one should use caution when handling and storing raw meat. Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium are the most important serotypes for salmonellosis transmitted from animals to human.

[Daniel Adamu, Askale Abrhaley and Anemaw Eshetie. REVIEW ON PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF BOVINE SALMONELLOSIS. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(4):17-26]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110425.03

Key words: Bovine salmonellosis; Zoonotic

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SURVEY ON BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN MANDURA DISTRICT OF BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA:  PREVALENCE  AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS

Asmamaw Aki  Jano

Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O.Box:326, Asossa, Ethiopia; email address: asmamawaki@gmail.com; Cele phone: +251922232353

Abstract: This study was conducted in Mandura district of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia between January and April, 2017 to determine trypanosomosis status, anemia association with trypanosomosis, trypanosomes species and to identify associated risks.  Dark phase contrast buffy coat procedures were used for determining prevalence.  Whereas, haematocrit method was used for packed cell volume (PCV) values determination.  Furthermore, traps were deployed for the purpose of entomological survey. Of the total animals diagnosed 101/384(26.30%) were trypanosomes positive. Trypanosoma congolense 88/101(87.13%),Trypanosoma vivax 6/101(5.94%), Trypanosoma brucei 2/101(1.98%) were detected with their mixed infections 5/101(4.95%). Trypanosomes infection rate was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Mean packed cell volume (PCV) value of parasitaemic animals was lower (22.01% +3.81) than that of aparasitaemic animals (27.03% + 0.65) and the variation was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Among the examined animals, 45.83% (176/384) were found anaemic. Anaemia distribution was significantly higher 31.25%  in infected cattle than in non-infected 14.58% .  Study sites (p>0.05) and age categories were demonstrated significant risk factors, however, sex groups were found non- significant (P> 0.05). But body conditions has significant difference (P<0.003).  During the survey, Glossina tachinoides was found in the area (5.64 f/t/d) along with other mechanical vectors such as stomoxys (4.24 f/t/d), haematopota 0.72  f/t/d) and tabanid (1.06 f/t/d).  To summarize, the present study showed high trypanosomosis prevalence in the area reflecting the need for strategic control measures.

[Asmamaw Aki  Jano. SURVEY ON BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN MANDURA DISTRICT OF BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA:  PREVALENCE  AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(4):27-34]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 04. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110425.04

Key words: Anaemia; Mandura; PCV; Risk factor; Trypanosomosis; Tsetse fly

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Review on Major Gastro Intestinal Tract Parasites in Small Ruminants in Ethiopia

Birara Ayalneh Tamiru.

College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of  Paraclinical    Studies, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT: Gastro intestinal tract parasites are an economically important parasitic disease of sheep and goat caused by trematode, cestode and nematode parasites. It is an important limiting factor for ovine and caprin Production and causes for several economic losses due to morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. The problem of gastro intestinal tract parasites in Ethiopia, especially in small ruminants is much more severe due to very favorable environmental conditions for parasite multiplication, transmission, poor nutrition of host animals, and poor sanitation in facilities where animals are housing and grazing.  As a result diseases caused by helminthes remain as one of the major impediments to small ruminant production. Economic losses caused by gastrointestinal parasites are losses through lowered fertility, a reduction in food intake and lower weight gains, lower milk production, treatment costs and mortality in heavily parasitized animals. The objective of this seminar paper is to review the epidemiology, diagnosis pathogenesis, treatment and control options of Gastro intestinal tract parasites. Diagnosis of Gastro intestinal tract parasites are based on clinical sign, grazing history, and seasonal occurrence, examination of feces by laboratory tests and post mortem examination. Treatment of infected animals will largely depend on the correct use of appropriate and registered anthelmintics. Gastro intestinal tract parasites may be controlled by reducing the populations of the intermediate hosts, grazing management and by appropriate anthelmintic treatment.

[Birara Ayalneh Tamiru. Review on Major Gastro Intestinal Tract Parasites in Small Ruminants in Ethiopia. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(4):35-41]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 05. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110425.05

Keywords:  Anthelmintic; Cestode; Ethiopia GIT; Nematode; Trematode,1. INTRODUCTION

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Organizational Cynicism and its effect on Staff Nurses Job Embeddedness and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

Ebtsam Ahmed Mohamed¹, Rasha Mohamed Nagib Ali²

1Lecturer of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing. Minia University, Egypt

2Lecturer of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing. Minia University, Egypt

tamem.ali23@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Health care organizations cannot succeed without productive nursing staff. Improving the productivity and performance of health care workers in order to enhance efficiency in health interventions, is a major challenge. Objectives: This study determined whether there were an effect of organizational cynicism on job embeddedness and organizational citizenship behaviors among staff nurses. Methods: A descriptive correlation research design was conducted to achieve the aim of the current study. Setting: The study was conducted at Minia General Hospital. Subject: convenience sample of staff nurses who were working at Minia General Hospital (n=331). Fourth tools was used for collecting data for this study, 1st:Personal data questionnaire  2nd: Organizational Cynicism Scale (OCS), 3rd:Job Embeddedness Scale, and 4th: Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Questionnaire. Result: The findings of the present study revealed that the majority percent of Minia general hospital staff nurses exhibited “high “responses toward organizational cynicism dimensions. On the contrary, the highly percent of the nurses were responses to “low” for total job embeddedness and nurses exhibited “low” responses toward organizational citizenship behavior dimensions.  Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that there were a negative correlation between organizational cynicism and job embeddedness and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, there were a positive correlation between job embeddedness and organizational citizenship behavior. Recommendation: it is suggested that every manager in organizations need to play a more active and vital role in preventing cynicism, and managers need to be more understanding about the causes of cynicism and how to dealing with all employees.

[Ebtsam Ahmed Mohamed, Rasha Mohamed Nagib Ali. Organizational Cynicism and its effect on Staff Nurses Job Embeddedness and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(4):42-55]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 06. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110425.06

Keywords: organizational cynicism; job embeddedness; organizational citizenship behavior; staff nurses

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