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Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic contents, and Fatty Acid Composition of Litsea monopetala (ROXB.) Seeds

¹ Assistant Professor Dr. Shraddha Pandey, ²Retd. Head of Department Dr. Kiran Vajpai, ³Assistant Professor Dr. Nisha Tiwari

¹Rishi Ms Institute Of Engineering & Technology For Women, Hyderabad

^2,3Department of Chemistry Govt. Bilasa Girls P.G. College, Bilaspur

ABSTRACT: Studying the seeds for their chemical properties, especially in the forest regions of Chhattisgarh, is a valuable research endeavour. Such studies can contribute to our understanding of the chemical composition of the seeds and their potential applications, both in traditional medicine and various industrial sectors. The aim of this paper is to study the phytochemical properties along with Phenolic content & fatty acid profile of the seeds of Litsea monopetala (ROXB.) found in the forest region of Chhattisgarh. Popularly known Meda of Litsea monopetala (ROXB.)  has been part of many traditional medicinal works found in literature in India. The oil obtained from the seeds of Litsea monopetala (ROXB.)  is Redish Brown in color and was about 32.75 % of the weight. Phytochemical analysis of the seeds shows that refractive index of the seed is 1.44, Specific Gravity around 0.855, Saponification value of 28.05, Iodine value found was around 6.34 (gm/100gm), Acid Value of 13.07 (mg/g) & Free Fatty Acid content of around 6.53 %(mg/g). Ultimate analysis on the seed shows that the content percentage of Carbon is 48.44, Hydrogen is 6.66, Nitrogen is 6.42 and Sulphur is 0.3. Fatty acid analysis of the seeds shows that the content of Lauric acid (C12:0) & Capric acid (C10:0) was highest among the saturated fatty acid having values of 71.57 and 18.92 respectively.  Lauric acid possesses antimicrobial property and can be affective against Acne CITATION Nak09 \l 1033  (Nakatsuji, et al., 2009). In unsaturated fatty acids the content of Oleic acid was found to be the highest of around 4.05. Oleic acid a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid is considered heart-healthy and is associated with various health benefits. The seed were analysed for the presence of phenolic compounds like Flavonoids and Total phenol. The quantity of Flavonoids and Total Pheonl was found to be 322 mg of QE/100 gm and 139.13 mg of GAE/100 gm.

[Assistant Professor Dr. Shraddha Pandey, Retd. Head of Department Dr. Kiran Vajpai, Assistant Professor Dr. Nisha Tiwari. Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic contents, and Fatty Acid Composition of Litsea monopetala (ROXB.) Seeds. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(2):1-5]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 01. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120226.01

Keywords: Phytochemical Screening; Total Phenolic contents; Fatty Acid Composition; Litsea monopetala (ROXB.) Seeds

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Evaluation of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Potency and Antibody Response to Routine Vaccination among a Population of Rivers State, Nigeria

¹Ugboma, C. D., ²Okonko, B. J., ¹Cookey, T. I., ³Awanye, A. M, ¹Frank-Peterside, N. & ¹Okonko, I. O.

¹Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.

²Medical Microbiology & Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Madonna University Nigeria, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria

³Immunology and Vaccinology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Correspondence Author email address: chizoba_ugboma@uniport.edu.ng

ABSTRACT: The study evaluates vaccine potency and investigates the prevalence of IgG antibodies for tetanus toxoid (TT) in routine vaccination among a population of Rivers State, Nigeria, with socio-demographic factors. Using ELISA kits, the study analysed blood samples from 282 participants, aiming to evaluate immunity levels against tetanus. The overall antibody response prevalence was 90.3%. Participants aged 21-30 years were again the majority (55.6%), and females constituted 93.2%. Married individuals accounted for 79.4% of the group, with 54% holding a tertiary education. Most were involved in business (45%) or civil service (39%). The clinical presentations predominantly showed pregnant women (76.2%) and an even distribution across gestational periods. The study revealed a significant prevalence of Tetanus Toxoid IgG antibodies, particularly among females (93.2%) and urban residents (91.3%). This highlights the effectiveness of vaccination programs in these groups and the need to sustain high immunity levels to prevent tetanus outbreaks, especially among women of reproductive age. The study highlighted lower tetanus immunity levels in rural populations (8.7%) and males (6.8%), underscoring the need to focus public health efforts on improving vaccine coverage in these underserved groups. The study found that 76.2% of the participants were pregnant women, emphasising the critical role of tetanus vaccination during pregnancy to prevent neonatal tetanus. This reinforces the importance of maternal health interventions in ensuring adequate tetanus protection. Education level, marital status, and occupation were found to influence tetanus immunity. Higher levels of immunity were associated with tertiary education (54%) and certain occupations like business/traders (45%) and civil servants (39%). These findings contribute to understanding how socio-demographic factors impact vaccination uptake and immunity. The study emphasises the importance of monitoring tetanus toxoid immunity, particularly among pregnant women, as a significant proportion (65.8%) reported pregnancy. The major conclusion from the study is that young, urban-dwelling women of reproductive age, particularly those aged 21-30, exhibit high antibody prevalence for tetanus. This finding contributes to understanding vaccine efficacy and the need for targeted immunisation programs, particularly in maternal health contexts.

[Ugboma, C. D., Okonko, B. J., Cookey, T. I., Awanye, A. M., Frank-Peterside, N., & Okonko, I. O.  Evaluation of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Potency and Antibody Response to Routine Vaccination among a Population of Rivers State, Nigeria. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(2):6-21]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 02. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120226.02

Keywords: Tetanus; Toxoid; IgG Antibody; Maternal Health

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Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue from Water using Magnetic Biochar from Pentaclethra macrophylla Seed Shells: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies

S.C., Iromaka¹, V.O., Njoku¹, C.E. Duru¹ and O.O. John-Dewole²

¹Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria

²Department of Chemical Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan

*Correspondence: johndewole.olusegun@lcu.edu.ng  ORCID 0000-0003-4883-775

phone: +2348034968640

Abstract: The release of synthetic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), into waterbodies poses significant environmental and health risks due to their toxicity, mutagenicity and persistence. Conventional water treatment methods often struggle to effectively remove these pollutants. However, biomass-derive adsorbent, like biochar, have potentials in removing dyes from polluted water efficiently at low cost. This study investigated the use of magnetic impregnated biochar of Pentaclethra macrophylla (African oil bean) seed shell (F_e-BC PM) as an adsorbent to remove MB by employing batch adsorption experimental set-up. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) for surface area and pore size analysis. Experimental adsorption data were modeled with such isotherm models as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. Langmuir Isotherm best fitted the adsorption process indicating monolayer adsorption and a monolayer adsorption capacity calculated, q_m was 29.07 mg/g. Four adsorption kinetic models were experimented (Lagergren pseudo-first-order, Ho and Mckay Pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich). Pseudo-second-order (PSO) best fitted the adsorption process, using the regression coefficient (R²) values obtained as basis. This indicated that the rate-limiting step of the adsorption process was chemisorption. The thermodynamic parameters suggest exothermic nature, increased randomness or disordering and spontaneity of the adsorption of MB onto F_e-BC at 30 ^oC, 35 ^oC, 40 ^oC, 45 ^oC, and 50 ^oC. The experimental results showed that high pH favoured the adsorption of MB onto magnetic impregnated biochar (Fe-BC) of Pentaclethra macrophylla seed shell. The FTIR spectral analysis indicated the presence of – OH of carboxylic acid, C-O of alcohol and C-Cl of alkyl halide all of which were functional groups identified on the Fe-BC surface.

[S.C., Iromaka, V.O., Njoku, C.E. Duru and O.O. John-Dewole. Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue from Water using Magnetic Biochar from Pentaclethra macrophylla Seed Shells: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(2):22-37]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120226.03

Keywords: Pentaclethra macrophylla; magnetic biochar; methylene blue dye; adsorption isotherms; adsorption kinetics

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Comparative study of “Tuwo” made from maize, sorghum and rice

Sunmonu¹, B.A., Tajudeen¹, Z.O., Adeyanju², O., Oloso³, S.E., Akinsola³, A.O., & Salmon⁴, R.Y.

¹Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara state, Nigeria

²Department of Home Economics, Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria

³Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria

⁴Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Corresponding author: Akinsola.akinjide1333@fcesoyo.edu.ng

Abstract: Comparative study of tuwo made from maize, sorghum and rice were investigated. The samples were coded as sample TML (Maize tuwo), TSL (sorghum tuwo) and TRS (rice tuwo) and analyzed for nutritional, chemical and sensory attributes such as taste, texture and overall acceptability. Proximate composition shows that moisture content ranged from 11.34 - 15.67 %; protein 9.53 - 11.63 %; fat 2.34 - 2.59 %; fibre 1.53 - 1.65 %; ash 1.27 - 1.42 % and carbohydrate content from 69.43 - 71.57 %. Selected mineral content evaluated shows that calcium content ranged from 7.39 - 8.17 mg/100g; magnesium 4.05 - 4.66 mg/100g; potassium 6.14 - 6.79 mg/100g; manganese 4.57 - 5.01 mg/100; zinc 3.85 - 4.39 mg/100g and iron content from 2.64 - 2.94 mg/100g. Functional properties shows that bulk density ranged from 0.74-0.79 mg/100g; water asorption capacity 2.47 - 2.67 %; oil absorption capacity 2.67 - 2.95 %; emulsion capacity 4.88 - 4.99 %; emulsion stability 39.44 - 38.37 %; foam capacity 33.51 - 36.43 %; foaming stability 14.75 - 15.17 %; swelling capacity 2.84 - 2.89 %; swelling index 1.85 - 1.95 %; dispersibility 73.00 - 76.00 %; gelatinization temperature 64.00 - 70.00 ^oC while its starch content from 69.38 - 76.12 %. Pasting properties shows that peak viscosity ranged from 333.10 - 381.21 RVU; trough 138.01 - 187.21 RVU; breakdown 110.61 - 187.21 RVU; final viscosity 218.21 - 311.21 RVU; setback 143.61 - 172.51 RVU; peak time 5.25 - 5.30 min and pasting temperature from 83.66 - 84.51 ^oC. Sensory attributes mean scores shows that all the samples were acceptable by the panelist however; sample TSL (sorghum sample) was rated highest. The result obtained shows the nutritional and chemical properties of tuwo flour and its sensory acceptability can best be produced from sorghum because of it high nutritional content and overall acceptability by the panelist.

[Sunmonu, B.A., Tajudeen, Z.O., Adeyanju, O., Oloso, S.E., Akinsola, A.O., & Salmon, R.Y. Comparative study of “Tuwo” made from maize, sorghum and rice. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(2):38-49]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 04. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120226.04

Keywords: Gelatinization temperature; pasting property; minerals content; sensory attributes; starch content; tuwo

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Nurses’ and Physicians’ Attitudes Towards Nurse-Physician Collaboration in Critical Care Units.

Fatimah S. alsallum 1 , Maram A. Banakhar 2 Sulafa K. Gattan , Salha A. Alwalani, Roaa A. Alsuhaim and Raghad A. Samarkandi 1

Department of Public Health Nursing, King Abdulaziz University- Saudi Arabia. 2 Department of Public Health Nursing, King Abdulaziz University- Saudi Arabia. Fatimahalsallum@gmail.com, ahbbanakher3@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Background: Nurses-physician collaboration is crucial for patient’s safety and improving patient’s outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses’ and physicians’ attitudes towards nurse-physician collaboration in critical care units in one teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was conducted by using Jefferson scale from 152 nurses and 35 physicians in critical care units. Results: The results demonstrated that nurses have more positive attitudes toward nurse-physician collaboration in critical care units than physicians.

[Fatimah S. alsallum, Maram A. Banakhar, Sulafa K. Gattan, Salha A. Alwalani, Roaa A. Alsuhaim and Raghad A. Samarkandi. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(2):50-55]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 05. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120226.05

Keywords: Nurses; Physician; Attitudes; Collaboration; Critical Care Units.

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Bioefficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens, foliar and cultivated soil application against Tetranychus urticae on Cucumber crop

Waked A. Dalia¹, Mahgoub H.A.M.², Eleawa M.¹, and Rataba A.¹

(1)    Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

(2)    Botany and Microbiology Dep., Faculty of Science, AlAzhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

dr.dalia188@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Tetranychus urticae, is a key pest of Cucumber, irrespective of the use of conventional or organic management. In organic systems, however, the use of synthetic insecticides is not allowed, increasing the difficulty of controlling this pest. P. fluorescens had an effective effect on soil treatment and foliar spraying, (T3) where the reduction was 75.21%. Where there were no significant differences between them and the reduction caused by the chemical pesticide and this shows the importance of the role of biopesticides in reducing the population of this serious pest. There is no significant effect on the protease by all treatments. While the chitinase enzyme shows that its activity increased at a high rate in all the treatments except ortus treatment compared with control. The chemical pesticide ortus had an effective and strong effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) where the activity of this enzyme decreased to the extent of inhibition, reaching 35.43 (μgAchBr/min/g.b.wt) while, the activity of this enzyme increased in the other treatments, where the activity reached nearly control or increase after the first spray. The treatments which caused high reduction percent gave high productivity. There were not any significant differences in yield amount in treatment with (ortus), (soil and foliar application of P. fluorescens) and (foliar application of P. fluorescens and B. bassiana).                                            

[Waked A. Dalia, Mahgoub H.A.M., Eleawa M., Rataba A. Bioefficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens, foliar and cultivated soil application against Tetranychus urticae on Cucumber crop. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(2):56-61]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 06. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120226.06

Key words: Pseudomonas fluorescens; Tetranychus urticae; cucumber

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