Report and Opinion
Volume
2 - Issue 2, Cumulated 8, 2010, ISSN 1553-9873
Cover
Page, Introduction,
Contents, Call for
Papers, All papers in one file
The following
manuscripts are presented as online first for peer-review,
February 16, 2010.
All
comments are welcome: editor@sciencepub.net
Welcome to send your manuscript(s) to: editor@sciencepub.net
CONTENTS
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No.
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Titles / Authors
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1
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Cosmic
Impact Site That Created Earth’s Axial Tilt and Fault
Lines
Mihai Radu Draghici – 2100 Western Ave #66
Seattle, WA 98121 USA
mike.draghici@gmail.com
| Tel. (206) 883-4453
Abstract: Using Google
Earth and browsing the geographic appearance of the
Earth’s crust starting from the South Pacific Ocean right
above Antarctica and traveling over to Drake’s Passage
and into the South Atlantic Ocean there seems to be a visual
trace that some sort of cosmic collision occurred in that area.
The impact of the object surfed across the ocean and collided
with the bottom of South America where it once connected to
Antarctica creating Drake’s Passage opening. This impact
also may have had the kinetic energy to break the Earth’s
crustal plate and create the fault lines in addition to
changing Earth’s axial tilt. [Report and Opinion.
2010;2(2):1-2]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
Keywords: cosmic impact, asteroid collision,
fault lines, earth’s axial tilt
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2
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Effects of some artificial diets on the feed utilization
and growth of the fry of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Md. Ghulam
Mustafa, Md. Jobaer Alam, Md. Mominul
Islam
Department of Fisheries, University of
Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
jobaerviu@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: An experiment on culture of climbing
perch (Anabas testudineus) in
cement tanks using different protein level diets was conducted
to find the appropriate feeding diets and their effects on the
growth and survival of 15-days old koi
(Anabas testudineus)
fry in intensive culture
of this fish. The experiment was carried out for a duration of 60 days with 4 treatments in 8
cement tanks each of size 12×6×1.5 feet. The initial length and
weight were 14.5 ± 0.4 mm and 0.95 ± 0.05 g respectively. The
feeds were applied twice a day at the rate of 10 %( initially)
to 5% (later on) of the body weight of the fry/day. The results
showed that the growth of fry varied significantly (P<0.05)
with different diets. The highest growth and survival rate were
found in the trial where fishes were fed on Sabinco
feed containing 50.92% protein (on dry matter basis), followed
by Feed-3 containing 30% protein. The poorest growth rate was
shown by Feed- 1 (prepared by rice bran, wheat bran, fish meal
and soybean meal) containing 20% protein. There was no
significant difference in survival rates among the fry fed with
Sabinco and prepared diets. The
experiment suggests that Feed-2 (Sabinco
Feed) can be recommended for the intensive culture of climbing
perch. [Report and Opinion. 2010;2(2):3-28].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
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3
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Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of Leaf
Meal of an Ethnomedicinal Plant-Neem on Blood Chemistry of Puberal Chinchilla Rabbit Does
Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu*, Ifeanyi
Charles Okoli, Michael Uwaezuoke Iloeje
Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Federal University of Technology,
P.M.B.1526, Owerri,
Imo State, Nigeria.
princiano2001@ yahoo.com
Abstract: The livestock industry in Nigeria, in
the last decade, has been greatly affected by high cost of
feed. The provision of feed alone has been reported to account
for 60 - 80% of the total cost in most livestock production in
Nigeria and this emphasize the interest to develop local
feedstuffs. In view of this, there is increased interest by
Nigerian livestock farmers to harness unconventional feed
ingredients such as neem leaf meals. Neem has been reported to contain several
biologically active constituents such as azadirachtin,
meliantriol, salanin,
nimbin as well as nimbidin.
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of long term feeding of neem
leaf meal based diets on blood chemistry chinchilla rabbit
does. Thirty-six clinically healthy rabbits were divided
into four groups. Rabbits on group 1
served as a control whereas those on group 2, 3 & 4 were
used for the determination of toxic effect of neem leaf meal on blood chemistry. Blood samples were collected to
obtain serum for biochemical studies and heparinized
blood for hematological investigations. The neutrophil
counts of rabbits on group 2, 3 & 4 were significantly
(p<0.05) reduced. Serum
cholesterol and serum alkaline phosphatase
concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the treatment. The serum
globulin and serum glucose concentrations of group 4 rabbits
were significantly (p<0.05)
lowered relative to the group 1 (control) rabbits. These
results indicate that neem leaf meal
based diets had visible deleterious effects on blood chemistry
of chinchilla rabbit does. [Report and Opinion
2010:2(2):29-34]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
Keywords: rabbits; neem
leaf meal; blood chemistry; phytotoxicity
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4
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An Analysis of a Monopolist In a Small Open Economy
Trudy Joseph
College of International Business and
Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China 200444
yunvi70@hotmail.com
Abstract: A monopoly can be defined as a market
that has only one seller but many buyers. As a sole producer of
a product, a monopolist is in a position of market power. This
is because there are no competitors who could compete for
market share. The monopoly exists due to economies of scale,
because of sole access to some resource or technology or
because of the use of non-market means to eliminate
competition. This could be buying out competitors, colluding
with suppliers or customers to discriminate against
competitors, enacting legislation to restrict competition,
threatening costly law suits or even engaging in physical
violence. In this paper we focus on one firm, working as a
natural or pure monopolist within a small open economy. A brief
overview of both the case country and the case firm is given.
Choice of output and prices, price discrimination within the
company, the impact of the current government subsidy for
electricity and the role of the regulatory board governing
utility companies in the case country will all be covered in
this paper. Monopolistic tendencies within a Capitalist system,
firm collusion, political influences and corporate control will
also be briefly discussed. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):35-42]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
Key words: Monopoly; Price Discrimination;
Government Regulation; Capitalist System
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5
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Generating
the Peano axioms from two principles
and one undefined term — Hilbert’s second problem
Kees Beukering
Dutch
Mountain Research Group of non-existence
P.O. Box
3060, 2301 DB Leiden, Holland
Kees@beukering.nl
Abstract: The aim of this
paper is to construct a model that only uses two principles and
one undefined term from which the Peano
axioms (five in total) can be derived. Plurality within the
undefined term makes it possible to form new axioms from these
two principles and by introducing certain substitutions the
undefined term becomes multiplied into three entities. The Peano axioms arise from applying these
substitutions to the two principles and the new axioms. The
simplicity of the model makes it possible to take a look behind
the scenery of mathematical thinking and to reveal a glimpse of
its principles (foundation). [Report and Opinion. 2010;2(2):43-46]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
Key words: self;
self-evident; image; independence; singularity
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6
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Effect of drought stress on corn root growth
Tayeb Saki
Nejad1*, Abdolmahdi Bakhshande2, Saeed Boromand
Nasab3, Khoshnaz Payande1
1- Assistant
Professor Department of Agronomy Physiology, Islamic Azad
University, Ahvaz branch
2-
Professor Department of Physiology, Ramin
Agriculture University
3-
Professor Department of Irrigation, Shahid
Chamran University
*Corresponding Arthur: Tayebsaki1350@yahoo.com
Abstract: Research in Islamic Azad
University research farm in southwest and 3 kilometers away the
city of Ahwaz with an average rainfall of 256 mm was performed.
A split plot design experiment in randomized complete block
design (treatments main plot: different amounts of irrigation
(I) and sub-plots: plant growth phases(S)) was performed with
four replications. Drought conditions, important parameters
such as root length, number, weight and root volume, decreased
if mild water stress to some extent in root length was
increased, but severe water stress conditions root length was
significantly reduced, but treatment mild water stress during
root 16.7 cm g soil to control increased weight, root length
and number of roots unlike the mild stress can be increased to
some extent, by applying the smallest levels of water stress,
decreased in severe water stress treatments 17.7 grams per
plant almost half the root weight without stress treatment was
water, full size dependence root growth components such as the
number and weight of roots decreased in the past two components
of stress, volume Root also decreasing trend has provided four
tests mean Duncan will provide that treatment (control) and
treated with 151cc highest volume I3 with severe
water stress 81cc scaled lowest water cylinder size showed. The
ratio of root to shoot in different levels of water stress decreased
shoot and root weight decreased, but both decreasing trend in
shoot weight of so much more stress the process of root weight
was reduced. Comparing two-phase vegetative and reproductive
growth period (respectively S1 and S2) of
root weight reduction process at different levels of water
stress, it was clear that root weight decreasing trend in the
treatment of stress treatment, S2 very more S1
was in treatment S2, percentage of root weight
significantly decreased 47% in treatment S1, but this value
was 24%, respectively. [Report
and Opinion 2010; 2(2):47-53].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
Keywords: corn root, drought stress, growth
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7
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Toxicological Effects of Leaf
Meal of Ethnomedicinal Plant -Neem-
on Serum Biochemistry of Crossbred New
Zealand
White Typed Rabbit Bucks
Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu*,
Martin Chukwudi Uchegbu,
Ifeanyi Charles Okoli,
Michael Uwaezuoke Iloeje
Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department
of Animal Science and Technology,
Federal University of
Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri,
Nigeria.
Abstract: Due to high cost of feeding livestock in
general and rabbits in particular with conventional feed
ingredients in Nigeria.
Research efforts are now geared towards identifying and
exploiting novel feed ingredients which are not in strict
competition with man's dietary need. This novel feed ingredient
includes leaf meals of ethnomedicinal
plants such as neem. Although neem
leaf meal may have performed well as a nutrient source not much
has been reported on its effect on serum biochemistry of
crossbred New Zealand white typed rabbit bucks. Therefore the present study investigated
the hazardous effects of neem leaf
meal on serum biochemical characteristics of crossbred
New Zealand white typed rabbit bucks. Rabbits with mean body
weights of 1644.43gm were randomly assigned to four treatment
groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4)
on weight basis and fed neem leaf
meal at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectively in a completely
randomized design experiment. Serum globulin values of bucks on
T2 and T3 groups were significantly
(p<0.05) lower than the T4 bucks. The serum
sodium levels of bucks on T2 and T4
groups were significantly (p<0.05) different from the bucks
on control group. The T3 and T4 bucks had
significantly (p<0.05) elevated serum urea value compared to
bucks on T1 and T2 groups. Serum alkaline
phosphatase values of bucks on T2
and T3 groups were significantly (p<0.05)
affected by the treatment. The serum cholesterol and serum
glucose levels of were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by
treatment. All the
other parameters were similar (p>0.05) among the treatment
groups. It is therefore concluded that neem
leaf meal based diets had severe depressive effects on
serum cholesterol and serum glucose synthesis. [Report and Opinion
2010;2(2):54-57]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
Keywords:
rabbit bucks; neem leaf meal; serum biochemistry; phytotoxicity
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8
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Indigenous
uses of plant species in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India
J.K. Tiwari1, L.R. Dangwal2,
C.S. Rana3, P. Tiwari1 and Radha Ballabha1
1.
Department
of Botany, HNB Garhwal University,
Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand,
India
2.
Dept.
of Botany, Garhwal University Campus,
Badshahi Thaul,
Tehri Garhwal,
Uttarakhand, India
3.
Herbal
Research Development Institute, Gopeshwar,
Chamoli, Uttarakhand,
India
Authors E-mail: jktiwari31@rediffmail.com, ptiwari29@rediffmail.com, radhekuniyal.2007@rediffmail.com,
Abstract: The present study has been carried out in the
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand,
India, to document the ethnobotanical
uses of plants. A total of 41 species belonging to 40 genera
and 26 families have been reported. Plant species commonly used
by local people for food, fodder, medicine and in other fields
of their lives are enumerated. A list of plant species along
with their local names, plant part(s) used and mode of
application has been given. The findings can be utilized in the
future for technological advancement, economic prosperity and
providing employment opportunity to the local people. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):58-61].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
Key Words: Nanda Devi
Biosphere Reserve, plant species, ethnobotany
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LEAD
TOXICITY IN BULL
Mona
S. Zaki(1);Nabila El Batrawy (2) Olfat M. Fawzi
(3) and Nagwa S. Ataa(4)
(1) Dept. of
Hydrobiology, N.R.C.
(2) Dep.
of microbiology, Animal Reproduction Research Inst.
(3) Dept. of Biochemistry, N.R.C.
(4) Department of microbiology,N.R.C
olfatdarwish@yahoo.com
Abstract: The problem of lead toxicity
originated in a private farm in El- Katta
“Giza governorate”, due to ingestion of plant
polluted with lead. About 8 out of 50 bull animals
showed lead toxicity. The animal’s age was 6 months. The animals suffered from depression, pressing head against
objects, dilatation of eye pupils, total blindness (in 2 cases)
with normal light reflex in both eyes, edema in briskets,
enteritis with bloody diarrhea
and pupil dilation. Also there were lacrimation, pale
dirty mucous membrane and sunken eyes. Serum analysis from these
animals revealed high lead concentration. In addition too,
significant decrease in the levels of testosterone, LH, FSH.
PCV, haemoglobin, R.B.C.s
and total proteins were also decreased. Highly degeneration of
kidney, and liver accompanied with elevation of AST, ALT, Urea,
creatinine, cortisol,
sodium, and potassium. Moreover, Sterptococcus
sp., S. epidermidis and S.
Aeruginosa were isolated. We
conclude that the cause of animals morbidity and mortality in
this farm was not due to bacterial infections but due to lead
toxicity and we can say that polluted environment, especially
with lead, can cause severe harm to animal health, in addition
to serious danger on human health, by eating food polluted with
lead. [Report and Opinion. 2010;2(2):62-66]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
Keywords: Lead toxicity in bull, environmental
pollution, biochemical and microbial changes
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10
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Indigenous
uses of plant species in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India
J.K. Tiwari1, L.R. Dangwal2,
C.S. Rana3, P. Tiwari1 and Radha Ballabha1
4.
Department
of Botany, HNB Garhwal University,
Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand,
India
5.
Dept.
of Botany, Garhwal University Campus,
Badshahi Thaul,
Tehri Garhwal,
Uttarakhand, India
6.
Herbal
Research Development Institute, Gopeshwar,
Chamoli, Uttarakhand,
India
Authors E-mail: jktiwari31@rediffmail.com, ptiwari29@rediffmail.com, radhekuniyal.2007@rediffmail.com,
Abstract: The present study has been carried out in the
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand,
India, to document the ethnobotanical
uses of plants. A total of 41 species belonging to 40 genera
and 26 families have been reported. Plant species commonly used
by local people for food, fodder, medicine and in other fields
of their lives are enumerated. A list of plant species along
with their local names, plant part(s) used and mode of
application has been given. The findings can be utilized in the
future for technological advancement, economic prosperity and providing
employment opportunity to the local people. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):67-70].
(ISSN: 1553-9873).
Key Words: Nanda Devi
Biosphere Reserve, plant species, ethnobotany
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11
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Generating the Peano axioms
from two principles and one undefined term —
Hilbert’s second
problem
Kees Beukering
Dutch Mountain Research Group of
non-existence
P.O. Box 3060, 2301 DB Leiden, Holland
Kees@beukering.nl
Abstract: The
aim of this paper is to construct a model that only uses two
principles and one undefined term from which the Peano axioms (five in total) can be
derived. The simplicity of the model makes it possible to take
a look behind the scenery of mathematical thinking and to
reveal a glimpse of its principles (foundation). [Report
and Opinion 2010;2(2):71-74]. (ISSN:
1553-9873).
Key words: self; self-evident; image;
independence; singularit
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12
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Relationship of Motivation and the performance of
employees
Muhammad Shoaib Farooq1, Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid (PHD)2, Prof. Raza Khan3, and Sir Usman Rafique4
Institute of
Business and Management (IB&M), University of Engineering
and Technology (UET) Lahore, Pakistan
sshoaibfarooq2@yahoo.com
Abstract: Motivation is the basic energizing
force which helps an organization for achieving the goals.
There are two types of motivation. First one is the internal and
second one is external. We
will focus on motivation of employees. Some employees are
motivated by high salary, some are motivated by status. Our
agenda is to focus on the motivation of employees in relation
to their performance. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):75-76]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
Key Words: Employee motivation;
motivation; employee performance
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13
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Advanced theory on Dust grain orbiting the sun
Manjunath. R. (Reader in physics)
#16, 8th Main road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar,
Bangalore-560010, Karnataka, India
manjunathr1988@yahoo.in
Abstract: The
new mathematical model allows to calculate Poynting–Robertson
force . It is
shown that the equation for the calculation of Poynting–Robertson
force accounts for the force exerted by incoming solar radiation,gravitational radius of sun and dust
grain's orbital radius.The equation FPR = F * (Rg
/2R )^1/2 (FPR = Poynting–Robertson force , F= Force exerted by solar
radiation , Rg= gravitational radius of sun, C is the speed of light in vaccum , R is
the dust grain's orbital radius ) was developed based on the Newton gravitational
concepts , classical mechanical concepts and basic concepts of physics.The calculation of wavelength of
incoming solar radiation accounts the dust grain's orbital
radius and dust grain’s radius.The energy flux of incoming solar
radiation ,momentum of solar radiation,sun’s
radius and dust grain's orbital radius are brought togather in one frame of reference. [Report
and Opinion 2010;2(2):77-83]. (ISSN:
1553-9873).
Key words : Poynting–Robertson
force , Solar radiation, wavelength, speed of light ,Energy
flux
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