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Science Journal

Report and Opinion

Volume 2 - Issue 2, Cumulated 8, February 16, 2010, ISSN 1553-9873

Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, All papers in one file

Welcome to send your manuscript(s) to: editor@sciencepub.net

CONTENTS

No.	Titles / Authors	Full Text
1	Cosmic Impact Site That Created Earth’s Axial Tilt and Fault Lines Mihai Radu Draghici 2100 Western Ave #66 Seattle, WA 98121 USA mike.draghici@gmail.com \| Tel. (206) 883-4453 Abstract: Using Google Earth and browsing the geographic appearance of the Earth’s crust starting from the South Pacific Ocean right above Antarctica and traveling over to Drake’s Passage and into the South Atlantic Ocean there seems to be a visual trace that some sort of cosmic collision occurred in that area. The impact of the object surfed across the ocean and collided with the bottom of South America where it once connected to Antarctica creating Drake’s Passage opening. This impact also may have had the kinetic energy to break the Earth’s crustal plate and create the fault lines in addition to changing Earth’s axial tilt. [Report and Opinion. 2010;2(2):1-2]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.01 Keywords: cosmic impact, asteroid collision, fault lines, earth’s axial tilt	Full Text
2	*Effects of some artificial diets on the feed utilization and growth of the fry of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus* (Bloch, 1792) Md. Ghulam Mustafa, Md. Jobaer Alam, Md. Mominul Islam Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh jobaerviu@gmail.com ABSTRACT:** An experiment on culture of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in cement tanks using different protein level diets was conducted to find the appropriate feeding diets and their effects on the growth and survival of 15-days old koi (Anabas testudineus) fry in intensive culture of this fish. The experiment was carried out for a duration of 60 days with 4 treatments in 8 cement tanks each of size 12×6×1.5 feet. The initial length and weight were 14.5 ± 0.4 mm and 0.95 ± 0.05 g respectively. The feeds were applied twice a day at the rate of 10 %( initially) to 5% (later on) of the body weight of the fry/day. The results showed that the growth of fry varied significantly (P<0.05) with different diets. The highest growth and survival rate were found in the trial where fishes were fed on Sabinco feed containing 50.92% protein (on dry matter basis), followed by Feed-3 containing 30% protein. The poorest growth rate was shown by Feed- 1 (prepared by rice bran, wheat bran, fish meal and soybean meal) containing 20% protein. There was no significant difference in survival rates among the fry fed with Sabinco and prepared diets. The experiment suggests that Feed-2 (Sabinco Feed) can be recommended for the intensive culture of climbing perch. [Report and Opinion. 2010;2(2):3-28]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.02	Full Text
3	Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of Leaf Meal of an Ethnomedicinal Plant-Neem on Blood Chemistry of Puberal Chinchilla Rabbit Does Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu, Ifeanyi Charles Okoli, Michael Uwaezuoke Iloeje Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. princiano2001@ yahoo.com Abstract:* The livestock industry in Nigeria, in the last decade, has been greatly affected by high cost of feed. The provision of feed alone has been reported to account for 60 - 80% of the total cost in most livestock production in Nigeria and this emphasize the interest to develop local feedstuffs. In view of this, there is increased interest by Nigerian livestock farmers to harness unconventional feed ingredients such as neem leaf meals. Neem has been reported to contain several biologically active constituents such as azadirachtin, meliantriol, salanin, nimbin as well as nimbidin. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of long term feeding of neem leaf meal based diets on blood chemistry chinchilla rabbit does. Thirty-six clinically healthy rabbits were divided into four groups. Rabbits on group 1 served as a control whereas those on group 2, 3 & 4 were used for the determination of toxic effect of neem leaf meal on blood chemistry. Blood samples were collected to obtain serum for biochemical studies and heparinized blood for hematological investigations. The neutrophil counts of rabbits on group 2, 3 & 4 were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. Serum cholesterol and serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the treatment. The serum globulin and serum glucose concentrations of group 4 rabbits were significantly (p<0.05) lowered relative to the group 1 (control) rabbits. These results indicate that neem leaf meal based diets had visible deleterious effects on blood chemistry of chinchilla rabbit does. [Report and Opinion 2010:2(2):29-34]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.03 Keywords: rabbits; neem leaf meal; blood chemistry; phytotoxicity	Full Text
4	An Analysis of a Monopolist In a Small Open Economy Trudy Joseph College of International Business and Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China 200444 yunvi70@hotmail.com Abstract: A monopoly can be defined as a market that has only one seller but many buyers. As a sole producer of a product, a monopolist is in a position of market power. This is because there are no competitors who could compete for market share. The monopoly exists due to economies of scale, because of sole access to some resource or technology or because of the use of non-market means to eliminate competition. This could be buying out competitors, colluding with suppliers or customers to discriminate against competitors, enacting legislation to restrict competition, threatening costly law suits or even engaging in physical violence. In this paper we focus on one firm, working as a natural or pure monopolist within a small open economy. A brief overview of both the case country and the case firm is given. Choice of output and prices, price discrimination within the company, the impact of the current government subsidy for electricity and the role of the regulatory board governing utility companies in the case country will all be covered in this paper. Monopolistic tendencies within a Capitalist system, firm collusion, political influences and corporate control will also be briefly discussed. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):35-42]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.04 Key words: Monopoly; Price Discrimination; Government Regulation; Capitalist System	Full Text
5	Generating the Peano axioms from two principles and one undefined term — Hilbert’s second problem Kees Beukering Dutch Mountain Research Group of non-existence, P.O. Box 3060, 2301 DB Leiden, Holland Kees@beukering.nl Abstract: The aim of this paper is to construct a model that only uses two principles and one undefined term from which the Peano axioms (five in total) can be derived. Plurality within the undefined term makes it possible to form new axioms from these two principles and by introducing certain substitutions the undefined term becomes multiplied into three entities. The Peano axioms arise from applying these substitutions to the two principles and the new axioms. The simplicity of the model makes it possible to take a look behind the scenery of mathematical thinking and to reveal a glimpse of its principles (foundation). [Report and Opinion. 2010;2(2):43-46]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.05 Key words: self; self-evident; image; independence; singularity	Full Text
6	Effect of drought stress on corn root growth Tayeb Saki Nejad^1, Abdolmahdi Bakhshande², Saeed Boromand Nasab³, Khoshnaz Payande¹ 1- Assistant Professor Department of Agronomy Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch 2- Professor Department of Physiology, Ramin Agriculture University 3- Professor Department of Irrigation, Shahid Chamran University ^Corresponding Arthur: Tayebsaki1350@yahoo.com Abstract: Research in Islamic Azad University research farm in southwest and 3 kilometers away the city of Ahwaz with an average rainfall of 256 mm was performed. A split plot design experiment in randomized complete block design (treatments main plot: different amounts of irrigation (I) and sub-plots: plant growth phases(S)) was performed with four replications. Drought conditions, important parameters such as root length, number, weight and root volume, decreased if mild water stress to some extent in root length was increased, but severe water stress conditions root length was significantly reduced, but treatment mild water stress during root 16.7 cm g soil to control increased weight, root length and number of roots unlike the mild stress can be increased to some extent, by applying the smallest levels of water stress, decreased in severe water stress treatments 17.7 grams per plant almost half the root weight without stress treatment was water, full size dependence root growth components such as the number and weight of roots decreased in the past two components of stress, volume Root also decreasing trend has provided four tests mean Duncan will provide that treatment (control) and treated with 151cc highest volume I₃ with severe water stress 81cc scaled lowest water cylinder size showed. The ratio of root to shoot in different levels of water stress decreased shoot and root weight decreased, but both decreasing trend in shoot weight of so much more stress the process of root weight was reduced. Comparing two-phase vegetative and reproductive growth period (respectively S₁ and S₂) of root weight reduction process at different levels of water stress, it was clear that root weight decreasing trend in the treatment of stress treatment, S₂ very more S₁ was in treatment S₂, percentage of root weight significantly decreased 47% in treatment S₁, but this value was 24%, respectively. [Report and Opinion 2010; 2(2):47-53]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.06 Keywords: corn root, drought stress, growth	Full Text
7	Toxicological Effects of Leaf Meal of Ethnomedicinal Plant -Neem-on Serum Biochemistry of Crossbred New Zealand White Typed Rabbit Bucks Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu, Martin Chukwudi Uchegbu, Ifeanyi Charles Okoli, Michael Uwaezuoke Iloeje Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Nigeria. princiano2001@yahoo.com Abstract:* Due to high cost of feeding livestock in general and rabbits in particular with conventional feed ingredients in Nigeria. Research efforts are now geared towards identifying and exploiting novel feed ingredients which are not in strict competition with man's dietary need. This novel feed ingredient includes leaf meals of ethnomedicinal plants such as neem. Although neem leaf meal may have performed well as a nutrient source not much has been reported on its effect on serum biochemistry of crossbred New Zealand white typed rabbit bucks. Therefore the present study investigated the hazardous effects of neem leaf meal on serum biochemical characteristics of crossbred New Zealand white typed rabbit bucks. Rabbits with mean body weights of 1644.43gm were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (T₁, T₂, T₃and T₄) on weight basis and fed neem leaf meal at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectively in a completely randomized design experiment. Serum globulin values of bucks on T₂ and T₃ groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the T₄bucks. The serum sodium levels of bucks on T₂and T₄ groups were significantly (p<0.05) different from the bucks on control group. The T₃and T₄ bucks had significantly (p<0.05) elevated serum urea value compared to bucks on T₁ and T₂groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase values of bucks on T₂ and T₃ groups were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the treatment. The serum cholesterol and serum glucose levels of were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by treatment. All the other parameters were similar (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. It is therefore concluded that neem leaf meal based diets had severe depressive effects on serum cholesterol and serum glucose synthesis. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):54-57]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.07 Keywords: rabbit bucks; neem leaf meal; serum biochemistry; phytotoxicity	Full Text
8	Indigenous uses of plant species in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India J.K. Tiwari¹, L.R. Dangwal², C.S. Rana³, P. Tiwari¹ and Radha Ballabha¹ 1. Department of Botany, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India 2. Dept. of Botany, Garhwal University Campus, Badshahi Thaul, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India 3. Herbal Research Development Institute, Gopeshwar, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India Authors E-mail: jktiwari31@rediffmail.com, ptiwari29@rediffmail.com, radhekuniyal.2007@rediffmail.com Abstract: The present study has been carried out in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India, to document the ethnobotanical uses of plants. A total of 41 species belonging to 40 genera and 26 families have been reported. Plant species commonly used by local people for food, fodder, medicine and in other fields of their lives are enumerated. A list of plant species along with their local names, plant part(s) used and mode of application has been given. The findings can be utilized in the future for technological advancement, economic prosperity and providing employment opportunity to the local people. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):58-61]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.08 Key Words: Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, plant species, ethnobotany	Full Text
9	LEAD TOXICITY IN BULL Mona S. Zaki⁽¹⁾;Nabila El Batrawy⁽²⁾ Olfat M. Fawzi⁽³⁾ andNagwa S. Ataa⁽⁴⁾ ⁽¹⁾Dept. of Hydrobiology, N.R.C. ⁽²⁾ Dep. of microbiology, Animal Reproduction Research Inst. ⁽³⁾Dept. of Biochemistry, N.R.C. ⁽⁴⁾Department of microbiology, N.R.C olfatdarwish@yahoo.com Abstract: The problem of lead toxicity originated in a private farm in El- Katta “Giza governorate”, due to ingestion of plant polluted with lead. About 8 out of 50 bull animals showed lead toxicity. The animal’s age was 6 months. The animals suffered from depression, pressing head against objects, dilatation of eye pupils, total blindness (in 2 cases) with normal light reflex in both eyes, edema in briskets, enteritis with bloody diarrhea and pupil dilation. Also there were lacrimation, pale dirty mucous membrane and sunken eyes. Serum analysis from these animals revealed high lead concentration. In addition too, significant decrease in the levels of testosterone, LH, FSH. PCV, haemoglobin, R.B.C.s and total proteins were also decreased. Highly degeneration of kidney, and liver accompanied with elevation of AST, ALT, Urea, creatinine, cortisol, sodium, and potassium. Moreover, Sterptococcus sp., S. epidermidis and S. Aeruginosa were isolated. We conclude that the cause of animals morbidity and mortality in this farm was not due to bacterial infections but due to lead toxicity and we can say that polluted environment, especially with lead, can cause severe harm to animal health, in addition to serious danger on human health, by eating food polluted with lead. [Report and Opinion. 2010;2(2):62-66]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.09 Keywords: Lead toxicity in bull, environmental pollution, biochemical and microbial changes	Full Text
10	Indigenous uses of plant species in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India J.K. Tiwari¹, L.R. Dangwal², C.S. Rana³, P. Tiwari¹ and Radha Ballabha¹ 4. Department of Botany, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India 5. Dept. of Botany, Garhwal University Campus, Badshahi Thaul, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India 6. Herbal Research Development Institute, Gopeshwar, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India Authors E-mail: jktiwari31@rediffmail.com, ptiwari29@rediffmail.com, radhekuniyal.2007@rediffmail.com, Abstract: The present study has been carried out in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India, to document the ethnobotanical uses of plants. A total of 41 species belonging to 40 genera and 26 families have been reported. Plant species commonly used by local people for food, fodder, medicine and in other fields of their lives are enumerated. A list of plant species along with their local names, plant part(s) used and mode of application has been given. The findings can be utilized in the future for technological advancement, economic prosperity and providing employment opportunity to the local people. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):67-70]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.10 Key Words: Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, plant species, ethnobotany	Full Text
11	Generating the Peano axioms from two principles and one undefined term — Hilbert’s second problem Kees Beukering Dutch Mountain Research Group of non-existence, P.O. Box 3060, 2301 DB Leiden, Holland Kees@beukering.nl Abstract: The aim of this paper is to construct a model that only uses two principles and one undefined term from which the Peano axioms (five in total) can be derived. The simplicity of the model makes it possible to take a look behind the scenery of mathematical thinking and to reveal a glimpse of its principles (foundation). [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):71-74]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.11 Key words: self; self-evident; image; independence; singularit	Full Text
12	Relationship of Motivation and the performance of employees Muhammad Shoaib Farooq¹, Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid (PHD)², Prof. Raza Khan³, and Sir Usman Rafique⁴ Institute of Business and Management (IB&M), University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Pakistan sshoaibfarooq2@yahoo.com Abstract: Motivation is the basic energizing force which helps an organization for achieving the goals. There are two types of motivation. First one is the internal and second one is external. We will focus on motivation of employees. Some employees are motivated by high salary, some are motivated by status. Our agenda is to focus on the motivation of employees in relation to their performance. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):75-76]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.12 Key Words: Employee motivation; motivation; employee performance	Full Text
13	Advanced theory on Dust grain orbiting the sun Manjunath. R. (Reader in physics) #16, 8^th Main road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010, Karnataka, India manjunathr1988@yahoo.in Abstract: The new mathematical model allows to calculate Poynting–Robertson force . It is shown that the equation for the calculation of Poynting–Robertson force accounts for the force exerted by incoming solar radiation, gravitational radius of sun and dust grain's orbital radius.The equation *FPR = F (Rg /2R )^1/2 (FPR = Poynting–Robertson force, F= Force exerted by solar radiation, Rg= gravitational radius of sun, C is the speed of light in vaccum, R is the dust grain's orbital radius ) was developed based on the Newton gravitational concepts, classical mechanical concepts and basic concepts of physics. The calculation of wavelength of incoming solar radiation accounts the dust grain's orbital radius and dust grain’s radius. The energy flux of incoming solar radiation, momentum of solar radiation, sun’s radius and dust grain's orbital radius are brought together in one frame of reference. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(2):77-83]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). doi:10.7537/marsroj020210.13 Key words :** Poynting–Robertson force, Solar radiation, wavelength, speed of light, Energy flux	Full Text