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Science Journal

 

Report and Opinion

Volume 2 - Issue 8, Cumulated 14, August 25, 2010, ISSN 1553-9873

 

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CONTENTS

 No.

Titles / Authors

Full Text

 No.

1

Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from kantong, a condiment produced from the fermentation of kapok (Ceiba pentandra) seeds and cassava (Manihot esculentum) flour

 

Elmer Nayra Kpikpi a, b, Richard L. K. Glover a, Victoria Pearl Dzogbefia b, Dennis Sandris Nielsen cMogens Jakobsen c.

a Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UDS P.O. Box 1350 Tamale N/R, Ghana

b Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

c Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Centre for Advanced Food Studies (LMC), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

elmer_kpikpi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Kantong, a traditional food condiment of the people of Northern Ghana, is produced by fermentation of Ceiba pentandra seeds and cassava flour. Knowledge of the microbiology of the fermentation process will be useful in its technological improvement and starter culture development. There was a drop in the initial pH from 6.9 before fermentation to 4.9 after fermentation with change in color of the product from grayish to dark brown as well as the development of a more desirable flavor. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with counts between 106 and 109 cfu/g were isolated on MRS agar and subjected to Gram, catalase and oxidase tests. The LAB were further identified by biochemical and genotypic methods using rep-PCR, (GTG)5 primer, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and carbohydrate assimilation profiling. A total of 331 Lactic acid bacteria were isolated of which 47% were Lactobacillus plantarum, 18% Lactobacillus fermentum, 8% Leuconostoc mesenteroides, 12% Pediococcus acidilactici and 15% as Lactobacillus brevis. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):1-7]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.01

 

Key words: fermentation; condiment; lactic acid bacteria; Ceiba pentandra

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2

Retanning Agents for Chrome Tanned Leather based on Nano-Emulsion of Styrene/Butyl Acrylate Copolymers

 

EL-Shahat H.A. Nashy (a)*, Ahmed I. Hussein (b) and Mohamed M. Essa (b) 

 

Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technolog(a), Polymers and Pigments(b) Departments, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt

E mail: Ismaelahmed1@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Retanning process is one step of wet-finishing operations and is very important operation which overcomes the disadvantages of chrome tan. For this purpose two different nano-emulsions of styrene/acrylate copolymers have been prepared to be used as retanning agents. The main difference and characters of the two nano - copolymers were studied. The particle size of the two prepared co-polymers was proved by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The influence of the two prepared copolymers on chrome tanned leather as retanning agents was also studied. The properties of the retanned leather, namely, tensile strength and elongation at break were measured. Thermal stability and texture of grain surface and fibers were examined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. All these parameters were the main target of this work and used to evaluate the applicability of copolymers as efficient ratannang agents. The retanned leather was achieved with an improvement of mechanical properties, enhancement of thermal stability, uniform dyestuff, softness and firmness grain. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):8-15]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.02

 

Key words: Retanning agent, Chrome tanned leather, Nano-particles, Copolymers, Emulsion, Scanning electron microscope, Thermal stability, transmission electron microscope, Mechanical properties, Color difference

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3

Performance Characteristics and Haematology of Laying Birds fed Safzyme® Supplemented Soybean Hull Diet

 

Babington Onyemachi Esonu1, Oscar, Okechukwu Michael Iheshiulor2, Okwunna, K. Chukwuka1, Apeh Akwu Omede1*, Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu1

 

1Department of Animal Science & Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Imo State, Nigeria.

2Department of Animal Science, P.O.Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands.

 *corresponding author: jabulaniapeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A twelve- week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Safzyme® supplementation on performance characteristics and haematology of laying birds fed soybean hull diets. Three experimental layer diets were formulated incorporating soybean hull meal at 0% (without Safzyme® supplementation), 30% (without Safzyme® supplementation) and 30% (with Safzyme® supplementation). Thirty six Harco layers, 5 months into lay were divided into three treatment groups and randomly assigned to three treatment diets in a completely randomized design. Data were collected on feed intake, body weight gain, hen-day production, egg size and weight, internal indices of eggs, internal organ characteristics and haematological indices. Results from performance studies revealed that supplementing soybean hull diet with/without Safzyme® significantly (P<0.05) affected performance, egg quality indices, carcass characteristics and haematology compared to the control. Also, hens fed soybean hull diet with/ without Safzyme® supplementation had increased weight of gizzard and increased feed intake (P<0.05). The results of this trial suggest that 30% dietary level of soybean hull meal with/without Safzyme® supplementation could be used in laying birds diets without any deleterious effects on birds. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):16-21]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.03

 

Keywords: soybean hull meal, safzyme®, nutritive value, laying birds

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4

Performance of Finisher Broilers fed varying levels of raw (sun-dried) Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Corm Meals

 

Uchegbu, M. C., Omede, A.A., Chiedozie, J. C., Nwaodu, C. H. and Ezeokeke, C.T.

 

Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1256, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

*corresponding author- jabulaniapeh@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A 35-day study was carried out using one hundred and twenty (120) four-week-old marshal broiler strain birds to determine their performance when fed varying levels of raw sundried cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) corm meals. Four broiler finisher diets were compounded to contain 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% levels of the cocoyam meal for T1, T3, T3 and T4 respectively. The birds were randomly divided into four groups of thirty (30) birds each and each group subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The result showed that the birds on 0%, 5% and 15% based diets had similar (p>0.05) body weight gains or 10% cocoyam corm meal. There is a general increasing trend in the average daily feed intake as the level of cocoyam meal inclusion increased up to 15%. The birds on 15% cocoyam corm meal had a significantly (p<0.05) higher feed intake (130.17 g/bird) than the feed intake (120.39 g/bird) of the control. That is to say, at 15% cocoyam corm meal level, the antinutritional contents were not high enough as to depress feed intake in finisher broilers. The various diets T1, to T4 were well utilized by the various groups of birds going by the general low feed conversion ratio values which ranged from 2.20 to 2.51. However, the lowest cost of feed per kg broiler was achieved with T3 (10% cocoyam meal), producing at N93.87 per kg weight gain. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):22-25]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.04

 

Key words: Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), corm meal, Finisher broilers, Performance

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5

Agriculture Share of the Gross Domestic Product and its Implications for Rural Development

 

Anyanwu Sixtus O1*, Ibekwe U.C.2, Adesope Olufemi M3.

 

1. Department of Agricultural Economics, Rivers State University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2. Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria

3. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

sixtusanyanwu@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: The study considered the relationship between Gross Domestic Product and output of major stapled food crops of Nigeria between 1990 and 2001. Data used were collected from various issues of Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, Annual Reports and Bureau of Statistics. Using correlation matrix, the result showed that there is a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between GDP and these food crops except for wheat. Policies should therefore be put in place by the appropriate authorities geared towards providing production incentives to the rural farmers to enable them produce more of these stapled food crops that have significant impact on the GDP of Nigeria. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):26-31]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.05

 

Key words: Gross Domestic Product; Rural Development

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6

Determinants of income among farm households in Orlu Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria

 

IBEKWE, U.C

Department of Agricultural Economics

Federal University of Technology, pmb 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

omadesope@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: Worsening income distribution with economic growth is evident in Nigeria. To provide an environment that will stimulate growth and also ensure an equitable income distribution needs a careful study of income determinants that will be used in carefully tailored policies. This study determined an average farm household income of N60,197.81 per annum and a per capita income of N7,524.73. also, a Gini-coefficient of 0.488 was determined. The income regression parameter estimates showed that the variables, extension services property income and farm size were positively correlated with farm household income and were also significant at five percent. The variables income from pension, hours spent on farm income from handicraft education of household head, income transfers and age of household head were positively correlated with farm household income but not statistically significant at five percent. The hypothesis of no significant difference in the contributions of the determinants of farm household income was tested and rejected at five percent level. It is suggested that a careful integration of these income determinants in rural development policies will no doubt improve the farm households purchasing power as well as the income distribution in the study area. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):32-35]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.06

 

Key words: Income, Farm Household

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7

Management of Job-Related Teacher Burnout in Nigerian Schools

 

Lekia Nwikina1, Anthonia Nwanekezi2

1. Department of Educational Management, University of Port Harcourt

2. Department of Curriculum Studies, University of Port Harcourt

omadesope@yahoo.co.uk

 

Abstract: The paper helps teachers in Nigerian schools manage burnout, an emotional exhaustion from excessive demands on their energy, strength, and resources. It helps them, to understand the burnout syndrome, the causes, symptoms, prevention and remedies. It emphasizes that burnout is experienced by many Nigerian school teachers and that it need not be a silent disease. It recommends that further research is necessary to document its incidence upon the teacher’s physical condition and the student’s education. Exposing its causes, symptoms, and types of prevention is vital if it is to be eliminated among teachers. It recommends also that management should hold regular meetings that can be used for staff support; should foster a sense of teamwork among the staff; restructure jobs so that teachers do not unduely spend as much time with particularly demanding students and assignments. Workshops in stress management or time management should be mounted regularly. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):36-43]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.07

 

Key words: Job-Related Teacher Burnout, Nigerian Schools

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8

Micropropagation Of Prosopis Cineraria (L.) Druce – A Multipurpose Desert Tree

 

Surender Kumar And Narender Singh

 

Department Of Botany, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra (India)

E.mail- suren_kr@yahoo.co.in

 

 

ABSTRACT: A protocol has been developed for micropropagation of a multipurpose desert tree species Prosopis cineraria under in vitro conditions. Nodal explants from mature plant of Prosopis cineraria were taken and cultured after surface sterilization. One to multiple shoots were induced on Murashige and Skoog,s(1962) medium supplemented with various cytokinins and auxins individually and in various combinations. 5.0 mg/l BAP and Kinetin were found to be effective individually. 5.0mg/l BAP +1.0mg/l IAA responded batter than all other media combinations. Rooting of in vitro regenerated shoots(>2.5cm long) was achieved on half strength MS medium supplemented with 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l IBA. In vitro regenerated plantlets were transferred in pots containing sterilized sand and vermiculites(1:1).After four weeks plantlets were acclimatized to field conditions successfully with 60% survival rate. The survived plants grew normally. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):44-47]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.08

 

Key words- Micropropagation, Nodal explants, Prosopis cineraria, Axillary shoots

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9

Farmers’ Sustained Adoption Decision Behaviors of Maize/Cassava Intercrop Technology in Imo State: Lessons for Extension Policy Development

 

F.N. Nnadi1and C.D. Nnadi2

1Dept. of Agric. Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri

2Dept. of Agric. Economics and Rural Sociology, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State.

Correspondence: dr_charleso@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Various variables influence farmers’ sustained adoption decision behaviors. Thus the rate of sustained adoption of maize/cassava intercrop technology, reasons for the sustenance and the determinants were empirically investigated in Orlu zone of Imo State with a view to drawing lessons for extension policy development. Data were collected from 115 randomly selected crop farmers using structured questionnaire. These were analyzed with percentage counts, frequency tables and logit regression model at 0.05 level of significance. The farmers’ sustained the adoption of the technology by 88.7% with reasons ranging from environmental friendliness to full utilization/maximization of agricultural land. The farmers’ age, family size, education, farming experience, social organization membership, farm size, and annual farm income as well as number of technological information sources used determined their sustained adoption decision behaviors. It was recommended that extension education sensitization campaign be intensified using multi-media as well as extension intervention strategies being guided by the socio – economic attributes of the farmers. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):48-53]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.09

 

Keywords: farmer; maize; cassava; intercrop technology

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10

Application of some medicinalPlants to eliminate Trichodina sp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

 

Ahmed I.E. Noor El Deen* and Razin, A.Mohamed.**

*Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre

**Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department (MAP),National Research Centre

dr_ahmednoor2002@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Medicinal plants are important elements of traditional medicine in virtually all cultures and product promise a cheaper source for therapeutics, greater accuracy than chemotherapeutic agents and a viable solution for all problems which groupers culture faces today. The control of Trichodinaiasis and Aeromonus hydrophila in ponds of stocked tilapia with any antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent at present is evidently a cost. In addition, possibly leaves toxic residues in tilapia and mortality. Also, affect for a short times. For the previous reasons, the medicinal plants instead. Garlic (Allium sativum) and Artemisia vulgaris as optional medicinal plants to treat fish Trichodina sp and Aeromonas hydrophila. 350 Tilapia O.niloticus (average weight 100 ±20 g) derived from a private fish farm in Kafr El Sheikh governorate infested with Trichodina sp, were kept in cement ponds (3×8 metre) and sex diets were formulated to contain different levels of Allium sativum extract (1, 4 and 8 g/kg diet) and Artemisia vulgaris extract (1, 3, and 4.5g/kg diet) added. The results showed that crude extracts of either garlic or Artemisia vulgaris at 800 mg/l significantly (P < 0.05) eliminated Trichodina sp and Aeromonas hydrophila infections in tilapia garlic and Artemisia vulgaris will be used as an alternatives to chemicals to treat of infected tilapia with Trichodina and Aeromonus sp. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):54-59]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.10

 

Key words: Trichodina sp, Aeromonas hydrophila, tilapia, medicinal plant, garlic, Artemisia vulgaris

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11

A Study on Fish pathogenic fungi and its periodicity in Tunga river of Karnataka (South India)

 

 

Prasad Devi and Rajanaika

 

Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Applied Botany, School of Biological Science, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Shimoga Dist, Karnataka State, India

prasad.bhujanga@gmail.com, rajump.nayak@gmail.com

 

Abstract: A riverine ecosystem consists of a wide range of diversified flora and fauna. The microflora in the riverine ecosystem is dominated by Algae, Bacteria and fungi. Fungi in the riverine ecosystem play an important role, they vitally link the food web primarily as saprophytes and secondarily as pathogens. Tunga river ecosystem consists a diversified flora of aquatic phycomycetes, in which majority of them are Chytrids and Oomycetes. These fungi are zoosporic in nature and some of them mainly predate on Ichthyofauna and other riverine fauna. Aquatic phycomycetes are the primitive fungi and they are at the bottom of evolutionary series and they have their significance as pathogens, combating them in the riverine ecosystem has become a mammoth’s task. During monsoon and winter the fisher mans face severe loss in fish productivity majority of them are due to fungal infections on fishes and on their eggs. Tunga river traverse a distance of 147 Km in Shimoga where the major fishing points are located in the right bank of some important Taluks viz., Thirthahalli, Mandagadde, Gajanur and Shimoga. In monsoon, these fishing docks face a considerable decline in Fish catch. Hence, sustainability and economical criteria of fish production in Tunga river adverse the fisher mans lively hood. In this scenario a detailed investigation was undertaken to identify the occurrence, periodicity and disease incidence of the phycomycetes fungi in the riverine ecosystem. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):60-63]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.11

 

Key words: Aquatic phycomycetes, Fish pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, Fish mycosis

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EFFECT OF BURNING ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN THE DRY SUB-HUMID SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA

 

 

 S. A. Pantami1, N. Voncir2 and G. A. Babaji2

 

1Department of Soil Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

2Crop Production Programme Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.

 E-mail: salihupantami@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: A study was carried out to assess the effects of burning on the physical properties of soil on soils obtained from within the dry sub-humid savanna agro-ecological zone of northern Nigeria. Surface (0-15cm) composite soil samples were collected from selected locations comprising Bauchi, Gombe and Kano states from un-burnt, lightly burnt and intensely burnt sites in farmers’ farms during land preparation of the 2007/2008 cropping season. The samples were obtained from both upland and lowland areas and analysed in the laboratory to assess the effect of burning on the soil’s physical properties. The collected data were analysed using the SAS statistical software to test for significant differences at 5% level of significance. Where significant differences were found, the means were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). Results of the laboratory analysis revealed that the soils within the study area are sandy loam in texture, and burning has no significant effect on the particle size distribution. Bulk density and water holding capacity were seen to be significantly affected as a result of burning. Bulk density increased from a mean value of 1.35gcm-1 to 1.53gcm-1 as a result of zero-burning and intense burning respectively within the lowland areas and from 1.4135gcm-1 to 1.5635gcm-1 for the same treatments within the upland areas. The water holding capacity was observed to reduce from a mean value of 37.47% to 35.90% within the lowland areas while within the upland areas the reduction was from a mean value of 35.44% to 28.85% also for similar treatments. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):64-70]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.12

 

Keywords: burning; soil; agro-ecological zone; Nigeria

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Role of Fulvic Acid on Reduction of Cadmium Toxicity on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

 

Ahmed E. Noor EL Deen, Mona S.Zaki and Hussan A. Osman

Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

 

dr_ahmednoor2002@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal, enters the environment from natural sources and as a result of mans activity. Tilapias have the capability of concentrating metals by feeding and metabolic processes, which can lead to accumulation of high concentrations of metals in their tissues. The reduction of toxic elements like cadmium in aquatic environments is needed by any acceptable method. The effect of fulvic acid (FA) on cadmium (Cd) toxicity and the impact on fish immunological, hematological changes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromius niloticus) were studied. The fish (100±10 g) were exposed to 10 ppm Cd alone or with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 ppm for 15 and 45 days. Cd exposure reduced significantly (P<0.04) such as erythrocyte count (RBCs), haemoglobin content (Hb), haematocrit value (Hct), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration. These parameters were improved when FA was applied with Cd. The values of RBCs, Hb, Hct, MCH and MCHC were increased significantly to be as in the control fish group. Addition of FA to Cd contaminated medium considerably reduced metal absorption and accumulation in fish tissues, while it was increased metals in water and feces. The present study, is recommended that an optimum dosage of 0.3 g fulvic acid /l can effectively chelate Cd from contaminated fish and water. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):71-76]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.13

 

Keywords: Nile tilapia, Cadmium, immunological, fulvic acid, hematology, liver, gills, musculature

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Green tea extract Role in removing the Trichodina sp. on Oreochromis niloticus fry in the Egyptian fish hatcheries

 

Ahmed Ismail Elsayed. Noor El- Deen

Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

dr_ahmednoor2002@yahoo.com

 

Abstract: Trichodina sp. are the most common ciliates parasite present on the skin of pond-reared fish. The green tea extract (GTE) can be economical valuable and effective to remove the ectoparasitic ciliate Trichodina sp. from the skin and fins of infested Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus ) fry . Bath of infested O.niloticus fry (body weight 0.2–0.9 g) exposed to 0.05% GTE for 15 minute ( min) or 0.9% GTE for 5 min resulted in a decrease of 80 % and 95 % of the number of parasites on the skin (dorsal and anal) and fins in comparison to 70 % untreated controls (statistically significant, p < 0.01).No parasites were present on the skin surface of infested O.niloticus 24 hours after baths . Neither the long (0.05 % GTE for 15 min) or short bath treatment (0.9% GTE for 5 min). No mortality was observed in the normal fry. Large-scale application of the treatments with GTE (60,000 O.niloticus fry, 0.2–0.4 g) infested with the parasite in hatchery showed significant decreases of 80 % or 95 %, 0.05 % GTE for 15 min or 0.9 % GTE for 5 min respectively. Cumulative mortalities for 48 h after the treatments were 0.08–0.15 %. The 5 min bath with 0.9% GTE was more efficient than the 15 min bath with 0.05% GTE, as estimated from the results at ponds. This study concluded that GTE treatment of infested fry of O. niloticus is economic, safe, effective, and applicable to treatment of large numbers of fish in hatchery. [Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):77-81]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.14

 

Key words: Nile tilapia, Green tea extract ;hatchery ; Trichodina sp; O.niloticus; fry

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 15

Plasmid Profile and Protease Activity of β-Lactams Resistant Thermotolerant Soil Isolate

B. cereus BC2 from the Bacillus cereus Group Species

 

Abdel-Shakour E.H.1* and Roushdy M.M.2

 

1,2. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

*essam_hussain@hotmail.com

 

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to isolate and investigate one of the most common genera of Gram positive spore forming bacteria, genus Bacillus. Bacillus cereus BC2 was grown well on nutrient agar plates (pH 8) after 24 hrs of incubation at 55oC. This isolate was characterized by producing extracellular protease which showed activity at 55°C both in vivo & in vitro. The optimum enzyme production was at pH 8, incubation temperature 55°C, and NaCl concentration of 5% (w/v) where the highest protein concentration and the highest enzyme activity were recorded. The activity of the partially purified enzyme reached to 160.00 UmL-1 with about 3.10 mg mL-1 protein concentration recorded. The isolate Bacillus cereus BC2 was resistant to the β-Lactam antibiotics tested including ampicillin. Finally, plasmid DNA extraction from the isolate under study and visualization through agarose gel electrophoresis showed the absence of any free plasmid molecules within the vegetative cells of this isolate.

[Abdel-Shakour E.H. and Roushdy M.M. Plasmid Profile and Protease Activity of β-Lactams Resistant Thermotolerant Soil Isolate B. cereus BC2 from the Bacillus cereus Group Species. Report and Opinion 2010;2(8):82-94]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).

doi:10.7537/marsroj020810.15

 

Keywords: Plasmid; Protease; Antibiotic Resistant; Thermotolerant; Bacillus cereus

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