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Efficacy of antimicrobial effect of Venonia amygdalina and Tridax procumbens in vitro control of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) post harvest fruit rot

^1*Ijato James Yeni, ²ijadunola John Ademola And Aladejimokun Adeniran Olusanya

¹Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science. University of Ado –Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

²Federal College of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.

³Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

E-mail: jamesyeni@yahoo.com; GSM: 08067335124

Abstract: The antimicrobial effects of extracts of Venonia amygdalina and Tridax procumbens were determined on rot causing fungi. In the present study, the pathogenic fungi isolated from the infected tomato fruit parts and identified based on morphological and cultural characters were: Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidium. Two different extractive solvents (water and ethanol) were used; aqueous concentrations of 80 and 60% as well as ethanol concentration of 30 and 20% were used in this study. All the plant extracts, both aqueous and ethanol showed significant reduction of mycelia growth of isolated pathogens. In aqueous extract, 80% of both Venonia amygdalina and Tridax procumbens had high inhibitory effect of 49.20% against Geotrichum candidium and 53.30% against Aspergillus niger respectively than 60% aqueous concentration of the test plant extracts, while in ethanolic extract, 30% ethanol extract of Venonia amygdalina and Tridax procumbens inhibited up to 65.20 and72.20% against Fusarium oxysporum respectively more than 20% ethanolic extracts. Higher concentration of both aqueous and ethanol favoured higher mycelia growth reduction. Plant extracts are accessible for controlling phyto diseases, non hazardous, eco-friendly, low cost and non-pollutant.

[Ijato James Yeni, ijadunola John Ademola And Aladejimokun Adeniran Olusanya. Efficacy of antimicrobial effect of Venonia amygdalina and Tridax procumbens in vitro control of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) post harvest fruit rot. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):1-5]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.01

Key word: Venonia amygdalina, tomato fruit rot, Tridax procumbens and biological control

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Periodic Discharge of Eggs of Ascaridia galli in Faeces of Experimentally Infected Native Domestic Fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus)

J.N.N. Onyirioha, Ph.D

 Dept. of Biology Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State

nwachukwucu2005@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT: While our native poultry may look apparently healthy, they are subjects to infections with helminthes of various classes including intestinal worms, of which Ascaridia galli is most frequent parasite. Production can be limited by inadequate information on the sources of worm infestation and measure to minimize the disseminations. An investigation was therefore carried out on the daily periodic discharge of eggs of A. galli in faeces of host over 72hours. It was observed that the ascarids discharged of eggs in the faeces of host was in numbers that vary with different hours of the day, irrespective of the type of faeces, that is, solid or watery faeces, 70% of the egg production assumed to had occurred during the day time in active feeding period. Measures have been put in place to control worm infestation among poultry birds, but in the poultry birds here it is being advocated by the present findings that the chickens’ droppings be promptly removed (9.00am and 6.00am) so as to avoid contamination of poultry feeds with faeces of high concentration of eggs of A. galli.

[J. N. N. Onyirioha. Periodic Discharge of Eggs of Ascaridia galli in Faeces of Experimentally Infected Native Domestic Fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus). Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):6-7]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.02

Keywords: Eggs, Ascaridia galli, poultry feeding, period

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Studies on Pathogens Causing Low Hatchability in Eggs and the Effect of Lactobacillus Acidophilus on Controlling of Salmonella Typhimurium and Proteus.

Fyrouz A. M.¹; Hassan Eman R.² and Rabiee Nagwa S.*²

 ¹ Department of Parasytology and Animal Disease, National Research center, Dokki Giza, Egypt

²Department of poultry disease, National Research center, Dokki Giza, Egypt

nagwasrabie@hotmail.com^*

Abstract: Trials of isolation of different bacterial strains were done on 1025 samples taken from dead in shell embryos constituting 7 kinds of chicken breeds (Matroh, Dandarawy Fayoumi, Dokki, 4, G. Montaza, Hawarra, and Mandara). Infertile eggs and hatcheries (Dust, waters fluffs sampls also 90 blood samples were collected from 3 kinds of chicken breeds (Fayoumi, Matroh, and Dokki 4), for measuring specific antibody to M. gallisepticum (M.G.) by Enzyme linked immune sorbet assay (ELISA). The most predominant bacteria isolated were Pr.mirabillis and S. typhimurium using of Lactobacillus acidophilus in controlling of Proteus Mirabilis and S. typhimurium infection in one day old chicks was studied, the treatment was under taken at different doses routes of inoculation and course to infected chicks. The criteria used for judgment of therapeutic effect were bacterial reisolation from internal organs of dead chicks and rate of mortalities. Orally administration of lactobacillus acidophilus (0.5ml of 3x10⁸ cfu/ml) with S.typhimurium and lactobacillus acidophilus with Pr.mirabillis (0.5 ml of 1x10⁶ CFU/ml), for two successive days gave the best results with low mortality rates than subcutaneous inoculation.

[Fyrouz A. M.; Hassan Eman R. and Rabiee Nagwa S. Studies on Pathogens Causing Low Hatchability in Eggs and the Effect of Lactobacillus Acidophilus on Controlling of Salmonella Typhimurium and Proteus. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):8-13]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.03

 Keywords: Pathogens; Hatchability; Egg; Lactobacillus Acidophilus; Salmonella Typhimurium; Proteus; subcutaneous inoculation; Enzyme linked immune sorbet assay (ELISA)

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Immunopathologic study of fixed drug eruption

Iman Abd El Fattah Seleit, Mohamed Ahmed Basha, Nansy Youssef Asaad , Ola Ahmed Amin

 Department of Dermatology and Andrology* and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Menoufiya University, drola_2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common drug induced dermatosis that can be caused by a variety of drugs. Although effector and regulatory T cells play a role in progression and resolution of FDE, little in vivo data exist regarding T cell dynamics in its pathogenesis. Objectives: To through light on the immunopathogenesis of FDE through studying the participation of CD8+, CD4+ T cells and HLA-DR antigen in the pathogenesis of lesions. The role of serum Ca was studied. Patients and methods: Thirty skin biopsy specimens from FDE skin lesions were used (16 active lesions& 14 healed lesions). Thirty biopsy specimens from thirty age and sex matched healthy subjects were used as a control group. Histopathological examination of hematoxylin& eosin-stained sections included analysis and scoring of histopathological parameters was done. Expression of CD4, CD8 and HLA-DR antigens was examined immunohistochemically. Blood samples were collected from patients and control subjects for assesment of serum calcium. Results: Active lesions showed interface dermatitis and dermal inflammatory infiltrate. Positive immunostaining was observed in both epidermis and dermis for HLA-DR, CD4 and CD8 antigens. Healed lesions showed epidermal atrophy and dermal inflammatory infiltrate. Positive immunostaining was observed in both epidermis and dermis for HLA-DR, CD4 and CD8 antigens. Such results were absent in control sections. Both total and ionized Ca2+ were significantly lower in patients than control subjects. Conclusions: Activation of T cells residing in resting FDE lesions by ingestion of the causative drug results in epidermal injury possibly through the production of IFN-γ.

[Iman Abd El Fattah Seleit, Mohamed Ahmed Basha, Nansy Youssef Asaad, Ola Ahmed Amin. Immunopathologic study of fixed drug eruption. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):14-23]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net. 

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.04

Keywords: FDE, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, IFN-γ

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Effect of Device Scaling for Low Power Environment

Vijay Kumar Sharma

Department of Electronics & Communication, College of Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, U.P. (India), vijay.buland@gmail.com

Abstract: MOS ICs have met the world’s growing needs for electronic devices for computing, communication, entertainment, automotive, and other applications with steady improvements in cost, speed, and power consumption. Such steady improvements in turn stimulate and enable new applications and fuel the growth of IC sales. Microelectronics has grown tremendously in the past three decades because of the consistent scaling of CMOS technology. This reduction in size has enabled very dense transistors chips that have improved speed, functionality, and power compared to their predecessors. To achieve an optimal design, tradeoff exists between power and performance at each stage of the design. Therefore the designer must understand the sources of power consumption and make these tradeoffs.

[Vijay Kumar Sharma. Effect of Device Scaling for Low Power Environment. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):24-30]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.05

Keywords: Scaling, Leakage, low Power, MOS

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Assessments of the volume and disposal methods of spent engine oil generated in Nekede mechanic village, Owerri, Nigeria

 Angela C. Udebuani¹, Chidiogo G. Okoli², Ifeanyi C. Okoli³, Harriet C. Nwigwe¹ and Patrick T. E. Ozoh¹

¹Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology PMB 1526 Owerri, Nigeria

²Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology PMB 1526 Owerri, Nigeria

³Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology PMB 1526 Owerri, Nigeria

E-mail: dr_charleso@yahoo.com

Abstract: Studies were carried out to investigate the volume and disposal methods of spent automobile engine oil generated at Nekede Mechanic Village in Owerri, Imo State Nigeria, between February and June 2008, in order to establish the presence pollution problem as result of inappropriate disposal of spent engine oil in the study area. The study utilized structured questionnaire, personal interviews and field observations generate relevant data on the Mechanic village. Results obtained showed that over 1.4 million liters of spent engine oil was produced annually in the village. About 60% of the mechanics disposed spent engine oil on the soil, within their immediate environment, while others used it for other purposes, such as pest control, sharpening of blades and reuse in heavy trucks among others. Another 88.3% of mechanics were ignorant of environmental impact of inappropriate spent engine oil disposal. The study concluded that there is poor spent engine oil poor disposal attitudes of among the automobile mechanics and that such a practice may lead to serious hydrocarbon pollution at the Nekede mechanic village.

[Angela C. Udebuani, Chidiogo G. Okoli, Ifeanyi C. Okoli, Harriet C. Nwigwe and Patrick T. E. Ozoh

Assessments of the volume and disposal methods of spent engine oil generated in Nekede mechanic village, Owerri, Nigeria. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):31-36]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.06

 Keywords: Engine oil, hydrocarbons, automobile, mechanics, Nigeria

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Radiological Impact Survey Of Sites Around Two Cement Producing Factories: Wapco And Purechem, Ewekoro, Southwestern, Nigeria

¹Adewole O. Olukorede, ²Ewumi T. Olubunmi

¹Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Department of Physics, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

E-mail correspondence: koredeadewole@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Soil samples were collected around WAPCO at Ewekoro and PURECHEM at Onigbedu, which are both cement producing factories in Ogun State, Nigeria. The natural radioactivity concentrations are the mean absorbed doses of ⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U and ²³²Th at various selected locations were determined. The mean radionuclides concentration of ⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U and ²³²Th were 141.6 ± 21.5, 27.5 ± 9.7 and 31.3 ± 11.1 Bq/l for WAPCO factory at selected sites. Also these values were 179.5 ± 28.3, 21.9 ± 7.6 and 31.2 ± 11.7 Bq/l respectively in the same order for PURECHEM factory at selected locations. The survey revealed that the radiation doses due to natural radio nuclides in the environment under investigation are very low and insignificant to cause any serious health problems to the people living in the area.

[Adewole O. Olukorede, Ewumi T. Olubunmi. Radiological Impact Survey Of Sites Around Two Cement Producing Factories: Wapco And Purechem, Ewekoro, Southwestern, Nigeria. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):37-41]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.07

 Key words: Radioactivity concentration, mean absorbed dose, Gamma spectrometer, Ionizing radiation

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Keywords: Air pollution index, ambient air, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll

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A Study On Using Jasmine Oil As A Breaking Bud Dormancy For Flame Seedless Grapevines

Gehan H. Sabry; Hanaa A. El-Helw and Ansam S. Abd El-Rahman 

Viticulture Dept., Hort. Res. Institute., Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt

Corresponding author: jehansabry2000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out for two successive seasons (2009&2010) in a private vineyards located at Cairo – Alexandria desert rode, 58 km from Cairo-Egypt; to study the use of Jasmine oil as a breaking bud dormancy agent for Flame Seedless grapevines. The chosen vines were 5 years old, grown in a sandy loam soil, spaced at 2x3m a part, irrigated by the drip irrigation system, canes were pruned and trellised by the Spanish Parron system. Eight treatments were applied as follows: Three concentrations of Jasmine oil at 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3% were sprayed alone or combined with 3% Dormex in addition to spraying 5% Dormex and control (untreated vines). The results showed that spraying with all Jasmine oil concentrations either solely or in combination with 3%Dormex in comparison with control improved percentage of bud burst and good yield with high bunch quality. The combination treatment of 0.2% Jasmine oil + Dormex 3% gave the best results equally to those obtained by dormex 5%, which was applied early, uniform and high percentage of bud burst and resulted in the greatest yield and its components as well as the best physical properties of bunches and berries and ensured the best vegetative growth parameters.

[Gehan H. Sabry; Hanaa A. El-Helw and Ansam S. Abd El-Rahman. A Study On Using Jasmine Oil As A Breaking Bud Dormancy For Flame Seedless Grapevines. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):48-56]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net 

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.09

Key words: Jasmine oil, Spanish Parron system, Dormex.

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District Forest Coordination Committee: A Prospective Multi-stakeholder Opportunity for Landscape Level Conservation and Development in Nepal

Deepak Bahadur Chand¹, Nabin Raj Joshi² and Bhawana Kapkoti³

1 Western Terai Landscape Complex Project (WTLCP), Nepal.

2 Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Kumaun University, Nainital, India.

 3 Govind Ballavh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Almora

chanddeepa@gmail.com, nabin2001@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper scrutinize the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat in the role of multi-stakeholder forums for Landscape Level Conservation and Development (LLCD) in Nepal, drawing on the experience of author, reviewed of study reports and SWOT analysis from three districts, in the Mid-Western and Far-Western Development Regions of Nepal. It argues that District Forest Coordination Committee has the prospective to ensure joint cooperation and coordination in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of Landscape Level Conservation and Development through transparency and trust building. Clear cut guidelines detailing roles, responsibilities and institutional set-up among the stakeholders and their effective enforcement are the keys to its success. This requires widening the scope of DFCC to encompass institutions working for various land uses that extends beyond district boundary at the landscape level for better coordination, communication and action.

[Deepak Bahadur Chand, Nabin Raj Joshi and Bhawana Kapkoti. District Forest Coordination Committee: A Prospective Multi-stakeholder Opportunity for Landscape Level Conservation and Development in Nepal. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):57-64]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net 

doi:10.7537/marsroj030211.10

Key words: Landscape level conservation and development, land use, biodiversity conservation and development criteria, district forest coordination committee

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