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In-vitro endosperm culture and seedling growth of Mallotus philippienesis. (Lam) M. Arg.

Jaya Sharma*1, Dr.Shagufta Khan3 Dr.Ranjana Varma2, Mrs. Abha Panday4.

2. Department of Botany.Sarojini Naidu Gove. Girls Post Graduate (Autonmous) Collage Shiva ji Nagar, Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh (India).

4. Department of Botany Govt.P.G. BHEL Collage Bhopal Madhya Pradesh (India)

3. Grow Tips Biotech 35/A Hazrat Nizamuddin Colony. Bhopal-462010 (M.P.) India

Department of Botany. Sarojini Naidu Gove.Girls Post Graduate (Autonmous) Collage Shiva ji Nagar, Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh (India).

E mail: qidjaya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: An efficient protocol has been developed for in-vitro seed (endosperm) germination and seedling growth of a woody multipurpose medicinal plant M. philippinesis. The explants used for the present experiment are seeds which were cultured on MS media supplemented with 3% sucrose and 10% agar with or without any growth hormone. Seeds of different age groups like 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days were taken. Best seed germination (94%) is observed in MS medium (half concentration) while maximum seedling growth were observed in the MS media without any growth hormone. The seedlings developed were further used for the multiplication of shoots from different parts, for the regeneration of plants of Mallotus phillipienesis.

[Jaya Sharma, Shagufta Khan, Ranjana Varma, Abha Panday. In-vitro endosperm culture and seedling growth of Mallotus philippienesis. (Lam) M. Arg. Report and Opinion 2011;3(11):1-6]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report

doi:10.7537/marsroj031111.01

Key words - in-vitro endosperm culture, M. phillipiensis.

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The Impact of Agricultural Reforms on the Production of planting materials: The case of improved Hevea Planting Material in rubber belt of Nigeria

D. Y. Giroh¹;  O. Aghughu²  E.O. Abolagba³ and Waizah Yakub⁴

1. Extension and Training Services Division  2. Plant Breeding Division 3. Socio-economic  Division,   4. Soils and Plant Nutrition Division, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B 1049, Benin City, Nigeria

girohydengle@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study evaluated the impact of agricultural reforms on the production of   Hevea planting material at the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria Main station Nursery Iyanomo, Benin City Edo State, a rubber growing belt of Nigeria.  Data collected in a survey using structured questionnaire was evaluated using descriptive statistics and production function analysis. Seedling production analysis revealed a total of 1,785,376 seedlings were budded with a budding success of 1,038,782 stumps with a mean yearly budding operation and budding success of 111,586 and 64,924 seedlings respectively. Females were the dominant source of labour (60.61 percent) for budding operations, the budders were educated and attained one form of formal education or the other and   84.37 percent of them are in their economically active ages with a mean age of 27 years. Cost and return analysis also revealed a gross margin and net farm income of N17,757.20 and  N7,445.61 respectively. Empirical results of the production function analysis indicated that 96.30% of the variations in the production of Hevea planting material were explained by the endogenous variables. Production had decreasing rate of returns to scale (RTS = 0.804). Labour and number of seedlings allotted for budding were significant (p>0.01).

 [D. Y. Giroh  O. Aghughu  E.O. Abolagba,  Waizah Yakub. The Impact of Agricultural Reforms on the Production of planting materials: The case of improved Hevea Planting Material in rubber belt of Nigeria. Report and Opinion 2011;3(11):7-12]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2

doi:10.7537/marsroj031111.02

 Keywords: Hevea, on- station, production function, scion, budders, small holder

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RISKS CONCERNING WORK IN BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRIES

(CASE STUDY OF MARBLE AND GRANITE MINING REGION  IN TORA)

Dr. eng Hebatalrahman, A ⁽¹⁾

Consultant in materials sciences & materials applications, Egypt⁽¹⁾

hebatalrahman11@yahoo.com; hebatalrahman@naseej.com

Abstract: The research addresses the risks related to building materials industries.  Workers are exposed to risks in construction and building sites in general. As well as the risks connected with the manufacturing of marble and granite as one of building materials industries are discussed in the current work. It is considered as one of the feeding industries in the construction sector. Marble and granite mining area in Tora (Shak Elsoban) is considered as case study in these research. The risks that workers are exposed to in the site area are studied and analyzed with focus on the effect of these risks on the economies of the industry, which in turn affect the building materials industry. Study  and analysis of identification and legalization of the risks related to working sites according to the practical are done. The study are depends mainly on  the reality of the statistic data available  about accidents and injuries types and effects. The research ends  with a package of conclusions and recommendations which establish clear strategies to limit  the risks of such an important industry with taking into account the economical factors.

[Dr. eng Hebatalrahman, A. RISKS CONCERNING WORK IN BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRIES (CASE STUDY OF MARBLE AND GRANITE MINING REGION  IN TORA). Report and Opinion 2011;3(11):13-13]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report

doi:10.7537/marsroj031111.03

Key words: risks, building materials, mining industries, pollution, wastes

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INTERMEDIATE MEANS OF TRANSPORT (IMT) AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (TSS): THEIR RELEVANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM (RTS) IN IDEATO-NORTH L.G.A OF IMO STATE.

DR. NGOZI CHRISTIAN UME Ph.D, MANG, MNGS; DR. CHIBUIKE UDODIRI NWACHUKWU Ph.D

1. ALVAN IKOKU FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION OWERRI

ABSTRACT: The paper examined various roles played by Intermediate Means of Transport (IMT) and other transport systems (TSS) in Mbanasaa clan (Ideato-North L.G.A). The problem of the study is that rural areas of Imo state especially in Ideato North L.G.A lack adequate motorable roads that hampers effective government and private public vehicular transport participation. This affects mobility of human efforts, goods and services for effective rural transformation. The objectives of the study is to examine the roles played by IMT and other TSS in the movement of people, goods and services. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources. The field data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire and the authors experience of the area and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with stakeholders. Data were analyzed using percentages. Result show that other TSS and IMT have played very significant roles in providing means of transport for the people of the area devoid of trunk A and B roads network that link the communities. The study concludes that despite the nature of the roads, the Okada riders brave the monotonus poor minor roads and routes to convey people, goods and services to their various destinations and recommends that government should maintain rural roads and encourage the use of IMT by providing loans to the people to purchase one mode of IMTs or the other, provide spare parts and train local technicians for sustainable rural transport system (RTS).

[NGOZI CHRISTIAN UME, MANG, MNGS; CHIBUIKE UDODIRI NWACHUKWU. INTERMEDIATE MEANS OF TRANSPORT (IMT) AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (TSS): THEIR RELEVANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM (RTS) IN IDEATO-NORTH L.G.A OF IMO STATE. Report and Opinion 2011;3(11):14-18]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report.

doi:10.7537/marsroj031111.04

Key words: IMT, Development, RTS, Okada, Mbanasaa

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Physicochemical dynamics of the impact of paper mill effluents on Owerrinta River, Eastern Nigeria.

*¹Ihejirika Chinedu Emeka, ¹Emereibeole Enos Ihediohamma, ²Nwaogu Linus, ¹Uzoka Christopher Ndubuisi and ¹Amaku Grace Ebele

*Corresponding author: E-mail: ceihejirika@yahoo.com Phone no: 08037760837

Abstract: Industrial effluent discharge constitute major source of water pollution.  Effects of effluent discharge from three paper mill industries on recipient Owerrinta River was determined by subjecting samples to standard physicochemical analysis.  All values were within standard excepting the pH value of Effluent-II sample (3.92) and Total Suspended Solids values of all the effluent samples (84, 496, and 165mg/l), respectively.  There were significant variations (P < 0.05) between effluents and river samples and within effluents and river samples respectively, for all the parameters.  The values varied as follows: temperature (24.70 – 24.12 ⁰C); pH (6.68 – 3.92); conductivity (64.67 – 0.02 µS/cm); Turbidities (259.00 – 16.00 NTU); Total Dissolved Solids (29.50 – 1.50 mg/l); Total Suspended Solids (496.00 – 2.02 mg/l); nitrate (NO₃^-) (19.10 – 0.08 mg/l); phosphate (PO₄^2-) (0.81 – 0.02 mg/l); sulphate (SO₄^2-) (34.00 – 0.06 mg/l); Biochemical Oxygen Demand (1.09 – 0.41 mg/l); Chemical Oxygen Demand (8.25 – 0.72 mg/l) and Oil and Grease (4.01 – 1.92 mg/l).  Variations from River samples indicated impact from effluents discharge, while variations in effluents values implied the contributory pattern of the effluents to River quality.  The River recovered from some parameter.  Treatment of effluents to insignificant values will reduce the impact on River quality.

[Ihejirika Chinedu Emeka, Emereibeole Enos Ihediohamma, Nwaogu Linus, Uzoka Christopher Ndubuisi and Amaku Grace Ebele. Physicochemical dynamics of the impact of paper mill effluents on Owerrinta River, Eastern Nigeria. Report and Opinion 2011;3(11):19-25]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report.

doi:10.7537/marsroj031111.05

Key words: Paper mill, effluents, Owerrinta River, water quality, sustainable development

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Growth performance and some carcass charactristics in broiler chickens supplemented with Thymus extract(Thymus vulgaris) in drinking water

¹Rahim Abdulkarimi,²Ali Mirza Aghazdeh, ²Mohsen Daneshyar

¹Islamic Azad University, Boukan Branch, Boukan, Iran

²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Corresponding Author: Rahim Abdulkarimi

Email Adress: Rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com

Tel: +98- 9141801681; Fax: +98 -4826223534

Abstract: The effects of thyme extract(Thymus vulgaris) supplemented in drinking water on growth performance and some carcass charactristics evaluated in present study. A total of 160 day-old  broiler chickes (Ross 308) were weighed and based on completely randomized design assigned to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicate and 10 bird  per each. All the chickens were fed basal diet, but birds drinking waters supplemented with 0.0% (ZT), 0.2% (LT), 0.4% (MT) and 0.6% (HT) alcoholic extract of Thyme vulgaris during the whole period of the experiment. Birds FCR supplemented with LT were higher than MT at second period (22-42d) and compared with ZT(control) and MT at whole of the study period (P<0.05). BWG in LT received birds significantly higher than birds supplemented with MT (from 1-42 days). Also in days  22-42 of age, LT and HT received birds improved FCR value than control (ZT) birds (P<0.05). In contrast of thyme supplementation and non supplementation, the birds using thyme extract had a better FCR value (P<0.05) compared with ZT birds. Hot carcass and breast absolute weights in broilers fed with LT and HT were greater than MT and ZT(control) birds, and also LT and HT consumption  increased (P<0.05) wing absolute weight compared with ZT birds. Breast relative weight, significantly effected by LT and HT consumption and birds received these levels, had a higher breast relative weight  than ZT(control) birds. Also MT received birds had a higher wing weight(%) than ZT group. Contrast results between Thyme extract receiving  groups with control group showed, dietary Thymus vulgaris, increased (P<0.05) hot carcass absolute weight, breast and wing absolute and relative weights, compared with non supplemented birds(ZT). In result of the thyme extract consumption, positive effects on performance and carcass characteristics revealed and greatest optimal respons observed in birds supplemented with  LT(0.2%) level in overall of study period.

[Rahim Abdulkarimi, Ali Mirza Aghazdeh, Mohsen Daneshyar. Growth performance and some carcass charactristics in broiler chickens supplemented with Thymus extract(Thymus vulgaris) in drinking water. Report and Opinion 2011;3(11):26-32]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report.

doi:10.7537/marsroj031111.06

Key words: thyme extract, Growth performance, carcass, Broiler chickens.

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Report and Opinion 2011;3(11):33-54]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report.

doi:10.7537/marsroj031111.07

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