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The development of PCR test-systems for diagnostics of virus diseases

Assilbek Burabaev¹, Valentina Matveeva², Zhumagaly Koshemetov², Marina Koryagina², Marlen Yessirkepov¹, Bekaidar Nurmashev¹

1. South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan

2. Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

marlen-forex@inbox.ru

Abstract: The results of the data obtained on the basis of the development of diagnostic test- system RT-PCR based on the hemagglutinin gene F / R for identifying equine influenza virus of strain H3N8, showed high sensitivity and specificity in working conditions. And RNA can be reliably detected in the researched virus strains. Viral fragment 200 b.p. was shown as the product in the result of the amplification, with a sensitivity of 10^–9TCD_50/ml and the high specificity of the reaction. Isolated RNA maintains its activity for 2-10 months at -18 º C. Research work on the development of diagnostic test- system for the detection of HA gene, the gene of EIV, was hold on the basis of RSE RIBSP. In connection therewith, we are announcing our gratitude to all members of the laboratory of diagnostic and indication of viral infections.

[Assilbek Burabaev, Valentina Matveeva, Zhumagaly Koshemetov, Marina Koryagina, Marlen Yessirkepov, Bekaidar Nurmashev. The development of PCR test-systems for diagnostics of virus diseases. Rep Opinion 2013;5(10):1-6]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1

doi:10.7537/marsroj051013.01

Keywords: PCR test-systems, diagnostics, virus diseases

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[Rep Opinion 2013;5(10):7-15]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2. doi:10.7537/marsroj051013.02

 Withdrawn

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Hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) depletion in Dachigam National Park and its adjoining mountainous ranges in Kashmir valley: A Review

Nasir Rashid Wani

Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar (J & K) 191121, India. nasirwani2012@gmail.com

Abstract: The Kashmir Red Deer or Hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) a member of family cervidae being the state animal is presently surviving only under the moist temperate forests of Kashmir region. Most of its population is concentrated in the world famous Dachigam National Park which covers an area of 141 square kilometers and is located on foothills of Zabarwan range among the high mountains of the mighty western Himalayas. In the past Kashmir had a large and vibrant population of Hangul.Now at present the Hangul has been declared critically endangered species by Red Data Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). The declining population of Hangul in Kashmir is because of the shrinkage of forests due to deforestation, fragmentation of natural habitat due to closure of corridor links between Overa Wildlife Sanctuary and Shikargah Conservation Reserve as well as other potential habitats, contamination of high altitude water bodies due to dam projects and climatic changes due to tourism and recreation and also high population pressure has significantly curbed the wild population of Hangul.There is an urgent requirement to initiate a conservation breeding programme to augment Hangul population in the wild.

[Nasir Rashid Wani. Hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) depletion in Dachigam National Park and its adjoining mountainous ranges in Kashmir valley: A Review. Rep Opinion 2013;5(10):16-20]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3

doi:10.7537/marsroj051013.03

Key words: Dachigam, Hangul, population depletion, physical factors, predation

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The Clinicopathological Characteristics of Uterine Leiomyomas: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience in Saudi Arabia

Running title: Uterine leiomyoma in Saudi Arabia

Layla Abdullah¹, Wafaey Gomaa^1,2

¹Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Leiomyomas are very common tumours of the female genital tract. However, large cohort studies are limited for reporting the incidence and prevalence. The aim of this study is to review the clinical and pathological pattern of leiomyoma in a tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical and pathological data of patients diagnosed as leiomyoma in a large tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia in the period from 2005 to 2012. Results: A total number of 563 patients were diagnosed as uterine leiomyoma. The age range was 22-86 years (mean 41.8 years). Leiomyomas were more common in age groups 41-50 years (40.1%) (p<0.001) followed by the age group 31-40 years (35.2%). Dysfunctional uterine bleeding was the presenting symptom in 19.2% followed by pelviabdominal mass (4.6%). In 70 % of cases, the specimen sent was delivered as myomectomy while in 30% leiomyoma was diagnosed in a hysterectomy specimen. The majority of leiomyomas were ordinary leiomyoma (97.3%) (p<0.001). Cellular leiomyoma constituted 2.7%. Hyaline degeneration was the commonest associated histological change (5.5%) followed by infarction (2.1%), and calcification (0.4%). The vast majority of leiomyomas were located intramural and multiple leiomyomas were significantly higher than single leiomyomas (p<0.001). Discussion: The present study is consistent with previously published data and confirms that leiomyomas are common benign neoplasms of females especially in age group of 31-50 years which may cause considerable morbidity. Further research and increase awareness on this tumour is required.

[Layla Abdullah, Wafaey Gomaa. The Clinicopathological Characteristics of Uterine Leiomyomas: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience in Saudi Arabia. Rep Opinion 2013;5(10):21-26]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4

doi:10.7537/marsroj051013.04

Key words: Leiomyoma, Fibroid, Pathology, Saudi Arabia.

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A Review Of The Effects Of Desertification On Food Security

Nneji, Lotanna Micah

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, PMB 117, Abuja, Nigeria

lotannanneji@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Desertification is the process of destruction of the biological potential of land that can ultimately lead to desert-like conditions due to widespread deterioration of ecosystems under the combined pressure of adverse and fluctuating climate and excessive exploitation of the land. It is an advanced stage of land degradation where soil has lost part of its capability to support human communities and ecosystem. The main causes of desertification are climatic variation (drought) and human activities which include extensive agriculture, deforestation, overgrazing and urbanization. Desertification can results to land degradation leading to decreased productivity of the arable land, resulting to a serious threat to the environment, agricultural sustainability and human welfare. It is directly linked to deterioration of soil health which in turn affects crop productivity and sustainability, causing food insecurity. Reduction in food availability, use and accessibility can be attributed to the deleterious effects of desertification. Approaches for combating desertification include planting of trees, landscape restoration, application of fertilizers on the soil etc. Furthermore, International Organization and governments at national, state and local level should enlighten the general public on the effects of desertification on food security.

[Nneji, L.M. A Review of the Effects of Desertification on Food Security. Rep Opinion 2013;5(10):27-33]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5

doi:10.7537/marsroj051013.05

Keywords: Desertification, food security, agriculture, drought, deforestation, overgrazing, urbanization

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CIN In Upper Egypt LEEP Excision

Edessy M.S *, Aldarwish A *, Hala Naguib Hosni **, Galal M **, and Ali F ***.

Professor*, lecturer*** of Obstetrics and Gynecology Al Azhar University and Ass professor of pathology Cairo university**

Abstract: The present study was To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), Women participating in a cervical screening study with histologically confirmed cervix were visually inspected with acetic acid, followed by coloposcopy and biopsy taken from abnormal areas, Cure was defined as no clinical or histologic evidence of CIN. Factors influencing cure rates were evaluated by χ² tests Out of the 1000 screened women 126 were found to be CIN positive (12.6%), 120 underwent LEEP. Six months follow up of 114 cases showed complete cure of 108 women (94.7%), LEEP Cure rates were 96.7%, 88.9%, and 80% for CIN_I, CIN_II and CIN_III respectively. Single Pass and Multiple Pass cure rates were 97% and 90% respectively. Minor adverse effects were observed in 15 women and complications were seen in 5 women, LEEP was associated with minimal complications and good cure rates especially in those with CIN_I even in cases with large lesions.

[Edessy M.S, Aldarwish A, Hala Naguib Hosni, Galal M, and Ali F. CIN In Upper Egypt LEEP Excision. Rep Opinion 2013;5(10):34-40]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6

doi:10.7537/marsroj051013.06

Keywords: effectiveness; safety; loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP); cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); histology; biopsy; lesion

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Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Stem Bark Extracts of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. Ex G. Don

Olubiyi Akinsoji Akintobi¹, Adekunle Odunayo Adejuwon², Adetunji Kola Olawale³

^1,2Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

³Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria

E-mail address: adejuwon_ao@yahoo.com

Abstract: The stem bark extract of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. Ex G. Don was evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Isolates tested were pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. The bark extracts of P. biglobosa used were of the solvents hexane, ethanol, petroleum ether and water. The extracts were concentrated at 70^oC using a rotary evaporator and then plated at different concentrations with the isolates using the agar well diffusion technique. The ethanolic extract of the stem bark had antimicrobial effect on all the isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40 mg/ml for the isolates except A. flavus and K. pneumonia which were inhibited the MIC of 66.6 mg/ml. The hexane and petroleum ether extracts had no effect on any of the pathogens however, the aqueous extract was slightly active on K. pneumonia at an undiluted concentration. When evaluated with specific broad spectrum antibiotics, ciprofloxacin had efficacy on K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa comparing favourably with the solvent extracts of P. biglobosa.

[Akintobi OA, Adejuwon AO, Olawale AK. Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Stem Bark Extracts of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. Ex G. Don. Rep Opinion 2013;5(10):41-45]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 7

doi:10.7537/marsroj051013.07

Key words: Parkia biglobosa, hexane, ethanol, petroleum ether, aqueous, bacteria, fungi

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Analysis Of Energy Balance On Nigeria’s Economic Growth: Evidence On Electricity Sector: 1970-2010

Amadi, C. R¹., Amadi, N. N²., Anyim, E.³

¹Department Of Banking And Finance, Rivers State Polytechnic, Bori, Nigeria

²Department Of Economics, Ignatius Aguru University Of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

³Department Of Economics, University Of Uyo, Nigeria

ABSTRACT: This study analysed the effects of energy balance on Nigeria’s economic growth, with specific focus on the electricity sector. The endogenous growth model complimented with an econometrics packages were adopted to determine the relationship between energy (electricity) demand, energy supply and energy balance: their stationarity and short and long run effects. The parsimonious estimate declared the relevance of electricity supply and demand to economic growth. To test the impact of electricity balance on economic growth, the second model included energy (electricity) balance, this resulted to overall change in influence and significance. The implication to the study is that the energy difference caused by excess demand is a strong determinant to the diabetic economic growth in the country. Against this background, this study suggests adequate funding, rehabilitation of existing power plants and construction of new ones to support the existing ones. Also recommended is the exploitation of nuclear sources of power supply, intensification of efforts to checkmate vandals and thieves of power apparatus, distilled massive private investment and incentives via multi year tariff order (MYTO) and gas sales agreement that eliminated direct government subsidies.

[Amadi, C. R., Amadi, N. N., Anyim, E. Analysis Of Energy Balance On Nigeria’s Economic Growth: Evidence On Electricity Sector: 1970-2010. Rep Opinion 2013;5(10):46-54]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 8

doi:10.7537/marsroj051013.08

Key words: energy balance, Nigeria, Economic growth, Electricity sector

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