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What Does Mean “Secularism”?... (A New Theory On “Vedhaism”)

M.Arulmani, B.E.; V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil.

Abstract:  “SECULAR” means “NON RELIGIOUS”?... ‘RELIGION’ means “NON SECULAR”?...

i.                               Secularism doesn’t mean absence from “Casteism”?...

ii.                              Secularism doesn’t mean absence from “Ethnicism”?...

iii.                            Secularism doesn’t mean absence from “Egoism”?...

This scientific research focus that in History of Human race (Anthropological science) the first “Human Ancestors” considered lived in “KACHCHA THEEVU” (3,00,000 years ago) of Ancient India even much before the “Sun” emits first rays on “Earth”. The populations of Kachcha theevu shall be considered lived as huge “JOINT FAMILY” also called as “SECULAR SOCIETY”. Further the Kachcha theevu ancestors shall be called as “DALITS”. Dalit shall mean “TRANSFORMED POPULATION” (or) “BLACK BRAHMIN” (BLACK OBAMA). This research further focus that during the course of expanding universe human ancestors who considered lived in “WHITE PLANET” (white mars) descended to Earth planet during “Dark Age” (or) ‘Plasma age’. The populations of white planet shall be called as “VEDHAS”. Vedhas shall mean “NATURAL HUMAN” or “WHITE BRAHMIN” (BHARATH OBAMA). The philosophy of White Brahmin, Black Brahmin shall be distinguished as indicated below.

[M.Arulmani, B.E.; V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil. What Does Mean “Secularism”?... (A New Theory On “Vedhaism”). Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):1-10]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.01

Key Words:

a)                 Philosophy of VEDHAISM?...

b)                 Philosophy of SECULARIMS?...

c)                 Philosophy of WHITE BRAHMIN?...

d)                 Philosophy of BLACK BRAHMIN?...

e)                 Philosophy of DALIT?...

f)                  Philosophy of SECULAR UNIVERSE?...

g)                 Philosophy of SECULAR INDIA?...

h)                 Philosophy of SECULAR RELIGION?...

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Animal Models of Partial Ureteral Obstruction (PUO) and Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) in Renal Research

Hongbao Ma ¹, Yan Yang ¹, Margaret Young ²

¹ Brookdale University Hospital & Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Urinary traction infection frequently occurs in the obstructed kidney. The ureters are the long narrow tubes in animals that carry urine from each kidney to the bladder. For human, the ureters are approximately 30 centimeters long. It exits the kidney at the hilum, comes into close contact with common iliac arteries from the aorta. The ureters pass on the lateral abdominal wall and then enters the pelvis where it joins the urinary bladder, passing a short distance into it. Obstructive nephropathy is a serious problem for many patients in the chronic kidney disease. The kidney function declined in obstructive nephropathy is associated with structural derangements, which is reparative in an attempt to overcome the kidney injury caused by the obstruction of urine flow. With sustained obstruction, a permanent loss of renal function may occur. In this problem, renal fibrosis becomes a reactive process. Partial ureteral obstruction (PUO) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) produce well documented triphasic responses in the renal hemodynamics and renal damage. This is characterized by an early increase in renal blood flow, followed by a decrease toward baseline, and later progressive profound renal ischemia. A lot studies have been performed in rodent models of unilateral urinary tract obstruction.

[Ma H, Yang Y, Young M. Animal Models of Partial Ureteral Obstruction (PUO) and Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) in Renal Research. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):11-14]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.02

Keywords: renal; complete ureteral obstruction (CUO); partial ureteral obstruction (PUO); unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)

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Impact of Climate Change on Hospitality Services, a case study of Lagos-Island

Owolabi Ekundayo Segun

National Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Research, Department of Natural Resources (Climatology)

Abstract: This study evaluates the resultant effect of weather and climate change on tourist inflow and hotel services using a case study of Lagos-Island. Tourists are sensitive to weather and climate changes which can impact on their decision to travel. Data for this study were collected from primary sources, through personal observation and the stratified random administration of two hundred (200) copies of questionnaires on categories of respondents in Lagos Island. Data where analysed using chi-square statistical method. Result from the study showed that there is higher patronage of visitors and tourist to the hotel during dry season, than wet season. This study recommends that as the hospitality services in Lagos-Island improve, there is need to understand the weather and climate of the area to better improve their services and also to destination choice of the tourist. Thus all tourism and hospitality service planners have a critical role to play in terms of proper management of the tourist destination facilities and services to aid overall quality.

[Owolabi Ekundayo Segun. Impact of Climate Change on Hospitality Services, a case study of Lagos-Island. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):15-26]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.03

Keyword: Hospitality, Seasonal Variation, Hotel Services

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Rainfall Instability Differences On The Effect Of Planting Date On Growth And Yield Of Some Selected Varieties Of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) In The Forest-Savanna Eco-Climatic Region Of Nigeria.

Adetayo, A. O¹. And N.J. Bello²

¹Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, P. M. B. 5029, Ibadan, Oyo State.

²Department of Water Resources Mgt. and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture Abeokuta P.M.B. 2240, Ogun State.

^*Corresponding author; wale.agromet@yahoo.com

Abstract: Effects of climate change on growth and yield of cowpea were investigated in this study using three varieties of cowpea IT960-610, AGRIBVI and IT98K205-8 during the late and early rains of the years 2009 and 2010 respectively. Three planting dates at two weeks interval between July 8 and August 15 2009 for late rain planting and April 7 and May 5, 2010 for early rain planting were followed. At the vegetative stage, cowpea planted during early rains had more leaves and higher plant height than those planted during the late rains. The yield characteristics of cowpea planted during the late season were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those planted during the early rains. It was generally observed that the yield characteristics decreased with delayed planting during the two seasons. The relatively lower yield observed during the early rains could be attributed to higher rainfall received during flowering stage, which led to absorption of flowers. The timing of planting cowpea in the study area should be done such that flowering stage and pod filling stage do not coincide with the period of high rainfall.

[Adetayo, A. O. And N.J. Bello. Rainfall Instability Differences On The Effect Of Planting Date On Growth And Yield Of Some Selected Varieties Of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) In The Forest-Savanna Eco-Climatic Region Of Nigeria. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):27-32]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.04

Key words: Planting dates, climate change, varieties of cowpea, optimum yield.

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5

Key Words:

a)                 Philosophy of “LOVE”?...

b)                 Philosophy of “CREATION”?...

c)                 Philosophy of “INCARNATION”?...

d)                 Philosophy of “PARENT ANGEL”?...

e)                 Philosophy of “INCARNATED ANGEL”?...

f)                  Philosophy of “REBIRTH”?...

g)                 Philosophy of “TRANSGENDER EGG”?...

h)                 Philosophy of “TRISOMY EGG”?...

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Foldable And Deployable Pyramidal Plated Structures

Part I: Design

Hassan A. Khayyat

Department of Mechanical, Faculty of Engineering, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia

hkhayyat@su.edu.sa

Abstract: This paper explains the various trials carried out to design the foldable pyramid, using trials on folding plane surfaces in a symmetrical way and then assembling all surfaces of the structure to form the three-dimensional model. All preliminary studies and the suggested solutions that can be used to achieve the solution for folding the pyramidal shape will be addressed.

[Hassan A. Khayyat. Foldable And Deployable Pyramidal Plated Structures Part I: Design. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):43-51]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.06

Keywords: Foldable and deployable Structure, Foldable pyramid, Plate with thickness Structure, Folding Mechanism, Post-compression technique.

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Evaluating Scour at L-Shape Spur Dike in a 180 Degree Bend

Alireza Masjedi¹, Issa Akbari²

¹Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz Branch, Ahwaz, Iran

²MSc Student, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz, Iran

Drmasjedi.2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted on scour depth around a L-shape spur dike with model L-shape spur dike was measured in a laboratory flume with 180 degree bend under clear-water. L-shape spur dike models were angled for different locations and lengths of L-shape spur dikes at the bend with various Froude number. The main goals of the experiments were to evaluate the effect of the four length on the depth of scour and potential aquatic habitat and on minimizing erosion adjacent to the streambanks. The experiments showed that of the four length tested, the least local scour the near bank region was associated with the L-shape spur dikes with 30 degree angles, while the greatest depth of the scour hole was associated with the 75 degree spur dike. By increasing the length of the spur dike, the maximum depth of scour increases. With increasing Froude number the maximum scour depth increases. Measuring depth of scouring based on experimental observation, an empirical relation is developed with high regression coefficient 95%.

[Alireza Masjedi, Issa Akbari. Evaluating Scour at L-Shape Spur Dike in a 180 Degree Bend. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):52-57]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 7

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.07

Key Words: Local scour, 180degree flume bend, L-shape spur dike, Froude number

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Assessment of Homotopy Perturbation Method to Nonlinear Fifth-Order Boundary Value Problem

Abdolhosein Fereidoon ¹, Hessameddin Yaghoobi ¹

^1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

Yaghoobi.Hessam@gmail.com

Abstract: Analytical solutions play a very important role in nonlinear boundry value problem. In this paper, He's homotopy perturbation method (HPM) has been applied to solve a nonlinear fifth-order boundary value problem. The concept of He's homotopy perturbation method are introduced briefly for applying this method for solving problem. The results of HPM as analytical solution are then compared with those derived from the exact solution in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. Just one iteration results in highly accurate solution. The results reveal that the HPM is very effective and convenient in predicting the solution of such problems, and it is predicted that HPM can have a found wide application in new engineering problems.

[Abdolhosein Fereidoon, Hessameddin Yaghoobi. Assessment of Homotopy Perturbation Method to Nonlinear Fifth-Order Boundary Value Problem. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):58-60]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 8

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.08

Keywords: Homotopy perturbation method (HPM); Nonlinear equation; Fifth-order; boundary value problem

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Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.: A Multipurpose and Potential Biodiesel Tree Species of the Arid Regions

Tarun Kant* and Vinod Singh Gour

Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, New Pali Road, Jodhpur 342-005 India

* tarunkant@icfre.org

Abstract: Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., commonly known as hingota or desert date is an evergreen xerophyte. This plant can survive in a wide range of climatic conditions. It can withstand high temperature, high light intensity, high wind velocity and severe drought. The fruits and roots of this plant contain diosgenin, which can be used in pharmaceutical industry in production of oral contraceptive and steroids. The seeds of this plant contain 30-60% oil, which is edible and used as cooking oil. The seed oil can also be used as biofuel as combustion energy of oil is comparable to that of diesel. Fruits are also being used in detergent industry. This plant also has been reported to have Bristol and larvicidal activity against some mosquitoes. The stem of the tree contains steroidal saponins, which have been shown to have an insect anti-feedant and molluscicidal properties. Beside this the leaves of this plant is a one of the favorite fodder among goats, so it can play an important role of fodder tree in the desert in severe drought. This plant can be listed among the plants, which are used as famine foods. The yield of this marvelous tree is about 125 Kg/tree/annum. So looking at the importance and nature of the plant, this plant species must be promoted as planting material in combating desertification programme and in stabilization of sand dunes. This plant can play significant role especially against soil erosion as it produces root sucker in nearby area, the clump of the root sucker can hold the soil for a long.

[Tarun Kant and Vinod Singh Gour. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.: A Multipurpose and Potential Biodiesel Tree Species of the Arid Regions. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):61-64]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 9

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.09

Keywords: Multipurpose Tree Species; oil; famine food; biodiesel; diosgenin.

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Application of Hemisphere Radiation Shields with Temperature-Dependent Emissivity for Reducing Heat Transfer Between Two Concentric Hemispheres

Seyfolah Saedodin ¹, M.S. Motaghedi Barforoush ², Mohsen Torabi ¹

^1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

^2. Parseh Higher Education Institute, Tehran, Iran

Torabi_mech@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this paper, a simplifying approach for calculating the radiant energy is achieved using the concept of net radiation heat transfer and provides an easy way for solving a variety of situations. This method has been applied to calculate the net radiation heat transfer between two concentric hemispheres. Then this method used to calculate reduction heat transfer when radiation shields with temperature-dependent emissivity applied between these objects. Moreover, using this method the percentage reduction in heat transfer between two surfaces was calculated. The findings reveal that, one radiation shield with lower emissivity can reduce the net heat transfer even better than two radiation shields with higher emissivity.

[Seyfolah Saedodin, M.S. Motaghedi Barforoush, Mohsen Torabi. Application of Hemisphere Radiation Shields with Temperature-Dependent Emissivity for Reducing Heat Transfer Between Two Concentric Hemispheres. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):65-70]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 10

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.10

Keywords: Temperature-dependent emissivity, radiant energy, radiation shield, net radiation method, concentric hemispheres.

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Quality evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana Cultivated in farmers field.

Nirpendra Chauhan, Hema Lohani, Harish Chandra Andola*

Centre for Aromatic Plants, Industrial Estate, Selaqui-248197 Dehradun,Uttarakhand, (India)

Email: andolah@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Among the potential industrial crops Stevia rebaudiana introduce in newly develop state Uttarakand for cultivated as well as quality evaluations of farmers produced and its comparative assessment with other parts of northern areas. Stevia rebaudiana is a natural, non-caloric, sweet-tasting plant used globally for its sweeter properties. Stevia rebaudiana cultivated in different region of north India, stevioside vary 6.0- 9.5%, rebaudioside vary ranging 1.60-3.90 % within different location.

[Nirpendra Chauhan, Hema Lohani, Harish Chandra Andola. Quality evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana Cultivated in farmers field. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):71-73]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 11

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.11

Key words Stevia rebaudiana- low calorie sweetener, stevioside, glycosides, cultivated Farmers fields.

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Using Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm for Spring Back Minimization in Sheet Metal Forming

Ali Ghoddosian¹, Navid Nouredin², Mojtaba Sheikhi¹

^1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran

^2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran

N.Nooredin@gmail.com

Abstract: The sheet metal bending is an important form of sheet metal forming process, widely used in various industrial applications. Furthermore, the spring back of sheet metal, which is defined as elastic recovery of the part during unloading, should be taken into consideration so as to produce bent sheet metal parts within acceptable tolerance limits. Spring back is affected by the factors such as sheet thickness, specimen orientation and depth of die. This study predicts and minimizes the responses of the sheet metal bending process using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. Artificial neural network is getting wide popularity in recent years due to their ease, quickness and economy.

[Ali Ghoddosian, Navid Nouredin, Mojtaba Sheikhi. Using Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm for Spring Back Minimization in Sheet Metal Forming. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):74-78]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 12

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.12

Keywords: Sheet metal forming; spring back; artificial neural network; genetic algorithm

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Isolation and Biotyping of Brucella melitensis from Upper Egypt

Affi, M. M.,^1&2 Abdul-Raouf, U. M.,¹ El-Bayoumy, E. M.³, Montasser, A. M.³ and Mohamad, H. A.¹

^1.Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt

 ^2.Department of Applied Medical Science, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Bisha 551, Saudia Arabia

^3.Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt magdy_afifi@yahoo.com

Abstract: A total 106 seropositive samples from sheep, cattle and goats were collected from May 2009 to May 2010. Species of Brucella were isolated from, 9 (28.13%) of 32 in cattle, 30 (40.5%) of 74 in sheep and goats, from lymph nodes and spleen tissues. the south province of Egypt. The species examined by biochemical characteristics and had identical reactions with the standard strain. Oxidative metabolic tests performed, by substrate specific tetrazolium reduction (SSTR) test on the species, confirmed them as B. melitensis. Based on the biochemical, oxidative metabolic, and biotyping tests (CO₂ requirement, H₂S production, growth in the presence of thionin and basic fuchsin dyes, and agglutination test with monospecific A and M anti-sera) the strains were determined as B. melitensis biotype 3.

[Affi, M. M., Abdul-Raouf, U. M., El-Bayoumy, E. M., Montasser, A. M. and Mohamad, H. A. Isolation and Biotyping of Brucella melitensis from Upper Egypt. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):79-84]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 13

doi:10.7537/marsroj070215.13

Keywords: Brucella melitensis; Isolation; Biotyping ; Upper Egypt

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Cytokines

Hongbao Ma ¹, Yan Yang ¹, Margaret Young ²

¹ Brookdale University Hospital & Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA; ² Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Cytokines are a group of cell signaling molecules that play roles in aid cell-cell communication in immune responses and stimulate the movement of cells towards sites of inflammation, infection and trauma. Cytokine molecules can be peptide, protein and glycoprotein.

[Ma H, Yang Y, Young M. Cytokines. Rep Opinion 2015;7(2):86-89]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 14

Keywords: Cytokine; cell; cell-cell communication; immune; peptide; protein

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