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Hydro-Biological Characterization Of Haripura Reservoir (Gularboj) In Uttarakhand With Special Reference To Pollution Status

Meena Dhapola, S. N. Rao and Sushil Bhadula*

Department of Zoology, R.H.G (P.G.) College, Kashipur, Udham Singh Nagar

*Department of Environmental Science, Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar

Abstract: This study is focused on physico-chemical parameters and Phytoplanktonic diversity of Haripura reservoir water from September 2012 to August, 2013. The qualitative evaluation of plankton with seasonal variation and water quality of Haripura reservoir were analyzed. Three groups of phyto-plankton viz. Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Dinophyceae were identified during the study period, Bacillariophyceae were most dominant among the all groups at Haripura reservoir. During present study it was also revealed that the water of Haripura reservoir is polluted by direct contamination of local people, mismanagement of reservoir and other anthropogenic activities. Some selected Physico-chemical parameters viz. temperature, transparency, electric conductivity; dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, phosphates, nitrates and total hardness were monitored.

[Meena Dhapola, S. N. Rao and Sushil Bhadula. Hydro-Biological Characterization Of Haripura Reservoir (Gularboj) In Uttarakhand With Special Reference To Pollution Status. Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):1-6]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.01

Key words: Water Quality, Planktonic diversity, Haripura reservoir

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The Effect of Carbon Source of Growth on α-Amylase Production by a Tropical Isolate Penicillium rubrum

Adekunle Odunayo Adejuwon

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria Or Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology), College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

ao_adejuwon@yahoo.ca, adejuwon.ao@lcu.edu.ng

Abstract: Background: In a recent investigation, a tropical isolate Penicillium rubrum was reported to express relative substantial α-amylase activity with starch as carbon source and urea, tryptone or peptone as nitrogen source of growth. Materials and methods: In the present investigation, a defined growth medium with potassium nitrate as nitrogen source was inoculated with spore suspensions of approximately 6x10⁵ spores per ml of a same tropical strain Penicillium rubrum. The carbon source of growth was varied and was separately starch, maltose, sucrose, lactose, glucose and galactose. Bread as sole carbon source was also inoculated with the same spore suspension of the isolate. Incubation was at 25^oC. Extracellular proteins produced in medium during the process of growth were analysed for α-amylase activity. Results: Protein extracts in medium inoculated with the tropical Penicillium rubrum exhibited α-amylase activity with all the carbon compounds used in the study. Maximum expression was with starch and was 252 units/mg protein on the 6^th day of inoculation of medium. Delayed expressions were observed with sucrose, lactose, glucose and galactose, suggestive of slight enzyme repression. Conclusion: Potassium nitrate is a good source of nitrogen when starch is carbon source of growth for expression of α-amylase in the tropical strain of Penicillium rubrum. Sucrose seems not to be a good source of carbon with potassium nitrate as nitrogen source of growth for substantial amylase expression in Penicillium rubrum at 25^oC.

[Adejuwon AO. The Effect of Carbon Source of Growth on α-Amylase Production by a Tropical Isolate Penicillium rubrum. Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):7-9]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.02

Key words: Penicillium rubrum, α-amylase, growth medium, carbon source

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The Effect of Carbon Source of Growth on α-Amylase Production by a Tropical Strain of Penicillium citrinum

Adekunle Odunayo Adejuwon

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria Or Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology), College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

ao_adejuwon@yahoo.ca, adejuwon.ao@lcu.edu.ng

Abstract: Background: Recently a tropical isolate Penicillium citrinum was demonstrated to express α-amylase activity with starch as carbon source and certain nitrogen compounds as growth constituents. Materials and methods: In this current investigation, a defined medium having the vitamins thiamine as a source of coenzyme and biotin as a source of coenzyme as well as a carrier of CO₂ but with potassium nitrate as an organic source of nitrogen for growth was inoculated with spore suspensions of approximately 6x10⁵ spores per ml of a same previous tropical strain of Penicillium citrinum (Adejuwon et al. 2015, Report and Opinion 7(6): 38-40). The carbon source of growth was varied and was independently bread, starch, maltose, sucrose, lactose, glucose and galactose. Incubation was at 30^oC. Extracellular proteins produced in medium during the process of growth were analysed for α-amylase activity. Results: The tropical strain Penicillium citrinum exhibited α-amylase activity with all the carbon growth compounds used in the investigation. Maximum α-amylase expression was with starch and was 527 units/mg protein observed on the 5^th day of inoculation of medium. Slight delayed expression was with maltose, lactose and sucrose with activity expressed starting 2^nd days for maltose and lactose but expressed starting 3^rd day of inoculation of medium for sucrose. Conclusion: The vitamins thiamin and biotin with all the carbon compounds used in the investigation supported expression of α-amylase in Penicillium citrinum with potassium nitrate as nitrogen source for fungal growth at 30^oC. The role of thiamine might be in a decarboxylation process in the carbohydrate catabolism with potassium nitrate suggestively playing a role in DNA regeneration. Maltose lactose or sucrose as carbon source for growth with potassium nitrate as nitrogen source seem not to support much early expression of α-amylase in Penicillium citrinum.

[Adejuwon AO. The Effect of Carbon Source of Growth on α-Amylase Production by a Tropical Strain of Penicillium citrinum. Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):10-13]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.03

Key words: Penicillium citinum, α-amylase, growth medium, carbon source

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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Hernaria Cinereaa, Family Caryophyllacea

Abd-Elmonem M.A. Sharf, Mahmoud R. Sofy*, Mohamed H. Elhaw, Mohamed S. Elsaid

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt

*mahmoud_sofy@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research aims to detect the Phytochemical Screening and investigate chemical constituents of Hernaria cinerea in different months (March, April and May). Water content, total ash, organic matter, acid soluble and insoluble ash, water soluble and insoluble ash, crude fiber, total carbohydrates, soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, total nitrogen, total protein, total lipids, free amino acids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total saponins, total tannins and total alkaloids were analyzed. Water content, organic matter, total carbohydrates, insoluble carbohydrates, total nitrogen, total protein, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total tannins and total saponins were increased in March while soluble carbohydrates and total alkaloids were increased in April, while total ash, acid soluble and insoluble ash, water soluble and insoluble ash and crude fiber were increased in May. Preliminary phytochemical screening in different months of Hernaria cinerea showed that Volatile oil is absent. Ld₅₀ of methanol extract 70% of Hernaria cinerea was 5500 mg /Kg. two specific dose (275 mg/kg and 525 mg/kg) used for hepatoprotective activity of Hernaria cinerea evaluation and results showed that the total extract of Hernaria cinerea plant produced high effect for protection of hepatic cells.

[Sharf AMA, Sofy MR, Elhaw MH, Elsaid MS. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Hernaria Cinereaa, Family Caryophyllacea. Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):14-21]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.04

Keywords: chemical composition, phytochemical, Hernaria cinerea, hepatoprotective, Ld₅₀

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Improvement of Growth Parameters of Zea mays and Properties of Soil Inoculated with Two Chlorella Species

Taher Mohamed Taha¹* and Mohamed Ahamed Youssef ²

^1. Botany & Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut 71524, Egypt

^2. Soils & Water sciences Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut 71524, Egypt

*tahery1@yahoo.com

Abstract: The effects of two green microalgal strains, Chlorella oocystoides and Chlorella minutissima, on some growth parameters of Zea mays and on some soil physico-chemical properties were studied. The growth mass, chlorophyll content, phosphorous content, and potassium content of maize plants were significantly increased. The increase of other parameters such as plant length, number of leaves, and total nitrogen was not statistically significant. Concerning the studied soil physicochemical properties, the soil total nitrogen significantly increased by inoculation with algal strains. Also the soil organic matter significantly increased with all the used concentrations of the two algae. The pH significantly decreased with 1%, 2.5%, and 5% of C. oocystoides, while there was no significant change with the second alga.

[Taha TM and Youssef MA. Improvement of Growth Parameters of Zea mays and Properties of Soil Inoculated with Two Chlorella Species. Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):22-27]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.05

Keywords: Zea mays, Soil physico-chemical properties, Chlorella, Biofertilizers

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Dominant Avian Species of Village Danoda, district Jind, Haryana (India)

^*Vikas, Ritu, Daya and Saddam Husain

Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra -136119, Haryana (India)

^*email: vikas17sikerwal@gmail.com

Abstract: During periodic weekly visits from June, 2015 to July, 2015, Scan sampling method (Altman, 1974) was followed to record avian fauna of village Danoda, district Jind, Haryana (India). In village Danoda, 20 species of birds, namely, Acridotheres tritis, Corvus splendens, Dendrocitta vagabunda, Turdoides caudatus, Turdoides striatus, Phala crocorax niger, Phalacrocorax carbo, Ardeola grayii, Babulus ibis, Dendrocygna javanice, Anas clypeate, Haliaster indus, Povo cristatus, Columba livia, Prisyaculla krameri, Haycyon smyrnesis, Saxicola torquata, Passer domesticus, Acridotheres ginginianus and Pycnonotus cafer were recorded. Order Passeriformes have maximum percentage of species, i.e, 45% were recorded.

[Vikas, Ritu, Daya and Saddam Husain. Dominant Avian Species of Village Danoda, district Jind, Haryana (India). Researcher 2015;7(8):28-31]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.06

Keywords: Biodiversity, Fauna, Village, Pond, Jind, Haryana.

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“JANGLISH” IS CHEMMOZHI?...(“RAMANUJAM  LANGUAGE”)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: Presently there are thousands of languages exist across the world. “ENGLISH” is considered as dominant language of International business and global communication through influence of global media. If so who is the “linguistics Ancestor” of “ENGLISH?”...This scientific research focus that “ANGLISH” (universal language) shall be considered as the Divine and universal language originated from single origin. ANGLISH shall also be considered as Ethical language of “Devas populations” (Angel race) who lived in MARS PLANET (also called by author as EZHEM) in the early universe say 5,00,000 years ago. Janglish shall be considered as the SOUL (mother nature) of ANGLISH.

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. “JANGLISH” IS CHEMMOZHI?...(“RAMANUJAM  LANGUAGE”). Researcher 2015;7(8):32-37]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.07

Keywords: ENGLISH; dominant language; international business; global communication; global media; linguistics Ancestor; ANGLISH” (universal language)

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Innovative combinations and words in Akhavan’s poetry

Golnaz  Mirsalari¹, Dr. Mohammad Behnamfar²

¹Corresponding author, Master of Persian Language and Literature, University of Birjand

²Associate Professor of Persian Language & Literature Dept,. University of Birjand

email: mbehnamfar@birjand.ac.ir

Abstract: Akhavan is one of the poets that his words’ domain spreads as Persian literature from third century up to the contemporary century. Akhavan never sensed the lack of words in expressing the meanings and his mental and created words and combinations whenever it was necessary creates words and brought them to Persian language that was just from his mind. In this article, we try to survey the words and combinations that were made by his mind. We consider all sets of his poems for this affair. The used words and combinations in Akhavan’s poetry show his dominance on all Persian words from the time of Khorasani style up to now. He used these words to create combinations and words and use them and the raw material of these combinations and words are the same as Persian origin words that not only is a valuable achievement for the contemporary poets in the field of creating words but also add them to Persian language treasure.

[Golnaz Mirsalari, Mohammad Behnamfar. Innovative combinations and words in Akhavan’s poetry. Researcher 2015;7(8):38-44]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.08

Keywords: contemporary literature, structural criticism, poetry collection of Akhavan, combination and word

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The relationship between measures of doubtful receivables and cost of money in the agriculture bank

Abolfazl Darehzereshki

Department of Accounting, Young Researchers and Elites Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract: Mobilization and allocation of investment resources to economic activities carried out by the credit markets, banking and financial markets as part of the market. This is done as the main role of banks in the financial market are done through credit customers. The population in this study was Yazd province Bank (50 branches) and sample was conducted of 50 chapters and sample census. The data from the financial statements for the five consecutive years from 2008 to 2012 bank branches is obtained. To analyze the data was used Spearman- Pierson correlations and multiple regression. These findings suggest that there is direct relationship between the credit risk, Doubtful receivables, collateral kind of doubtful receivables, chronological age of doubtful receivables with cost of money in Yazd  agricultural Bank.

[Abolfazl Darehzereshki. The relationship between measures of doubtful receivables and cost of money in the agriculture bank. Researcher 2015;7(8):45-51]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.09

Keywords: credit, credit risk, cost of money, validation, and credit scoring

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What is The cost of transportation, storage, warehousing and processing in Tile industry?

Mohsen Behrouzi Moghadam

Financial  Management Department, Branch of Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: managers of many industries learned that in order to survive in the market, improving internal procedures and company's flexibility is not solely enough but material and parts suppliers must also match the company's market development policies. Competitive environment faced companies with several challenges such as reduction of production cycles, decrease in distribution time, decrease in inventories and also waiting time, which are all of high importance to maintain profitability in the market. In order to solve these problems, the process which is now referred to as Supply Chain Management was introduced; meanwhile the notion was soon spread that the real competition was not between companies but was between supply chains indeed and logistic as a part of it was remarked. In the first step, through a critical review of the literature the constituent elements of logistics costs were integrally identified and content classified. The output of this stage developed a model that represents the main structural constituent of logistics costs with associated variables. By using a questionnaire and interviewing elites the general model was then turned into a native model in the ceramic and tile industry. Then based on conceptual cost model, consisting of structures and variables, a case study on Khayyam Ceramic and Tile Company was conducted and using financial statements and interviewing relevant units within the company, a cost framework was extracted and following results were obtained. According to the study, 11% of the total costs of the company accounted for logistics costs of which, 33% was transportation costs , 39% inventory costs.

[Mohsen Behrouzi Moghadam. What is The cost of transportation, storage, warehousing and processing in Tile industry? Researcher 2015;7(8):52-58]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.10

Keywords: financial statements, client expectations, cost conceptual model, tile and ceramic industry.

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MAY DAY?...(“RAMANUJAM INDUSTRY”)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: It is the global level fact that ‘School working day’ mean students ‘Face become shrink’. ‘School holiday’ means students ‘face become cheerful’. Holiday means Jolly Day?...‘MAY 1’ is celebrated as ‘International workers day’ and ‘Public holiday’ among all nations of the world for expressing their joy of workers freedom by raising slogans, conducting procession. In ancient time ‘MAY DAY’ was celebrated by crowning ‘MAY QUEEN’, MAY POLE DANCING for expression of their joy. In US and CANADA “Labour day” is annually on 1^st Monday of September.

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.. MAY DAY?...(“RAMANUJAM INDUSTRY”). Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):59-65]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 11

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.11

Keywords: School; working day; student; holiday

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Application of Soft Computing- for Mobile Robot Tracking

Fatemeh Masoudinia

Department of Electrical Engineering, Sofyan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sofyan, Iran

Fatemehmasoudinia@chmail.ir

Abstract: Mobile robots are mechanical devices capable of moving in an environment with a certain degree of autonomy. Autonomous navigation is associated to the availability of external sensors that capture information of the environment through visual images or distance or proximity measurements. A variety of evolutionary algorithms, operating according to Darwinian concepts, have been proposed to approximately solve problems of common engineering applications.  Increasingly common applications involve automatic learning of nonlinear mappings that govern the behavior of control systems.  In many cases where robot control is of primary concern, the systems used to demonstrate the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms often do not represent practical robotic systems.   In this paper, genetic programming (GP) is the evolutionary strategy of interest.  It is applied to learn fuzzy control rules for a practical autonomous vehicle steering control problem, namely, path tracking. GP handles the simultaneous evolution of membership functions and rule bases for the fuzzy path tracker. In attempts to formulate approaches that can handle real world uncertainty, researches are frequently faced with the necessity of considering tradeoffs between developing complex cognitive systems that are difficult to control, or adopting a host of assumptions that lead to simplified models which are not sufficiently representative of the system or the real world.

[Fatemeh Masoudinia. Application of Soft Computing- for Mobile Robot Tracking. Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):66-71]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 12

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.12

Keywords: Application, Soft Computing, Mobile Robot Tracking

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Effect Of Weight And Length On Full Blood Count Of Cat Fish (Clarias Gariapinus)

Adamu, N. M. And Solomon, R.J.

Department Of Bilogical Sciences, Faculty Of Science, University Of Abuja, Nigeria.

Johnsol2004@Yahoo.Com

Abstract: This study was to investigate the effect of length and weight on Clarias gariapinus haematological parameters in commercial fish ponds in Gwargwalada Area council, in the F.C.T. 87 blood samples were collected from the 5th of March to the 10^th of April, the samples were group into three bases on their weight and length Group one ranging from10-20cm and 180-278grams, and Group two 21-30cm and 280-503grams, and Group three 31-50cm and 509-900 grams. Each blood sample were examine for full blood count which consist of WBC, erythrocytes count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrits (PCV), leukocytes (WBC) differential count and blood indices such as MCV, MCH and MCH. All the calculation were evaluated using ANOVA method in the haematological evaluation the following result show no significant differences from the three group (P<0.05) PCV, RBC, WBC, MCHC, MCH, and MCV. While the rest of the result show a significant differences (P<0.05) Hb, Lymp, Neut, Eos, and Mon. from this result it could be concluded that the weight and length of Clarias gariapinus has effect on the following haematology (Hb, lymp, neut, Eos, and Mon). So it can be used to diagnose Anaemia, bone marrow disorder, viral infection and cancer.

[Adamu, N. M. And Solomon, R.J. Effect Of Weight And Length On Full Blood Count Of Cat Fish (Clarias Gariapinus). Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):72-87]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 13

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.13

Keywords: Effect; Weight; Length; Full Blood Count; Cat Fish; Clarias Gariapinus

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A Theoretical Approach to Management of Examination Phobia among High School Students

Sindhu P

Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore

divyasn@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper focuses on exam phobia among students. Exam phobia is an irrational fear that leads to avoidance of the feared situation or object which in turn increases the severity of the phobia. Exam phobia refers to the excessive worry about upcoming exams, Lifestyle issues, Negative thinking, self criticism, studying styles, psychological factors, fear of being evaluated, apprehension about the consequences, and is experienced by many normal students. It affects socially and leads to social withdrawal, avoidance of friends and family, self defeating thought, suicidal thoughts, etc. Therefore the management of Examination Phobia has become an essential research topic. The main objective of this paper is to introduce interventions for the Management of Examination Phobia and to assess the results of the same among High School Students using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Progressive Muscular Relaxation Technique, Benson’s Relaxation Response, Guided Imagery and Recommendations for administrators, teachers, parents, school counsellors and students themselves.

[Sindhu P. A Theoretical Approach to Management of Examination Phobia among High School Students. Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):88-92]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 14

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.14

Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Phobia, Stress, Students

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WORLD BREASTFEED WEEK 2015?...(RAMANUJAM “AMMUTHAM”)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: Case study shows that International Mother’s day being celebrated every year on different themes to focus the importance of motherhood, child, breastfeed etc. In the year 2015, World Breastfeed week being observed from August 1 to August 7.

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. WORLD BREASTFEED WEEK 2015?...(RAMANUJAM “AMMUTHAM”). Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):93-100]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 15

doi:10.7537/marsroj070815.15

Keywords: Case study; Mother’s day; motherhood, child, breastfeed week

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