Report and Opinion
(Rep Opinion)
ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online),
doi prefix:
10.7537, Monthly
Volume
10 - Issue 2, Cumulated 104, February
25,
2018
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CONTENTS
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No.
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Titles /
Authors /Abstracts
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Full Text
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No.
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1
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Dirichlet - Multinomial Model:
Its Mixture And Application Using Bayesian Approach
1
Department Of Statistics, Federal University Of Technology,
Akure, Nigeria
[akomolafe01@yahoo.com]
2National
institute for educational planning and administration, Ondo
[seunyusuf2015@gmail.com]
Abstract:
The distribution found by compounding dirichlet distribution
with Multinomial distribution give a better distribution than
each of them performing individually in terms of the estimates
of their characteristics. We provide a comprehensive description
of the mathematical precision of the distribution along with its
efficient, consistence and flexibility behavior. The usefulness
of Dirichlet-Multinomial model was illustrated using real data.
Keyword: Dirichlet
Distribution, Standard Error, Generalized Variance, Mean Vector
and Dirichlet-Multinomial Model |
Full Text |
1
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2
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The role of online
Learning in education
Ali Rahdar and
Morteza Azizi
Mahabad
Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
E-mail:
alirahdar572@yahoo.com
Abstract:
In its original form, teachers using
distance education traveled to remote sites and taught a class,
or corresponded with students through mail, telephone, or fax
machine. Individualized study has been a method of reaching the
remote student for some time. Detailed course instructions are
sent to the learner who performs the assigned tasks and returns
the completed work to the teacher for evaluation and
reassignment if necessary. rural women take different
responsibility and roles such as producers of crops, ranching
and keeping poultry, children education, housekeeping,
supervising family economy and managing it, collecting firewood,
weaving carpet, so illiterate women who haven’t possibility to
utilize mass media properly too, wouldn’t able to do their
duties and roles and also wouldn’t be affective to develop rural
societies. So importance of education is very critical for rural
women especially extensional educations. Approximately in most
UN reports, women has been considered as greatest deprived group
at human societies, while at global level, about two third of
all affairs is done by women. But only one third of all recorded
affairs relates to women. And also just 1% of proceeds of
estates and assets of world belong to women and two third of
illiterates of world are women, however they form 50% of
workforce at agriculture part and they produce half of foods at
all over the world.
[Ali
Rahdar and Morteza Azizi.
The role of
online Learning in education.
Rep Opinion
2018;10(2):16-23]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205
(online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
2.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.02.
Keywords:
education, online Learning |
Full Text |
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3
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Effect of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Immune Status in Poultry:
A Review
Eman R. Hassan1, Nagwa S. Rabie1 and Mona
S. Zaki2
1Poulatry
Diseases Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
2Hydrobiology
Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
nagwasrabie@hotmail.com
Abstract:
The use of antibiotics becomes important to treat and protect
broiler from microbial diseases. There is a relationship between
hazard of pathogenic diseases and antibiotic used in poultry
production. The Prebiotics and probiotic are known as antibiotic
alternatives in poultry. Prebiotics, are non-digestible feed
ingredients that have the ability to enrich or support the
growth of single or multiple species of beneficial organisms in
the gastrointestinal tract. Prebiotcs include essential oils,
plant extracts, spices, and organic acids. Probiotics are means
as live microorganisms confer a health benefit on the host
(broiler, turkey, and layers). Lactic acid bacteria, bacillus
spores, and yeasts are the main groups of probiotic. The
combination of probiotics and prebiotics is called synbiotics.
Synbiotics are used for the synergistic improvement in reducing
pathogen colonization in poultry by enhancing pre-harvest
microbiological safety. Enhancement of the epithelial barrier,
increase adhesion to intestinal mucosa, competitive exclusion of
pathogenic microorganisms, and inhibition of pathogen adhesion
production of antimicrobial substances are the major mechanisms
of action of probiotics. Probiotics and prebiotics could
modulate the systemic antibody response to antigens in chickens
Moreover, the administration of probiotics results in the
secretion of cytokines and changes in lymphoid cells in the
chicken gut, which may lead to enhanced immunitytopathogenic
diseases.
[Eman
R. Hassan, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki.
Effect of
Prebiotics and Probiotics on Immune Status in Poultry: A Review.
Rep
Opinion 2018;10(2):24-28]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN
2375-7205 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
3.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.03.
Keywords:
Poultry, Coccdiosis, Probiotics |
Full Text |
3
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4
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Patience
as a Mediator between the Just World Belief and Subjective
Well-being
Wang Jinya, Li Tsingan, Deng
Jianjun
Institute of Developmental
Psychology, Beijing Normal University,
Beijing 100875, China
tsingan@126.com
Abstract:
As one of the fundamental topics
in positive psychology, subjective well-being is essential to
individuals' mental health and quality of life. The current
study was designed to explore the association between the just
world belief, patience
and subjective well-being,
and to examine the potential mediating role of patience between
just world belief and subjective well-being. Two hundred and
twenty-six college students in the capital city of China
completed the Just World Belief
Questionnaire, Buddhist Patience
Questionnaire, and
measures of
subjective well-being. The
results indicated
that (1) just world belief had a significant positive relation
with subjective well-being; (2) patience was positively
correlated with both just world belief and subjective
well-being; (3) patience partially mediated the relationship
between just world belief and subjective well-being.
Overall, the
results revealed a possible path through which subjective
well-being can be promoted.
[Wang
JY,
Li
TA,
Deng
JJ.
Patience as a Mediator between the Just World Belief and
Subjective Well-being. Rep Opinion
2018;10(2):29-35].
ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
4.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.04.
Keywords:
Just world belief; subjective well-being; patience; Buddhism |
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Aeromonas Infection in Avians
Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh
Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Division,
National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
zeinabgirh@hotmail.com
Abstract: The genus Aeromonas is a
Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium. Most
members of the genus are mesophiles with an optimal growth
temperature of 28°C. Some Aeromonas can grow at temperatures
ranging from 4°C to 42° C, the capacity to grow at such extreme
temperatures varies among strains and seems to be closely
related to the source of isolation, or to environmental
adaptation. Aeromonas isolates are belonged to 3 major groups;
A. caviae group includes A. caviae, A. eucrenophila and A.
media, A. hydrophila group includes A. hydrophila and amotile
biogroup of A. salmonicida while A. sobria group includes A.
sobria and A.veronii. The incidence of infection in Egypt
reached to 25% with high morbidity. In other countries the
infection reached to 86%. The induced pathology and virulence of
organisms resulted from many factors including stress responses.
A. hydrophila which adhere to epithelial cells are believed to
colonize, produce lesions, therefore the interaction with the
epithelial cells is the first step towards pathogenicity. The
pathogenicity is associated with the liberation of virulence
factors and cell associated endotoxin. The detection of the
presence of such virulence factors is a better indicator of the
potential risk for their pathogenicity. In12 day-old chicken
embryos and adult Japanese quail A. hydrophila causes
depression, ruffled feathers after 2 days post inoculations,
severe diarrhea, emaciation, no specific lesions were observed
after post mortem (PM) examination. Only congestion and friable
livers were evident. In chickens it causes gastrointestinal
disturbance. Post mortem lesions showed general congestion of
all carcasses. In severely emaciated cases the lesions were
confined to the intestine, which is filled with watery fluid and
distended with gas. Infected chicken organs showed focal
coaggulative necrosis in liver with mononuclear cells
infiltration. Experimentally infected chicks with A. hydrophila
were died acutely, while chicks died late demonstrated a
transitory period of depression characterized by ruffled
feathers and pasty vent before death. The organism was also
isolated in pure culture from a pet parrot with bilateral
conjunctivitis. A. hydrophila was reported to be the cause of
the acute death of aviary canaries, and was also isolated in
pure culture from a toucan with acute nephritis. In Ostrich the
infection associated with severe necrotizing enteritis and
septicemia in 10-yr-old male, while in commercial turkeys; Flock
morbidity ranges between 10%-30% and mortality 1%-5%.
Aeromoniasis is characterized by high morbidity and lower
hatchability, under body weight with bad feed conversion.
Susceptibility Patterns of A. hydrophila to antimicrobial agents
varies to be more sensitive to gentamyicin, kanamyicin,
chloramphenicol and tetracycline while resistance to ampicillin
and penicillin. Diagnosis of Aeromoniasis in Avian is based on
isolation and identification of pathogens. Detection of
pathogenicity of the isolated strains in vitro and in vivo
condition is an important step is dot ELISA and ELISA technique
act as another efficient method in diagnosis of disease. The
prevention and control of the disease is based on isolation and
treatment of infected cases beside the hygienic measures in
drinking water and addition of probiotic in ration.
[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh. Aeromonas Infection in Avians. Rep
Opinion 2018;10(2):36-40]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN
2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.05.
Keywords: Aeromonas; Infection; Avians; ampicillin;
penicillin |
Full Text |
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6
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A Review on Phenol Toxicity: Environmental and Health
Implications
Precious A. Enyeribe, Chioma Wekhe,
Susan Okparanta
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science
and Technology, Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P. M. B.
5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State
tubsky@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Phenol toxicity: environmental and health implications was
reviewed. Phenol is an aromatic compound with a hydroxyl
substituent. It is found extensively in the effluents of
refinery, coke plant, paint, and textile industries. It is used
as: an antiseptic and a raw material for some industries. This
review shows that it is toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. It
may cause endocrine dysfunction, liver dysfunction, intestinal
disorder, gene mutation, cancer, reduced growth rate, skin rash,
mouth sores and so on. It is also toxic to the aquatic habitat.
Phenol persists in water for days and in the sediments for weeks
before it is biodegraded.
[Enyeribe, P. A., Wekhe, C. and
Okparanta, S.
A Review on Phenol Toxicity: Environmental and Health
Implications.
Rep Opinion
2018;10(2):41-45]. ISSN
1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
6.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.06.
Keywords:
Phenol, toxicity, effect, aquatic habitat, persistency,
biodegradation |
Full Text |
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Sea Worthyness Of Coastal Planked Canoes In Nigeria
E Ambrose, A Francis٭ and O. Olopade*
Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environmental management,
University of Uyo, PMB 1017 Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
*Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Corresponding E-mail Address:
eyoambrose@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The paper reported on the assessment of sea worthyness of
planked canoes used in Nigerian coastal waters and ways for
further development. Result showed that; the cubic size of the
canoes ranging between 2.27m3 and 51.5m3
gave ample working space aboard; at load water line, the ratio
of freeboard to draft was 2:1 indicating reserved buoyancy for
safety. The transom at the stern provides attachment point for
out board engine motorization,. The initial drag and
hydrodynamic resistance are low due to short water line level
and trim by stern. Stability is enhanced by its ‘weight low
down’ construction technology, which makes the bottom to be
heavier than the upper parts. The planked canoes represent the
climax of small scale fishing craft development in Nigerian
coastal waters. Future modifications of hull forms should take
into consideration the introduction of deck machinery and
increased level of motorization to match the sea condition and
new fishing gears. Preservation and maintenance measures to
increase the useful life span of the wooden canoes are
proffered.
[E Ambrose, A Francis and O. Olopade.
Sea Worthyness Of Coastal Planked Canoes In Nigeria.
Rep Opinion
2018;10(2):46-49]. ISSN
1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
7.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.07.
Keywords:
Sea worthyness, Planked canoes, Coastal, Cubic size,
Motorization. |
Full Text |
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8
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Effects Of Sea Piracy
Insurgent On Nigerian Fishing Industry
1Ambrose,
Eyo and 2Nwaka, Sampson
1Department
of Fisheries and Aquatic Environmental Management, University of
Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Nigeria.
2Department
of Fisheries Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Nigeria.
Corresponding author Email:
eyoambrose@gmail.com
Abstract:
The
effects of recent resurgence of marine piracy off the coast of
Nigeria was investigated. Sea Piracy and hijacking of vessels
have devastating effects on fishing operations and maritime
trade/ transportation.
Nigeria lose up to US$ 600 million in export earnings due to
piracy attacks to its fisheries.
This has led to the
killing and maiming of crew men thus making the highly
productive areas in our marine waters totally inaccessible.
The overall objectives of this work was to identify the economic
causes and consequences of modern day sea piracy on Nigerian
fishing industry and economy,
however a consensus on the primary economic causes of piracy
does not exist. It investigates whether variables such as a lack
of employment opportunities, particularly in the fisheries
sector, are a causal factor of sea piracy. The study revealed
that insurgency is a manifestation of corruption, poverty,
inequality and inability of the government to effectively
utilize oil wealth to develop the nation. The result also showed
that, the year, 2012 recorded the highest number of attack (140)
while the highest number of deaths (15) occurred in 2010.
Financial loss to the nation was highest in 2012, corresponding
to the highest incident of attack. These led to several
fishing companies going into limbo to the extent that only eight
(8) out of forty (40) Companies with only 122 out of 250 fishing
vessels (trawlers) are currently in operation. The issue of
piracy and armed robbery at sea has contributed immensely to
this drastic reduction and if allowed to continue will lead to
total collapse of the Nigerian fishing industry.
[
Ambrose, Eyo and Nwaka, Sampson.
Effects Of Sea Piracy Insurgent On Nigerian Fishing Industry.
Rep Opinion
2018;10(2):50-54]. ISSN
1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
8.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.08.
Keywords:
Sea piracy, Maritime, Fisheries, Ransom, Sustainable |
Full Text |
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9
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Review On The Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Foot And Mouth Disease
Vaccine
Belege Tadesse1, 2
1University
of Gondar, College of Veterinary medicine and animal sciences,
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and public health, Gondar,
Ethiopia. PO. Box. 196
2Amedguya
Sheep Breed Improvement and Multiplication Center, North Shoa,
Ethiopia
tadessebelege@gmail.com
Abstract:
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most economically
devastating diseases affecting cloven-hoofed livestock
worldwide. It is among the widespread endemic diseases in
Ethiopia. The control strategies for FMD vary between countries
based on status
of the disease in the country, the financial and technical
ability of the country.
Vaccination is an effective method of control of FMD especially
in FMD endemic countries but its effectiveness is not evaluated
routinely. This seminar is done with the objective of
reviewing approaches to veterinary vaccine efficacy evaluation.
Although present conventional foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
vaccines can prevent clinical disease, protection is short lived
(∼6 months), often requiring frequent revaccination for
prophylactic control. Monitoring of the field effectiveness of a
vaccination program is important for the control of FMD by
vaccination. Some of the methods used for this purpose include
challenge studies; randomized control trials; observational
studies and serological studies were discussed under this
review. Recommendations are made for the development of
effective FMD control program and maintaining the efficacy of a
FMD vaccine and effectiveness of a vaccination program.
[Belege
T.
Review On The Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Foot And Mouth Disease
Vaccine.
Rep Opinion
2018;10(2):55-61]. ISSN
1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
9.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.09.
Keywords:
Efficacy, FMD, FMDV, Vaccine |
Full Text |
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10
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The Neuroprotective effects of taurine in toxicity induced by
pyrazinamide in rat’s brain
Shohreh Taziki 1,2*, Mehrdad Jahanshahi2,
Elyasi leila2
1
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine,
Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
2
Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of
Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
*Corresponding author: Shohreh Taziki, Tel:01732421651, Email:dr_sh_taziki@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Pyrazinamide is a widely used drug for the treatment of
tuberculosis (TB). Hepatotoxicity attributed to anti-TB drugs
such as PZA is the most common of all adverse effect leading to
PZA discontinuation in many patients using PZA. Although decades
of use and large number of patients exposed to PZA worldwide,
pathogenesis underlying toxicity is poorly understood in other
tissue.
The results of many studies indicates the protective effects of
taurine against several drug-induced multiple organ injuries in
several animal models. Taurine, a conditionally essential amino
acid, exhibits membrane stabilizing, and plays significant role
as antioxidant to remove or inactivate free radicals as well as
with several proposed roles in neurotransmission, and
neuromodulation.
The primary objectives of this study were to investigate the
mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by PZA in hippocampus.
Apoptosis and oxidative stress process in hippocampus were
evaluated. Also the protective effects of taurine as an
antioxidant were studied.
[Shohreh
Taziki, Mehrdad Jahanshahi, Elyasi leila.
The Neuroprotective effects of taurine in toxicity induced by
pyrazinamide in rat’s brain.
Rep Opinion
2018;10(2):62-67]. ISSN
1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
10.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.10.
Keyword:
Taurine, Tuberculosis, pyrazinamide, Toxicity |
Full Text |
10
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11
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Life and Quantum Research
Literatures
Ma Hongbao, PhD
Brookdale
University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
11212, USA
ma8080@gmail.com
Abstract:
Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical entities
that do have biological processes, such as signaling and
self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either
because such functions have ceased, or because they never had
such functions and are classified as inanimate. Various forms of
life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea,
and bacteria. The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or
may not define viruses, viroids, or potential artificial life as
living. Biology is the primary science concerned with the study
of life, although many other sciences are involved. In physics,
a quantum is the minimum amount of any physical entity involved
in an interaction. The fundamental notion that a physical
property may be "quantized" is referred to as "the hypothesis of
quantization. This means that the magnitude of the physical
property can take on only discrete values consisting of integer
multiples of one quantum.
[Ma
Hongbao, PhD.
Life and Quantum Research
Literatures.
Rep Opinion
2018;10(2):68-94]. ISSN
1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/report.
11.
doi:10.7537/marsroj100218.11.
Key words:
cancer; life; research; literature; cell |
Full Text |
11
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The manuscripts in this issue
were presented as online first for peer-review, starting from
February 7, 2018.
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