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Impact of frying and grilling on pesticide residues in Egyptian freshwater fishes

Doha A. Salah Eldin¹, Shahat A. Ahmed², ¹Laila A. Mohamed¹, ¹Waleed S. Soliman¹ and Abdelgayed M. Younes¹

¹ Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre, Egypt.

² Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

dr.doha61@yahoo.com

Abstract: The research amid to estimate the effect of frying and grilling on the concentration of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid residues in the meat of two of mostly consumed freshwater fishes in Egypt (Nile tilapia and catfish) from three locations (El-Hawamdeyya, El-Marioteya and Kafr-Elsheikh). The study revealed that the dominant organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid residues in the raw fish meat were Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), methyl parathion and cypermithrin were detected in both fish species and from the three locations. Frying caused significant losses in the concentrations of most of examined pesticides and the biggest losses was observed for heptachlor epoxide in catfish from El-Hawamdeyya and Es-fenvalerate in catfish from Kafr-Elsheikh by 100% loss while, grilling the dominant reduction was observed for methoxychlor in Nile tilapia from El-Hawamdeyya by 61%. The levels of pesticides detected in the raw fish were low and did not exceed the maximum permitted levels expect for methyl parathion, diazinon, ethyl parathion, deltamethrin for catfish samples from Kafr-Elsheikh and cypermithrin for fish samples from El-Hawamdeyya. Frying still reduced the content of pesticide residues in fish meat and improving its quality than grilling.

[Doha A. Salah Eldin, Shahat A. Ahmed, Laila A. Mohamed, Waleed S. Soliman and Abdelgayed M. Younes. Impact of frying and grilling on pesticide residues in Egyptian freshwater fishes. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):1-12]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.01.

Key words: Pesticides, Nile tilapia, Catfish, Fry, Grill, Egypt

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Emerging issues relating to environmental changes in India and World

Siddharth Kumar Jha¹, Dr. Ashish Kumar Singhal², Prateek Tripathi³, Sakshi Sonal⁴

ICFAI Law School, ICFAI University, Dehradun

drashishsinghal08@gmail.com

Abstract: Environment is something without which no one on this earth can sustain. It is of two type’s i.e. physical environment which includes land water and air; and botanical environment which includes plant animals and other organism. Both are inter-dependent, but due to industrialization, urbanization, explosion of population, disruption of natural ecological balances and destruction of animals and plants for economical reasons it has been affected badly. In order to protect it, there is a need for appropriate legislation which would be able to protect the environment. This paper aims at analyzing the various existing environmental legislations in India and the consequential effectiveness thereof. In achieving this aim, this paper will be focusing on Indian legal system with contextual deviations to explore the historical evolution thereof. In India there is no scarcity of legislation on environmental protection but its enforcement is far from satisfactory. We have constitutional provisions also in article 48A & 51A (g), pursuant to which many public interest litigation has been filed against many industries for failing to provide adequate pollution control and against pollution control boards to direct the industries to ensure pollution control. Although we have sufficient legislations but the material thing is that they are not able to control the pollution. The pollution is increasing day by day in spite of that there are many laws to stop it. For this purpose government should set up an adjudicatory body which should consist of legal as well as technical experts. A nation cannot develop unless it is caring for regulating and protecting the environment by providing rational sustainable laws.

[Siddharth Kumar Jha, Ashish Kumar Singhal, Prateek Tripathi, Sakshi Sonal. Emerging issues relating to environmental changes in India and World. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):13-19]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.02.

Keywords: Environmental law, DPSP, Fundamental duty, Destruction of natural creatures, Pollution

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The Most Significant Failures When Al Turned Rogue, Causing Disastrous Results

Manjunath. R

#16/1, 8th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India

Email: manjunath5496@gmail.com

*Website: http://www.myw3schools.com/

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (sometimes called machine intelligence) is a part of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines with generalized human cognitive abilities that work and reacts like intelligent beings. Artificial intelligence has made a major breakthrough in the processes, including learning (the acquisition of information for using the data), reasoning (using rules to reach definite conclusions) and self-correction -- and advancements are accelerating to present a range of new functionality for businesses. But nothing in this world can be made perfect; hence everything accompanies some notable failures and fallacies in them. Here we list some of the significant AI failures from the last decade that hint that the companies need to work harder and keep coming up with better and improved versions of their innovations.

[Manjunath. R. The Most Significant Failures When Al Turned Rogue, Causing Disastrous Results. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):20-22]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.03.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Computer; Programming; Failure; Algorithm; Weak AI; Strong AI

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A Cross Sectional Study On The Prevalence And Possible Risk Factors Of Bovine Fasciolosis In And Around Gozamen District Northwest Ethiopia

Samuel Abie

Gozamen woreda Live-stock and fishery resource management and development office, Gozamen, P.o.box. 101, Deber-markos, Ethiopia, Samuelab4@gmail.com

Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2018 to April, 2019 in and around Gozamen district, Northwestern Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and to identify the associated risk factors. Simple random sampling was used to select the study animals and coprological examination using sedimentation technique was applied for the recovery of fasciola eggs from freshly collected faecal samples. Out of 384 faecal samples examined, 87 (22.66%) were found positive for bovine fasciolosis. The prevalence of bovine Fasciolosis was higher in local breed cattle (26.22%) than cross breed cattle (12.24%). Similarly, the prevalence of the disease in young and adult cattle was 26.96% and 21.36%, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the two breeds and age groups. The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in female and male cattle was 14.85% and 31.32%, respectively. The highest prevalence of fasciola infection was observed in poor body conditioned animals (26.70%) followed by medium body conditioned animals (20.44%). Whereas, the lowest prevalence of the disease was observed in good body conditioned animals (14.29%). There was also statistically significant difference among in different body conditioned animals and between two sexes (p<0.05). The prevalence of the disease was highest in extensively managed animals (26.45%) in relative to semi intensive (13.95%) and intensive management system (9.09%). And also there was statistically significant difference among the three management systems (p<0.05). Therefore, this study indicated that bovine Fasciolosis is becoming one of the major cattle health problems in and around Gozamen district. Accordingly, farmers should be advised and educated regarding to the reduction of the disease and its intermediate host and also strategic use of de-worming and treatment, appropriate grazing management in the study area should be practiced.

[Samuel Abie. A Cross Sectional Study On The Prevalence And Possible Risk Factors Of Bovine Fasciolosis In And Around Gozamen District Northwest Ethiopia. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):23-30]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.05.

Key words: Bovine, Coprology, Fasciolosis, Gozamen, Prevalence, sedimentation

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The Most Significant Failures When Al Turned Rogue, Causing Disastrous Results

Manjunath R

manjunath5496@gmail.com

Abstract: The applications for artificial intelligence are countless and John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." The study and design of intelligent agents -- where an intelligent agent is a system that becomes aware or conscious of its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success -- can be applied to many different sectors and industries including computer science, psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, operations research, economics, control theory, probability, optimization and logic. The simulation of human intelligence in machines is being tested and used in the maintenance or improvement of health industry for dosing drugs and different treatment in patients, and for surgical procedures in the hospital operating room.

[Manjunath R. The Most Significant Failures When Al Turned Rogue, Causing Disastrous Results. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):31-33]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.05.

Keywords: Most; Significant; Failure; Al Turned Rogue; Disastrous; Result

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A study of post independent Indian society as portrayed in Nissim Ezekiel’s plays

Sanjana Antil

Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of English and Foreign Languages, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergrah, (Indian)

Email: sanjnaantil01@gmail.com; Contact No. +91-8607852700

Abstract: Ezekiel‟s poetry seems to be a comment on the Indian social scenario where he tries to present “what”, “how” and “why” of the various aspects of Indian society. He not only tries to highlight the social facts and problems which Indians face because of their poverty, superstitions, squalor etc. but also expresses his deep admiration for the Indian spiritual values. But the admiration for the Indian spiritual values does not mean that he is not aware of the degradation or perversion of the social, moral and spiritual values in the Indian society. He is equally attentive to them as they lead the society to the way of spiritual hypocrisy. Ezekiel‟s India can be highly individual; at times it can also be subjective to the point of being quirky. However, his own gift for telling detail and reference emerges from his outstanding understanding of the society. What is the most amusing fact of his observation is that his observation does not involve the rejection of the aspects of Indian society and life. He sometimes adopts critical language for India. He criticizes her because he loves her. Even the language of Ezekiel‟s poems contains a large amount of “Indian” English. The colloquial language and the frequent use of present tense features the use of “Indian English” by the native Indians. The two are the very prominent features of Indianness in Ezekiel‟s poetry. His poems like “Very Indian Poems in Indian English”, “The Patriot”, “The Professor” and many other such poems work as a subtle comment on English and the way it is used for communication in Indian society.

[Sanjana Antil. A study of post independent Indian society as portrayed in Nissim Ezekiel’s plays. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):34-38]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.06.

Keywords: Nissim Ezekiel’s plays, Post Independent, Indian society

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Immune and Immunonutrition

Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

Broadway, New York, NY 10036, USA, markmark888@gmail.com

Abstract: The immune system is a biological structures to protect the organism from disease. The immune system detects a wide variety of agents and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy things. The immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system and adaptive immune system, or the humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Immunonutrition can be defined as modulation of either the activity of the immune system, or modulation of the consequences of activation of the immune system, by nutrients or specific food items fed in amounts above those normally encountered in the diet.

[Mark Herbert. Immune and Immunonutrition. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):39-50]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 7. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.07.

Keywords: immune system; immunonutrition; immunology; innate; adaptive

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A New Algorithm for Recommender System by clustering Items based on Stability of User Similar

Sajad Manteghi¹, Zakiye Bozorgvari²

¹ Islamic Azad University, Yasooj Branch, MA Student in Sciences and Researches Branch, Teacher of Education in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province

² Employee in Education Office of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province

manteghisajjad@yahoo.com

Abstract: Recommendation systems can help people to find interesting things and they are widely used with the development of electronic commerce. Many recommendation systems employ the collaborative filtering technology, which is proved to be one of the most successful techniques in recommender systems in recent years. Gradual increase of customers and products in E-commerce systems, the time consuming nearest neighbor collaborative filtering search of the target customer in the total customer space resulted in the failure of ensuring the real time requirement of recommender system. At the same time, it suffers from its poor quality when the number of the records in the user database increases. Sparsity of source data set is the major reason causing the poor quality. To solve the problems of scalability and sparsity in the collaborative filtering, we proposed a personalized recommendation approach joins the user clustering technology and item clustering technology. Users are clustered based on their ratings on items, and each users cluster has a cluster center. Based on the similarity between target user and cluster centers, the nearest neighbors of the target user can be found and smooth the prediction where necessary. Then, the proposed approach utilizes the item clustering collaborative filtering to produce the recommendations. The recommendation joining user clustering and item clustering collaborative filtering is more scalable and more accurate than the traditional one.

[Sajad Manteghi, Zakiye Bozorgvar. A New Algorithm for Recommender System by clustering Items based on Stability of User Similar. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):51-57]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 8. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.08.

Keywords: recommender systems, collaborative filtering, user clustering, item clustering

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 New interaction patterns in language classrooms

Arash Alavi

M.A. Candidate, Department of English, University of Ankara, Turkey

asdazx0123@yahoo.com

Abstract: IRF sequences have been examined profusely before and were reported to be negatively correlated with participation opportunities (Barnes, 1992; Cazden, 1986; Ellis, 1994). In all these studies, IRFs have been considered as a static and inflexible interaction patterns. Based on video- taped data from ten English classes, which were analyzed within conversation analysis framework, this study uncovers a modified version of IRFs labeled as ISRF sequences. ISRFs have been shown here to destroy even those very limited learning opportunities which IRFs could offer. The finding implies that teachers must totally exclude ISRFs sequences from their practice.

[Arash Alavi. New interaction patterns in language classrooms. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):58-63]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 9. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.09.

Keywords: conversation analysis framework, classroom interaction, IRF sequences, ISRF sequences

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The role of online Learning in improving education

Sharareh Khodamoradi ¹ and Mohammad Abedi²

¹ Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,

Tehran, Iran

²Department of Agricultural Management, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran

*Corresponding author: abedi114@yahoo.com

Abstract: In its original form, teachers using distance education traveled to remote sites and taught a class, or corresponded with students through mail, telephone, or fax machine. Individualized study has been a method of reaching the remote student for some time. Detailed course instructions are sent to the learner who performs the assigned tasks and returns the completed work to the teacher for evaluation and reassignment if necessary. Technology has raised the quality of individualized distance instruction. The use of various forms of electronic media increases time effectiveness and improves the delivery of information. Video, audio, and computer-based applications may enhance the product received by the independent learner. Electronic delivery can occur using synchronous communication, in which class members participate at the same time, or asynchronous communication where participants are separated by time.

[Sharareh Khodamoradi and Mohammad Abedi. The role of online Learning in improving education. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):64-68]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 10. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.10.

Keywords: online Learning, education

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Experimental study to compare the effects of Gradation, Additives and Filler Materials on performance of CIR Mixes

Kamran Muzaffar Khan ¹, Faizan Ali ², Tahir Sultan ³, Shiraz Ahmed ⁴, Afaq Ahmed ⁵

^1* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan. kamran.muzaffar@uettaxila.edu.pk

^{2, 4*} Research Associate, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan. faceuet@hotmail.com

³ Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, BZU Multan, Pakistan. chtahir786@hotmail.com

⁵ Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan.

afaq.ahmad@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: Road transport is one of the major components in economic and social development of a country, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. In Pakistan, 95% of the total freight movement throughout the country takes place through roads. Infrastructure development is one of the costlier processes and consumes a lot of national budget and then to maintain the infrastructure, again a considerable budget is required. There are various maintenance and rehabilitation techniques developed so far, with the modernization and new construction mechanical instruments and machines developed, cold recycling is a new, environmentally friendly and cost effective rehabilitation technique. The performance of Recycled mixes is still unknown as the recycled pavements behaves differently at different temperatures and in different regions of the world. Laboratory investigation of various stabilizing agents and recycling agent and amount of RAP and New Aggregates to be used is yet to be analyzed. Hence this research work is a step forward to investigate the laboratory performance of fillers and stabilizing agent on the properties of Cold Recycled mixes. Anionic emulsified bitumen is used as recycling agent and OPC is used as Stabilizing agent with certain amount of steel slag and marble waste is used as fillers in place of RAP in this research, and their performance is compared by Modulus of Resilience, Uniaxial Repeated Load Test (Static Creep) and Indirect Tensile strength Tests. The mixes containing 100 % RAP shows high Modulus of Resilience but mixes containing steel slag showed more resistance to permanent deformation in Uniaxial Repeated Load Strain test.

[Kamran M.K, Faizan A., Tahir S., Shiraz A., Afaq A. Experimental study to compare the effects of Gradation, Additives and Filler Materials on performance of CIR Mixes. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):69-78]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 11. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.11.

Keywords: Road Transport, Infrastructure Development, Maintenance and Rehabilitation technique, recycling, stabilizing agent, fillers, Anionic Emulsified bitumen, RAP, Modulus of resilience, Creep.

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A comparative study of the rule of unjustified enrichment in Egypt and Iran

Nasrin Alipour

PhD student in Jurisprudence and Private Law, University of Tehran KHARAZMI, University

Email: alipour_nasrin2010@yahoo.com

Abstract: An unfair acquisition or using without any reason has been accepted as a new source of commitment. In foreign law and in the Romeo- Germanic system it was positioned beside contract and civil responsibility of fault. This rule that nobody can be prosperous on another's loss had been a moral rule that find its way in the legal system. The entrance of this rule into the legal system was due to the lack of specific solution in the quarrels that occurs between demanding and demanded. And the demanded hasn’t done any fault but it was unfairly on the loss of wealthy demanding. The moral and fair foundation of this rule caused this rule to be accepted in most of the legal systems. Although In Egyptian and Iranian law there is no source for accepting this rule but for confirmation of this law some lawyers have used the foreign and Islamic Law. By studying and applying a comparative analysis of this rule in Iran and Egypt in a historical framework and also of its foundation which is an independent organization and the consequences of this rule we can understand that it has been coined for the sake of bridging the gap of legal rights in the Romeo- Germanic system.

[Nasrin Alipour. A comparative study of the rule of unjustified enrichment in Egypt and Iran. Rep Opinion 2019;11(6):79-85]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 12. doi:10.7537/marsroj110619.12.

Keywords: Possessing- obligation- Civil Responsibility- withdrawal

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