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Basics of Gambia Monsoon Time Scale: A review and revisit

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  Monsoon means a periodic seasonal reversing winds patterns in atmospheric circulation accompanied by climate and weather changes according to the year-to-year changes of movement of the Earth on its axial tilt (obliquity) between approximately 22.1 and 24.5 degrees to its path and revolves around the Sun in accordance with the Milankovitch cycles. Therefore, not only the countries in the tropical and subtropical regions, but also those wind patterns blowing in the countries in the polar regions should be considered monsoons. I proposed and designed the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales for all global, regional, local monsoon systems along with every country of the world for unraveling the mysteries; studying the characteristics of dynamics mechanisms and exercising the benefits of mankind and development.  According to the researches and studies on the Monsoon Time Scales, it is come to know that there will be severe climate changes and natural calamities in the coming years "i.e"  heavy rains, floods and storms etc. will occur until about 2075 and there will be droughts and famines etc. until about 2150. Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of climate changes and natural calamities. Plans can be made accordingly. As a part of them, the Gambia Monsoon Time Scale was proposed and designed by me in 1991 to study climate changes and natural calamities in advance. I call on world scientists to establish the Gambia Monsoon Time Scale  following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice and  break down the mysteries of the Gambia  monsoon.    

[Gangadhar. Basics of Gambia Monsoon Time Scale: A review and revisit. Rep Opinion 2025;17(9):1-68]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 01. doi:10.7537/marsroj170925.01 

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Geoscope systems (1980-87); Global Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Nature Cyclic Pattern Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope systems (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

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Possibility of using concentration of suspended solids as an indicator to measure microbial quality of plants wastewater effluent

Gholamreza Mostafaii¹, Mohammad Bagher Miranzadeh¹, Rouholla Khodadadi¹, Leila Iranshahi¹, Hammed Mohammadi², Roya  Nateghi³, Jafar Asgari Arani⁴   

¹ Department of Environmental Health Eng, Faculty of  Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; ² Department of Environmental Health Eng, Faculty of Health, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran; ³ Department of Environmental Health Eng, Faculty of  Health, zanjan University of Medical Sciences, zanjan, Iran; ⁴ Department of English Language, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

rkhodadadi7712@gmail.com

Abstract: Given the shortages of available water, specially for agricultural purposes, wastewater reuse prevents contamination of water as well as partially solving the current water shortage problems.This study aimed to determine the quality of wastewater effluent from the wastewater treatment plants (WTP) at Kashan University of  Medical Sciences using the relationship between Total Suspended Solids )TSS( with Total Coliform )TC(, and Fecal Coliform )FC) for agricultural use. All samples were taken from the sanitary WTP effluent at Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Standard methode were used for physiochemical and biological analysis of  TSS, TC and FC. Results indicated that the value of  R2 between TSS –FC and TSS – TC,  regressions were; 0.78  and  0.79, respectively also, P-value was found less than 0.001 for the regressions in both cases. Therefore values of TC and FC could be estimated based on TSS parameter.Based on the results of present study a significant correlation between TSS, TC and FC parameters was observed in WTP effluent.

[Mostafaii  Gh,  Miranzadeh  MB,  Khodadadi  R, Iranshahi  L,  Mohammadi  H,  Nateghi  R,  Asgari Arani  J. Possibility of using concentration of suspended solids as an indicator to measure microbial quality of plants wastewater effluent.   Rep Opinion 2025;17(9):69-9]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 02. doi:10.7537/marsroj170925.02

Keywords: wastewater  treatment plant; Fecal coliforms; Total coliforms; Total Suspended solids

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LAW & ETHICS OF ORGAN DONATIONS IN ISLAM

DR. SANA SHEIKH

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Motivational and Inspirational Quotes Collection (2002), http://www.inspirational-quotes.info/ (last visited on Feb. 2, 2011).

sanashaikh@gmail.com; Ssanaa86@aol.com

ABSTRACT: Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. stated, “many ideas grow better when transplanted into another mind than in the one where they sprung up”.[1]  The issue of human organ donation and transplantation continues to present a vexing problem for ethicists, philosophers, the medical profession, economists, politicians, jurists, religious leaders and academia.  Many convincing arguments have been put forth for and against the “commoditization of the human body.”  The consistent unbalance between the availability of organ donors in comparison to those in need has once again moved this issue to the forefront of social dialogue.  The development and advancement of medical procedures and the increased accessibility in Muslim countries to such procedures has also brought this topic to the forefront of Islamic debate.  To thoroughly understand the problems posed by organ donation and transplanting in the Muslim community, an analysis of the underlying principles is warranted.

[DR. SANA SHEIKH. LAW & ETHICS OF ORGAN DONATIONS IN ISLAM. Rep Opinion 2025;17(9):1-9]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 01. doi:10.7537/marsroj170925.03

Keywords: Ethics in Islam; Organ Donations; Laws for Organ donations; Islam and Organ Donations

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