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SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CURRENT HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS AMONG HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS ATTENDING A HOSPITAL IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

¹Dibia, C. S., ¹Frank-Peterside, N., ¹Cookey, T. I., ¹Onyedibia, G., ²Okonko, B. J. & ¹Okonko, I. O.

¹Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria

²Medical Microbiology & Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Corresponding author: constance_smith@uniport.edu.ng

ABSTRACT: The human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important opportunistic pathogen that accelerates disease progression in HIV-infected individuals globally, which contributes to a high rate of morbidity, mortality, HIV acquisition and disease progression. This qualitative cross-sectional study analysed plasma samples from 93 HIV positive subjects visiting a health institution in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study aimed to investigate the burden and associated factors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) co-infection among HIV-infected individuals in Rivers State. Plasma samples were screened via serology for the presence of specific HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA kits. Socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed statistically using frequency tables, charts and Chi-square where applicable. Of the 93 subjects, only 4(2.20%) were seropositive for HCMV IgM antibodies. No statistical association existed between the prevalence of HCMV IgM antibodies and the most socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education, occupation and marital status), except for Religion and ART use (2.2%), which were significantly associated. Low prevalence of HCMV IgM antibodies was found in the age group 25-44 years (1.08%), both genders had 1.08% each, married ones 3(1.61%), no education (1.08%), employed (1.08%), Christians (2.20%) and ART use (2.20%). The low seropositivity of HCMV IgM antibodies in this study is an indication that there is an active HCMV infection among the study population, although not high, which still necessitates the need for serological evaluation in all HIV-infected individuals to avoid the spread of HCMV coinfection.

[Dibia, C. S., Frank-Peterside, Cookey, T. I., N., Onyedibia, G., Okonko, B. J. & Okonko, I. O. SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CURRENT HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS AMONG HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS ATTENDING A HOSPITAL IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA. Rep Opinion 2026;18(7):1-6]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 01. doi:10.7537/marsroj180726.01

Keywords: HCMV; HIV; Coinfections; IgM; ELISA; antibodies

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Establish the Indian Monsoon Time Scale and break out the mysteries of the Indian monsoon

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: There are many mysteries and unsolved issues in the monsoonal climate and Weather systems that cannot explain and solve. I proposed and designed the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales for all world global, regional, local monsoon systems along with countries for unraveling the mysteries of climate, weather, monsoons; studying the characteristics of mechanism of climate, weather and monsoons and exercising the benefits of mankind and development of monsoonal climate and weather sciences.  According to the researches and studies on the Monsoon Time Scales, it is known that there will be major global climate changes in the coming years "i.e"  heavy rains, floods and storms etc. will occur until about 2075 and there will be droughts and famines etc. until about 2150. Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of the climate changes. Plans can be made accordingly. So, scientists can establish the Monsoon Time Scale and predict what is going to happen in the monsoonal climate in the coming years roughly. I call on the world scientists to design and establish the Monsoon Time Scales following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice. Indian monsoon is a key system in  global monsoon systems. I have conducted many scientific researches on this monsoon system  and as a part these researches, I proposed and designed the Basics of Indian Monsoon Time Scale  which can help to study the past, present and future movements & conditions of the Indian  monsoon. In the current year 2022, the pre-path of Indian summer monsoon was traveling upwards and reached to the 29th June. Below this, the main-path of Indian summer monsoon also traveled upwards parallel to the pre-path of Indian summer monsoon with a difference of about 30 days and reached to the 29th July, As it moves further up, changes in the climate are likely increasing and there are more chances of heavy rains and floods in the coming years.

[Gangadhar. Establish the Indian Monsoon Time Scale and break out the mysteries of the Indian monsoon. Rep Opinion 2026;18(7):7-88]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 02. doi:10.7537/marsroj180726.02   

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still) 

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