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HAEMONCHOSIS IN SHEEP: A REVIEW

Eyachew Ayana

Bahirdar Animal Health Investigation And Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O. Box 70, Bahirdar, Ethiopia

eyuelayana83@gmail.com

Abstract: Small ruminants are an integral part of the livestock sector of the economy and the mainstay of livelihood of the majority population especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, the economic benefits remain marginal chiefly due to prevailing disease. Among the parasites of sheep and goats that restraint the survival and productivity of small ruminants is H. contortus being of overwhelming significance and is one of the most pathogenic helminths belonging to gastrointestinal strongylids affects sheep. High economic impact is seen in sheep and goats in tropical and warmer temperate countries especially where there is good summer rainfall. It is blood sucking parasite of the ovines and caprines. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors determine the survival of Haemonchus contortus and the development of the disease in the animal. In general, control of gastrointestinal nematode infestation in sheep relies heavily on anthelmintic treatments. However, the indiscriminate use of these drugs has led to the widespread emergence of drug resistant strains of parasites that has necessitated the development and use of various parasite control methods such as grazing management, biological agents and vaccines and the selection of resistant breeds of animals with or without moderate use of anthelmintics. The ultimate goal of such control programs is to enhance productivity, while minimizing risks regarding drug resistance and consumer and environmental concerns. This review attempts to highlight the different methods employed in the control of haemonchosis in sheep and the practical limitations associated with both control programs and the internal and external factors associated with the parasite and its microenvironment.

[Eyachew Ayana. HAEMONCHOSIS IN SHEEP: A REVIEW. Rep Opinion 2026;18(9):1-9]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 01. doi:10.7537/marsroj180926.01

Key words: Haemonchus contortus; biological control; bottle jaw; sheep; anaemia

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Psycological Realism in 19^th Centaury Novel

Bhupinder  Kaur

W.no 10, H. no 327, Gurdiyal Singh colony, Indri Karnal-132041 (Haryana)

Email-jagnoor9253471593.JS@gmail.com

Abstract: Psychological realism is a literary movement that emerged in the 19th century, transforming the landscape of English literature. It focuses on exploring the intricate workings of the human mind, delving into the emotions, thoughts, and motivations of characters in a novel. This article delves into the concept of psychological realism, its historical roots, its impact on English literature, and offers an in-depth analysis of a notable work in this genre, alongside a comprehensive list of references.

[Bhupinder  Kaur. Psycological Realism in 19^th Centaury Novel. Rep Opinion 2026;18(9):10-12]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 02. doi:10.7537/marsroj180926.02

Keywords: Psycological Realism; 19^th centaury; novel

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India is currently entering the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” : Assessing its impacts & strategies on the industries and manufacturer and its allied services and sectors

Gangadhar

H. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  What is the future of India's monsoonal climate changes and natural calamities going to be like in the coming years and decades?  Here is an important point to bring to the notice of Indian governments, scientists, engineers, officers, farmers, people, and various sectors, schemes, and plans, just like the present subject, the Industries and Manufacturers sectors to be aware of one thing.  According to the Indian Monsoon Time Scale, invented by me, India is currently rapidly entering the throes  of the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era.” As a result, India is going to be plagued by heavy rains and floods until around 2070. These conditions now rose and peaked around 2045 and then began to subside by 2070. However, this does not mean that floods occur in all years. There are more flood years and fewer drought years. I have conducted extensive studies on all aspects of the monsoonal climate changes that are going to occur in the coming years and decades and the catastrophic situations that will arise in the broader sectors, plans, schemes, etc. just like the present  Industries and Manufacturers sectors due to these monsoonal climate changes that are likely to occur in the coming seasons, and based on these studies, I have made some suggestions regarding the preventive strategies that need to be adopted in accordance with those circumstances. Therefore, if there are any useful aspects in these proposals, the Industries and Manufacturers sectors can take them into consideration and implement them more effectively.             

[Gangadhar. India is currently entering the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era”: Assessing its impacts & strategies on the industries and manufacturer and its allied services and sectors. Rep Opinion 2026;18(9):13-170]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 03. doi:10.7537/marsroj180926.03             

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

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