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Diversity of Woody and Non Woody Forestry Species in Budaun District of Uttar Pradesh, India

Hukum Singh¹, Amit Verma², Rajesh Kumar³, Bhavana Joshi⁴, and Desha Meena⁵

1. Climate Change and Forest Influences Division, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest- Dehradun - 248001, Uttarakhand, India.

2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,  Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145- India

3. Taxonomy and Herbarium Discipline, Department of Botany, Bareilly College, Bareilly- 243005, Uttar Pradesh, India.

4. Botanical Survey of India, Central Region, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211 002, India

5. Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetic Division, Institute of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding, R. S. Puram, Coimbatore-641 002, Tamil Nadu, India.

hukum@icfre.org

Abstract: A wide-ranging field assessment was carried out with aim to observe the diversity of plants species including tree, shrub and herb together with woody and non woody forestry species. The survey was conducted in Budaun District, Uttar Pradesh, India during 2005 to 2007 with special focused on forestry tree species. Geographically, the District is located at 28°2'23"N 79°7'12"E. It has an average elevation of 169 meters. The rainfall is normal and this place belongs to the tropical region of western Uttar Pradesh. Average temperature is approximately 30°C. In this study, total 58 plants species were recorded covering 32 families. Out of 58 species, 34 species were belonged from tree families while 19 shrub families whereas 3 from herb and 2 from grass families. The total number of species, genera and families were highest observed for trees followed by shrubs, herbs and grass species. In terms of species distribution Moraceae and Caesalpinaceae were found to be the most dominant family in tree species; Solanaceae in shrub species; Poaceae in grass species whereas in case of herb species, Mimosaceae, Cannabinaceae and Amaranthaceae were found to be the leading family. The survey of this study concluded that the plant material including tree, shrub, herb and grass can be used for planking, paneling, carriages, furniture, and carpentry of all kinds and traditional medicinal purpose which will promote forest conservation and plant diversity research through extensive survey, aforestation, reforestation and forest rehabilitation. Apart from this, in future, study will be utilized as a reference of plant species distribution and availability in Budaun District Uttar Pradesh India.

[Hukum Singh, Amit Verma, Rajesh Kumar, Bhavana Joshi, and Desha Meena. Diversity of Woody and Non Woody Forestry Species in Budaun District of Uttar Pradesh, India]. Researcher. 2011;3(12):1-7]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.01

Keywords: Budaun, plant species diversity and woody and non woody forestry species.

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Participatory Disease Surveillance Of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) In Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria.

Mwapu Dika Ndahi and Ayi Vandi Kwaghe^* 

Livestock Department and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Area 11, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.

hyelni_vandi@yahoo.com, avshuntayi@gmail.com

Abstract: Participatory epidemiology is an emerging field that is based on the use of participatory techniques for harvesting qualitative epidemiological intelligence contained within community observations, existing veterinary knowledge and traditional oral history. In the course of this study,  different techniques of participatory disease surveillance(PDS) such as simple ranking, proportional piling, seasonal calendar, mapping, transect walk and interview with key informants with the use of check list as a guide was applied in order to acquire data in randomly selected 20 villages in Mangu local government area of Plateau state. Analysis of data indicated that the most dominant livestock specie in this study area are local chickens (poultry). The various poultry diseases occurring in these communities were identified and New Castle Disease (NCD) happens to be the most important disease of poultry based on this study. Free range poultry management system is what is being practiced in all the villages where the study was conducted. Ethno veterinary medicine is very much in practice in the study area. There was absence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in all the villages where the study was carried out. Some of the challenges encountered by these farmers include diseases, difficulty in getting access to feed due to their limited income and lack of good poultry housing. The use of participatory disease surveillance proved to be a useful tool to collect reliable data that can be utilized for the control/eradication of poultry diseases in Plateau state.

[Mwapu Dika Ndahi, Ayi Vandi Kwaghe. Participatory Disease Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) In Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Researcher. 2011;3(12):8-14]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.02

Key Words: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, participatory epidemiology, participatory disease surveillance, simple ranking, seasonal calendar, mapping, proportional piling, transect walk, Key informants

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STUDY OF THE MANUFACTURING PARAMETERS AFFECT THE FABRICATION OF NANO AND MICRO COMPOSITES

Dr.eng Hebatalrahman, A*

Consultant in materials sciences & materials applications, Egypt ⁽¹⁾

hebatalrahman11@yahoo.com; hebatalrahman@naseej.com

Abstracts: In this research the fabrication quality parameters of micro and nano composites will be mentioned. The manufacturing parameter such as temperature, pressure, and cooling rate were studied. Poly methyl metha acrylate reinforced by fiber glass was considered as case study in the current work. The effect of fiber size (length to diameter ratio) and fiber volume fraction were evaluated. The fabrication temperature of the composite was evaluated. The factors affecting the heating rate such as power, volt and furnace efficiency were studied. At the end of research, the results and discussions explain the main parameters affecting fabrication of nano and micro composites.

[Dr.eng Hebatalrahman, A. STUDY OF THE MANUFACTURING PARAMETERS AFFECT THE FABRICATION OF NANO AND MICRO COMPOSITES. Researcher. 2011;3(12):15-16]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.03

Key words: Nano, Composite, thermoplastics, temperature, pressure, cooling rate, manufacturing, techniques

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FEASIBILITY STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL UNIT FOR PREPARATION AND RECYCLING OF MARBLE & GRANITE  WASTES

Dr.eng Hebatalrahman,A ⁽¹⁾

Consultant in materials sciences & materials applications, Egypt⁽¹⁾

hebatalrahman11@yahoo.com; hebatalrahman@naseej.com

Abstract: In these work, Industrial unit for treatment of marble and granite wastes by physical methods was designed.  It treats both wet and dry wastes. After treatment, wastes are used as filler or reinforcement for composite materials industries. Metal molds are used in manufacturing for good surface finish and dimension stability. The molds have heaters and gas cooling system. Heating and cooling rates depends on the properties required in the final products. Final products have different shapes, properties, dimensions, thicknesses, lengths and colors. The unit treats the wastes of the natural marble and granite with all of their types and preparing them in a physical way in order to preserve their characteristics and keep them valid as products. The general characteristics of the product were tested, the objectives of recycling process of marble and granite were established, market analysis and competition factors were studied, the manpower and expected job opportunities were evaluated. The economical feasibility study for the case study in Egypt  was done, capital cost, working  costs, operation costs, direct and indirect costs were calculated. Expected risks and crisis are evaluated. Results depends on the case study were taken into account. General conclusions and recommendations  are mentioned.

[Dr.eng Hebatalrahman, A. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL UNIT FOR PREPARATION AND RECYCLING OF MARBLE & GRANITE  WASTES. Researcher. 2011;3(12):17]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.04

Key words: feasibility study, wastes, marble, granite, recycling, preparation

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Identification of Bacillus subtilis subsp subtilis “RA-29”, a Congo Red Decolourizer using 16S rDNA Sequencing

Arun Kumar¹, Rajesh Sawhney^2*

^1. Department of Biotechnology, Bhojia Institute of Life Sciences, Budh, Baddi. Distt. Solan (H.P) 173205, India

^2. Department of Microbiology, Bhojia Institute of Life Sciences, Budh, Baddi. Distt. Solan (H.P) 173205, India

sawhneyrajesh@yahoo.com, arunkaran84@yahoo.com

Abstract: A gram positive aerobic bacillus “RA-29”, isolated from the garden soil, in the vicinity of an industrial town, was able to decolourize congo red azo dye (88.26%) under static condition of incubation. The optimization studies were performed to determine the optimal pH and temperature for maximal decolourization of the dye by UV-vis analysis. The maximum decolourization percentage was calculated as 95.67% at pH (8.0) and temperature (37⁰C) after 60 hours of incubation at 50 ppm congo red concentration. Identification of the isolated strain “RA-29” was performed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The RA-29 strain was phylogenetically positioned in the genus Bacillus. The nucleotide alignment and distance matrix showed S_ab score of the strain as 0.999 with closest relation to Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis ZH10 (NCBI accession no. HM103330). RA-29 was grouped as Bacillus subtilis subsp subtilis (NCBI, accession no. JF 901735). The work highlights an efficient decolourization of congo red by Bacillus subtilis RA-29 from aqueous solution. Since most azo dyes are recalcitrant to aerobic degradation by bacterial cells, the organism could be a valuable tool to develop commercially viable bioremediation technology to remove azo dye from dye contaminated aqueous ecosystem under microaerophilic/static incubation conditions.

[Arun Kumar, Rajesh Sawhney. Identification of Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis “RA-29”, a Congo Red Decolourizer using 16S rDNA Sequence. Researcher. 2011;3(12):18-22]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.05

Keywords: Decolourization; azo dye; congo red; bioremediation; Bacillus subtilis; 16S rDNA sequence

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Exploitation Systems of Hevea Trees Amongst Smallholders in Nigeria

Omo-Ikerodah, E. E., * Ehika, S.N., Egharevba, O., Waizah Yakub., Mokwunye, M.U.B., Orimoloye J. R.

Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 1049, Iyanomo, Benin City.

* Corresponding author: E-mail: eomoikerodah@yahoo.com.

Abstract: It is estimated that about 18 million hectares of land is suitable for the cultivation of natural rubber in Nigeria. This area of land is mainly located in the rainforest Zone, the abandoned traditional, nontraditional and marginal rubber growing area of the Country. Nigeria has about 247,000 hectares of land under natural rubber cultivation. Smallholdings (usually 1 - 5 ha) account for between 75 - 85 % of the total land area planted to rubber, while the remainder is held by the estate plantation. Production estimate is around 90,000 metric tones per annum. The rubber industry plays a socioeconomic role in providing employment, rural development and foreign exchange for the Country. This paper reports on the exploitation systems practiced in Nigeria with a view of not only providing a database for the rubber industry, but also identifying the gaps to be filled in order to develop a suitable exploitation system for the Nigerian rubber farmer. The paper concludes that it is possible to improve the present production output of the smallholdings by adopting low intensity tapping systems with stimulation, enlarged tapping task, coupled with planting of high yielding and disease resistant clones.

[Omo-Ikerodah, E. E., Ehika, S.N., Egharevba, O., Waizah Yakub., Mokwunye, M.U.B., Orimoloye J. R. Exploitation Systems of Hevea Trees Amongst Smallholders in Nigeria Researcher. 2011;3(12):23-29]. (ISSN: 1553-9865)

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.06

Key words: Hevea brasiliensis, exploitation systems, smallholders, Nigeria

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^* Some Nigeria Students’ Performance in Practical and Theoretical Chemistry Tests as Predictors of their Performance in MOCK-SSCE Chemistry Examinations

Emmanuel E. Achor¹, PhD, ²Peter O. Agogo², PhD and Christopher A. Orokpo³

1&2. Department of Curriculum & Teaching, Benue State University, Makurdi-Nigeria;*

 e-mail: nuelachor@yahoo.com

3. Benue State Science and Technical School Management Board, Makurdi-Nigeria

Abstract: This study adopted the expost facto design in which the results of some Nigeria students’ practical knowledge of Chemistry and their tests of theoretical knowledge of Chemistry were used to predict their performance in MOCK-SSCE Chemistry. The Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) is a terminal examination while the internal or State qualifying examination set after the pattern of SSCE is called MOCK-SSCE. Out of 33 schools in Ogbadibo LGA of Benue State Nigeria, only 15 schools met the requirements for selection as a science secondary school. Eight of these schools with a science student population of 128 were randomly selected and used as sample for this study. The instruments used for this study were the students’ alternative to test of practical knowledge of Chemistry (SATPKC) and the students’ tests of theoretical knowledge of Chemistry (STTKC). These instruments developed by the researchers had reliabilities of 0.94 using Kuder Richardson (K-R₂₁) for SATPKC and .89 for STTKC.  Using multiple regression analysis the result shows that students’ performance in a test of theoretical knowledge in Chemistry does not significantly predict their performance in MOCK-SSCE Chemistry theory examination. SATPKC could not significantly predict MOCK-SSCE mean practical scores. The over all relationship between SATPKC, MOCK-SSCE practical and MOCK-SSCE theory was not significant (F_{2, 127} =1.644, p> .05). STTKC could not significantly predict mean MOCK-SSCE practical examination scores. Similarly, the overall relationship between STTKC, MOCK-SSCE practical and MOCK-SSCE theory mean scores was not significant (F_{2, 127} = .177, p> .05). It was recommended that Principals of schools should ensure that science students carry out their lesson on practical weekly and at the same time relating it to theory as it will go a long way to enhance their performance during practical test. Similarly, school Principals and science teachers should ensure that theoretical aspect of Chemistry should be handled with all seriousness since it is as important as the practical aspect also.

[Emmanuel E. Achor, Peter O. Agogo, Christopher A. Orokpo. Some Nigeria Students’ Performance in Practical and Theoretical Chemistry Tests as Predictors of their Performance in MOCK-SSCE Chemistry Examinations. Researcher. 2011;3(12):30-37]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.07

Keywords: Practical chemistry, alternative to practical, Chemistry performance, Chemistry achievement, MOCK-SSCE, Benue State Examination Board.

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Ameliorative Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Aflatoxin-Induced Genotoxicity and Spermatotoxicity in Male Albino Mice

Darwish, H. R.^a; Abdel-Aziz, K. B.^a; Farag, I. M. ^a; Nada, S. A^.c; Amra, H.^d and Tawfek, N. S.^b

^a Cell Biology Dept., National Research Centre,  El- Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.; ^bZoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Minia Uni., Egypt; ^c Pharmacology Dept., National Research Center, El-Tahrir Street,  Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.; ^d Food Toxicology and Contaminants Dept., National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.

hr_darwish@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aflatoxins (AF) are an unavoidable food contaminant and produce a disease state known as aflatoxicosis. and they have carcinogenic, mutagenic, hepatotoxic and teratogenic effects (Davis and Diener, 1978) and disruption of spermatogenesis is one of its serious consequences. Reducing its toxicity in vivo is of major interest. In this study we assessed the potential protective effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) against AF in male Albino mice. Four experimental groups were used, each comprising 30 mice; control group, Sc-treated group (4 × 108 CFU), AF-treated group (0.7 mg/kg b.w.), and a group given Sc two hours before AF intoxication. Chromosome aberrations in bone marrow and spermatocytes were recorded; as well as mitotic and meiotic activities. Also, sperm parameters were evaluated. The results revealed that aflatoxin administration increased statistically the frequencies of structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in bone marrow and in spermatocytes. In addition, mitotic and meiotic activities of somatic and germ cells were declined significantly. Also, AF caused a high significant reduction in cauda epididymal sperm count, sperm motility and increased sperm abnormalities, as compared to control. Cytogenetic analyses revealed that Sc administration before AF gavage significantly reduced frequencies of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow and spermatocytes, also recovered mitotic and meiotic activities as well. Moreover, gavage Sc before AF intoxication caused significant recovery in all sperm parameters studied. In conclusion, Sc was found to be safe and successful agent counteracting the genotoxicity induced by AF, in addition to reduction in spermatotoxic alterations.

[Darwish, H. R.; Abdel-Aziz, K. B.; Farag, I. M.; Nada, S. A; Amra, H. and Tawfek, N. S. Ameliorative Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Aflatoxin-Induced Genotoxicity and Spermatotoxicity in Male Albino Mice. Researcher, 2011; 3(12): 38-45]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.08

Keywords: Aflatoxin, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, chromosome, spermatocytes, sperm

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Risks Concerning Work in Building Materials Industries (Case Study of Marble and Granite Mining Region in Tora)

Hebatalrahman, A

Consultant in materials sciences and materials applications, Egypt

hebatalrahman11@yahoo.com      hebatalrahman@naseej.com

Abstract: The research addresses the risks related to building materials industries.  Workers are exposed to risks in construction and building sites in general. As well as the risks connected with the manufacturing of marble and granite as one of building materials industries are discussed in the current work. It is considered as one of the feeding industries in the construction sector. Marble and granite mining area in Tora (Shak Elsoban) is considered as case study in these research. The risks that workers are exposed to in the site area are studied and analyzed with focus on the effect of these risks on the economies of the industry, which in turn affect the building materials industry. Study  and analysis of identification and legalization of the risks related to working sites according to the practical are done. The study are depends mainly on  the reality of the statistic data available  about accidents and injuries types and effects. The research ends  with a package of conclusions and recommendations which establish clear strategies to limit  the risks of such an important industry with taking into account the economical factors.

[Hebatalrahman, A. Risks Concerning Work in Building Materials Industries (Case Study of Marble And Granite Mining Region in Tora)] Researcher, 2011;3(12):46-56]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.09

Key words: risks, building materials, mining industries, pollution, wastes

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The effect of loss of p27 and Cdk2 on cell cycle progression in response to ultra-violet irradiation in mouse embryo fibroblasts

EimanAleem

Alexandria University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Biology, MoharramBey 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.

eiman.aleem@gmail.com

Abstract: Solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the most important environmental carcinogen leading to the development of skin cancer. UVC causes predominantly DNA damage to cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular UV response remains to be elucidated. It has been previously reported that UV radiation results in cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, which may or may not be p53-dependent. Other proteins involved in DNA damage pathways induced by UV radiation include AKT and ERK. Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and some of their inhibitors regulate not only cell cycle progression but play also a role in apoptosisand DNA damage repair. We have previously demonstrated that Cdk2 is required for Myc-induced apoptosis and for cytotoxicity induced by cisplatin in kidney cells. However, the role of Cdk2 during UV irradiation has not been elucidated. Recently, p16^INC4a and p27^KIP1have been suggested to be key targets in the ATR-dependent signaling pathway in response to UV damage. However, how p27 regulates the response to UV irradiation is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the role of Cdk2 and p27 in UV-induced cell cycle arrest. To achieve this goal genetically modified mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Cdk2 or p27 were used in the present study and three processes were investigated (1) The effect of UV irradiation on unsynchronized MEFs, (2) The effect of UV irradiation on cell cycle progression after synchronization by serum starvation, and (3) protein expression and activity after UV irradiation of unsynchronized MEFs. It was found that p27 and cdk2 are required for apoptosis induced by UV. The molecular mechanism underlying this may be due to the increased expression, phosphorylation and activation of AKT (a survival factor) in the p27-/- and cdk2-/- MEFs in comparison to wild type (WT) MEFs. Similarly, the inhibitory tyrosine 15 phosphorylation of Cdk1 was upregulated in the p27-/- and cdk2-/- MEFs in comparison to wild type (WT) MEFs. The overall data from the present study provide clues towards understanding the role of p27 and cdk2 in inducing growth arrest and apoptosis by UV radiation.

[EimanAleem. The effect of loss of p27 and Cdk2 on cell cycle progression in response to ultra-violet irradiation in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Researcher. 2011;3(12):57]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.10

Keywords: cyclin-dependent kinase 2, p27^KIP1, UVC, cell cycle, Checkpoint kinase 1, AKT, Cdc25C

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Prognostic Significance of Progenitor Cell Markers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Mona Ahmed Ismail and Sherin Mohamed Hosny*

Department of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine*, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

Abstract: Background: Until now the prognostic significance of flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been controversial. The decision whether patients with AML should receive a more intensified therapy has been made according to defined risk categories based mainly on genetic criteria. Unfortunately no specific chromosomal abnormalities are found in about half of the patients. So additional prognostic factors are needed. Aim of work:  The aim of the current work  was  to investigate prognostic value of progenitor cell markers CD34, CD38 and CD90 expression on AML blast cells at initial diagnosis, and to correlate this expression with known prognostic parameters as well as with the clinical outcome.  Patients &Methods: This work was conducted on 80 patients with de novo AML meeting World Health Organization criteria for AML, FAB subtype M0-M5 were included. The levels of progenitor markers were determined by FCI, corresponding cytogenetic results were obtained, appropriate follow-up information were analyzed. Results: Sixty one percent, 82.5% and 35% out of 80 patients were positive for CD34, CD38 and CD90 respectively. No differences in expression were found in different FAB subtypes and cytogenetic risk groups. Cut off values were calculated with values ≥38 for CD34, ≥55 for CD38 and ≥52 for CD90. A significant high resistance to induction therapy and poor outcome were observed in patients with increased progenitor cell expressions. Conclusion: Progenitor cell markers are sensitive indicators as regard response to therapy and clinical outcome in patients with de novo AML. Therefore, their determination should be taken into consideration when designing therapeutic regimens.

[Mona Ahmed Ismail and Sherin Mohamed Hosny. Prognostic Significance of Progenitor Cell Markers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Researcher. 2011;3(12):58]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.11

Keywords: prognostic; cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI); acute myeloid leukemia (AML); progenitor markers

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Propolis protects against methotrexate induced hepatorenal dysfunctions during treatment of Ehrlich carcinoma

Mohamed O. T. Badr, Nariman M.M Edrees, Amany A.M Abdallah, Mohamed A. Hashem ,

Nasr A.M.N. El-Deen , Ahmed N F. Neamat-Allah & Hager T.H Ismail

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Alzeraa Street Postal Code 44511, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt. drosamabadr@yahoo.com

Abstract: Two hundred and fifty female Swiss mice were used to study the ability of Egyptian propolis to protect methotrexate induced dysfunction to liver and kidneys of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). They equal divided into 5 groups: 1^st kept as negative control, 2^nd were implanted intraperitoneally with 2.5×10⁶ EAC and kept as positive control and, 3^rd implanted intraperitoneally with 2.5×10⁶ EAC and treated with propolis by dose (50 mg/kg body weight) were given by gastric intubations 2 hours prior to the intraperitoneal injection of EAC,4^th implanted intraperitoneally with 2.5×10⁶ EAC and treated with methotrexate by dose (0.4 mg/kg body weight) and 5^th implanted with the same count of the EAC cells and treated with combination of propolis and methotrexate(50 mg/kg body weight and 0.4 mg/kg body weight) for eleven successive days . Antioxidant analysis revealed a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) and an increase in malondialdhyde (MAD) in second and forth groups, the opposite in third group, while fifth group showed reverse in antioxidant level toward the normal control group. Biochemical analysis of serum showed that implantation of EAC in Swiss mice without treatment revealed a significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels without change in globulin level and a significant increase in creatinine level and ALT, AST activities, while the third group that received propolis  revealed an improvement in these biochemical parameters compared to the normal control group. Forth group revealed a significant increase in ALT, AST activities and creatinine level and decrease in total proteins, albumin and globulin while fifth group revealed amelioration of these parameters and confirmed with histopathological examination of liver and kidneys.

[Mohamed O. T. Badr, Nariman M.M Edrees, Amany A.M Abdallah, Mohamed A. Hashem, Nasr A.M.N. El-Deen, Ahmed N F. Neamat-Allah & Hager T.H Ismail. Propolis protects against methotrexate induced hepatorenal dysfunctions during treatment of Ehrlich carcinoma. Researcher. 2011;3(12):59]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.12

Keywords: Protective, EAC,Biochemical, Egypt, Propolis, Methotrexate,Trexan, ALT, AST and Creatinine

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Synergistic anti-tumour effect of propolis against Ehrlich carcinoma

Mohamed O. T. Badr, Nariman M.M Edrees, Amany A.M Abdallah, Mohamed A. Hashem,

Nasr A.M.N. El-Deen, Ahmed N F. Neamat-Allah & Hager T.H Ismail

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Alzeraa Street Postal Code 44511, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt. drosamabadr@yahoo.com

Abstract: Two hundred and fifty female Swiss mice were used to study the ability of Egyptian propolis to protect methotrexate induced dysfunction to liver and kidneys of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). They equal divided into 5 groups: 1^st kept as negative control, 2^nd was implanted intraperitoneally with 2.5×10⁶ EAC and kept as positive control and, 3^rd implanted intraperitoneally with 2.5×10⁶ EAC and treated with propolis by dose (50 mg/kg body weight) was given by gastric intubations 2 hours prior to the intraperitoneal injection of EAC,4^th implanted intraperitoneally with 2.5×10⁶ EAC and treated with methotrexate by dose (0.4 mg/kg body weight) and 5^th implanted with the same count of the EAC cells and treated with combination of propolis and methotrexate (50 mg/kg body weight and 0.4 mg/kg body weight) for eleven successive days . Increasing mean survival time (MST), increasing life span (ILS %) and treated vs. positive control (T/C %) in the all treated group with increased of the body weight, volume of ascites fluid, total number of EAC cells, viable % cells and decreased of dead% cells in second group while in 3,4 and 5 groups which treated by trials of propolis ,methotrexate and combination of the two compounds  respectively, revealed decreasing in body weight, volume of the ascites fluid, total number of EAC cells  and the percentage of life cells. Histopathology revealed that least degree of malignancy was in combination group where malignant cells became smaller and showed less degree of malignancy and apoptosis.

[Mohamed O. T. Badr, Nariman M.M Edrees, Amany A.M Abdallah, Mohamed A. Hashem , Nasr A.M.N. El-Deen , Ahmed N F. Neamat-Allah & Hager T.H Ismail. Synergistic anti-tumour effect of propolis against Ehrlich carcinoma. Researcher. 2011;3(12):60]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.13

Keywords: Protective, EAC,Biochemical, Egypt, Propolis, Methotrexate,Trexan

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Land Suitability Analysis for Different Crops: A Multi Criteria Decision Making Approach using Remote Sensing
and GIS

 
A. A. Mustafa1, Man Singh1, R. N Sahoo2, Nayan Ahmed3, Manoj Khanna1, A. Sarangi1 and A. K. Mishra1 and A. K. Mishra1

1. Water Technology Center, 2. Division of Agricultural Physics, 3. Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012 (Email: a_mustafa32@yahoo.com)

Abstract: Land evaluation procedure given by FAO for soil site suitability for various land utilization types has been used to assess the land suitability for different crops and for generating cropping pattern for kharif (summer) and rabi (winter) seasons in Kheragarah tehsil of Agra. Kheragarah tehsil suffers from many types of land degradation such as such as salinity, watelogging, ravines, degraded hills and rock quarries (AIS & LUS, 2000). The database on soil, land use/land cover was generated from data derived from IRS -P6 remote sensing satellite and soil survey to perform an integrated analysis in the geographic information system environment. Agricultural and non-agricultural lands were delineated using the Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) and non-agricultural areas were masked for removal from future analysis. Different soil chemical parameters and physical parameters were evaluated for different crops. Subsequently all of them were integrated using a multi criteria decision making and GIS to generate the land suitability maps for various crops. Kharif and rabi season cropping patterns maps were developed by integrating crop suitability maps for the winter and summer seasons separately. Results indicated that about 55 % is highly suitable (S1) for sugarcane and 60%, 54% and 48 % of the area are moderately suitable (S2) for cultivation pearl millet, mustard and rice respectively. 50 % of the area is found to be marginally suitable (S3) for growing maize. It was also found that better land use options could be implemented in different land units as the conventional land evaluation methods suffer from limitation of spatial analysis for the suitability of various crops.

[A. A. Mustafa, Man Singh1, R. N Sahoo, Nayan Ahmed, Manoj Khanna, A. Sarangi1 and A. K. Mishra and A. K. Mishra. Land Suitability Analysis for Different Crops: A Multi Criteria Decision Making Approach using Remote Sensing and GIS. Researcher. 2011;3(12):61-84]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.14

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Neutron shielding using Li₃BO₃/Epoxy Composite

Gh. Eid¹, M.M. El-Toony^*2, A.I Kany³, I.I. Bashter⁴, Eman S. A.⁵ and F.A. Gaber¹

¹National center for nuclear safety and radiation control, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt

²National center for radiation research and technology, Atomic energy authority, Cairo, Egypt

3Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

 ⁴Physics department, Faculty of Sciene, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

⁵National Institute of standards (NIS), Cairo, Egypt

^*toonyoptrade@yahoo.com

Abstract: This work aims to perform wall tiles for neutron attenuation through radiotherapy laboratories to protect patients and employee. Different ratios of micro-particles lithium borate were finally mixed with epoxy before hardener adding. It was found that the optimal percent of lithium borate 20% that preserving high mechanical properties. Thermal behavior proved the availability of the composite through wide range of temperature. Morphological structure showed homogenous pattern of the composite. Electrical conductivity illustrated very small changes with high dose of gamma irradiation reached to 200 kilo gray that approved their stability while it increased dramatically by raising the dose to 500 KGy. The composite carry out high shielding efficiency reached to 6.3 and 6.78 cm shielding thickness to reach to half value of the original neutron efficiency even with using 5 curry source (Americium–Beryllium) for total neutrons and non thermal one respectively. Low decrease of the shielding efficiency upon irradiation up to 500 Kilo gray of the composite for non-thermal neutrons which recommended effectively usage of the composite as neutron shielding. Durability of the composite has been investigated by examine the mechanical properties with irradiation dose.

[Gh. Eid, M.M. El-Toony, A.I Kany, I.B. Bashter, Eman S. A. and F.A. Gaber Neutron shielding using Li₃BO₃/Epoxy Composite]. Researcher. 2011;3(12):85-91]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.15

Key wards; epoxy, lithium borate, neutron, shielding, gamma ray, wall tiles

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Electrochemical Behavior and Corrosion Inhibition of Al and Al-Si Alloy in Inorganic Acidic Solutions

R. M. Abou Shahba¹, A. S. Ibrahim¹, W. A. Hussein¹ N. K. Shehata¹, and W. A. Ghanem²

¹Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

²Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI).Tepen, Cairo, Egypt

wallaahmed@yahoo.com

Abstract: The electrochemical behavior of pure Al and Al-3%Si alloy was studied in some inorganic acid solutions; H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HNO₃ and HCL, in absence and presence of some surfactants using open-circuit and potentiodynamic techniques. The evolution of the electrodes surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Al-3%Si electrode becomes passive with lower corrosion current density than pure Al electrode due to the higher Si, Fe and Ti contents. The addition of surfactants leads in all cases to the inhibition of the corrosion process. The results obtained indicated that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. Also, it was found that, sulfonic acid is more effective to inhibit the corrosion than sodium dodecyl sulphate. The inhibition process was attributed to the formation of adsorbed film on the metal surface that protects the metal against corrosive agents. The sigmoidal shape of  the adsorption isotherm confirm the applicability of Langmuir and Temkin equations to describe the adsorption process of the two surfactant tested in 0.1M of the used acid solution on the two aluminum electrodes.
[R. M. Abou Shahba, A. S. Ibrahim, W. A. Hussein, N. K.  Shehata,  and W. A. Ghanem. Electrochemical Behavior and Corrosion Inhibition of Al and Al-Si Alloy in Inorganic Acidic Solutions. Researcher. 2011;3(12):92-105]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 16

doi:10.7537/marsrsj031211.16

Keywords: aluminum; aluminum alloys; Corrosion; inhibition; polarization; Surfactant

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