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Evaluation of some facial biometric landmark from birth to maturity (Case Study: Shirvan city's population; North Khorasan; Iran)

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi¹*, Marouzi Parviz^2, Mousavinik Mozhgan³ and Shahghasemi Hamid Reza⁴

^{1, 4} Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

² Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

³Mahshad Branch, Islamic Azad university, Mashhad, Iran

E-mail: m_esmailzadeh@iau-shirvan.ac.ir (Corresponding Author)

Abstract: Statement of problem: Anthropometry is applied in medical profession such as maxillofacial surgery,growth and development studies, plastic surgery, bioengineering and non-medical branches such as like shoe-making and eye-glasses industries. Aim: The aim of this study was to assessment facial anthropometric Ratios in Iranian population (Shirvan city). Materials and Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted randomly on 564 boys from North Khorasan (shirvan), with normal face patterns. Facial and cranial ratios was estimated and compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The regression line and the growth coefficient were determined for each Parameter. Finally, the mean values of these parameters were determined. Pared t-test were used for statistic analysis. Results: Anthropometric results obtained from 4 to 11 years old boys residing in the city of Shirvan show that there is a special discipline in growth of different parts of face and skull. We reached formulas that may have a wide range of applications such as prediction of facial situation of an individual before or after his/her present situation. Such predictions can be helpful in forensic medicine, for instance in finding the lost kids. Reaching a normal range for face dimensions through studies about growth will play an important role in maxillofacial surgery and plastic surgery as well as in study of growth disorders. Conclusion: There are different factors such as ecologic, racial, age, and sex besides all genetic factors that influence the dimensions of human body and the way of its growth and development. Since the Iranian race is a compound one and consists of different races, and there are a wide variety of body dimensions in different parts of Iran, it is necessary to conduct more studies according to the geographical factors and the facial and skull anthropometric data shall be studied in different tribes of Iran. Obtaining an average for each of the variables in Iranian race, the anthropometry studies shall be conducted for different tribes.

 [Es,aeilzadeh M, Marouzi P, Mousavinik M, Shahghasemi H.R. Evaluation of some facial biometric landmark from birth to maturity (Case Study: Shirvan city's population; North Khorasan; Iran). Researcher 2013; 5(1):1-6]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.01

Key words: Anthropometry, Development, Face, Cranium, kurmanj population

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Effect of climate change on evapotranspiration in Egypt

Khalil A.A.

Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC)- Agricultural Research Center (ARC)-

Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation- Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

alaa_armka@yahoo.com

Abstract: Estimating Evapotranspiration (ET_o) is one of the first important step for calculating crop water requirements that has a special economic importance in rationalization of water consumption in the agricultural field under current and future climate conditions. The present work is mainly directed to discuss the spatial variation in evapotranspiration under climate change in Egypt. In this study the agrometeorological data were collected from 20 stations in the Nile valley and Nile Delta to determine the variation of evapotranspiration under current and future climate conditions. Moreover the Penman Monteith equation was used to calculate reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) according to the agrometeorological data. Their responses to future climate scenarios of 21^st century projected by the GCM (HadCM3) with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios (IPCC SRES) A1, A2, B1 and B2 emissions are investigated. The results show that under current climate Aswan region gave the highest (ET_o) in comparison with other regions and Damietta gave the lowest (ET_o). In general the average of the 20 stations, the evapotranspiration increased under climate change in comparison with control one. A2 scenario at 2100 gave the highest ET_o and B1 scenario at 2040 gave the lowest ET_o in comparison with other scenarios. This work reveals that water requirements will be increased under climate change conditions du to increase ET_o.

[Aiad, M.A. E-Sukkary, M.A. Hegazy, A. F. Essa and Sameh Said. Synthesis and Surface Properties of Some Prepared Cationic Surfactants. Researcher 2013;5(1):7-12]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.02

Keywords: Evapotranspiration (ET_o), Climate change seniors.

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Study of the Properties of Nanocomposite CdS -TiO₂ Synthesized by Sonochemical Route

J P Panda¹, G S Roy^2*

1. Saraswata Mahavidyalaya, Anantapur, Balasore,Odisha

2. Principal, Bhadrak Autonomous College Bhadrak, Odisha

gsroy2004@gmail.com

Abstarct: Nanostructured colloidal semiconductors with heterogeneous photocatalytic behavior have drawn considerable attention over the past few years. This is due to their large surface area, high redox potential of the photogenerated charge carriers, and selective reduction/oxidation of different classes of organic compounds. In the present paper, we have carried out a systematic synthesis of nanostructured CdS-TiO₂ via Sonochemical method. The structural and microstructural characterizations of the as-prepared CdS-TiO₂ nanocomposites are determined using XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. The visible light assisted photocatalytic performance is monitored by means of degradation of phenol in water suspension.

[J P Panda, G S Roy. Study of the Properties of Nanocomposite CdS -TiO₂ Synthesized by Sonochemical Route. Researcher 2013;5(1):13-15]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.03

Keywords: Nanocomposite, Nanocrystall, Surfactent

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Implementing Cooperative Learning in a Reading Class

Fatemeh Takallou¹, Soheila Veisi²

Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran

Payame Noor University, Kermanshah, Iran

f_takallou@pnu.ac.ir, soheilaveisi@yahoo.com

Abstract: A common teaching strategy in the language classroom is to assign students to work on a task in pairs or small groups. However, this has not always been the case in language classrooms in Iran. This study attempted to investigate how Cooperative Learning (CL) influences the reading comprehension of EFL learners. It also surveyed their attitudes toward CL. The study involved 46 university students in two intact classes. One was considered the experimental group (n=22), and the second (n=24) the control group. In the control group, reading tasks were carried out by students individually; in the experimental group, these tasks were carried out in pairs. The study lasted 12 sessions and involved the final exam as the post-test and an attitude survey which was administered in the last session. Results of the study showed that CL had an overall significant effect on students’ reading comprehension; however, both the high- and low-achievers in the experimental group expressed positive attitude toward cooperative learning. It seems that learners liked cooperative learning because they were able to progress at their own pace and, at the same time, contribute to others’ learning in such a supportive and encouraging learning context.

[Fatemeh Takallou, Soheila Veisi. Implementing Cooperative Learning in a Reading Class. Researcher 2013;5(1):16-23]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.04

Key words: cooperative learning, reading comprehension, attitude

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 Study on the effect of dietary probiotic bacteria Arthrobacter species, β-1,3 glucan and Moringa oleifera leaf on protection of Penaeus indicus Juveniles from pathogenic Vibrio harveyi

Amnah A.H. Rayes

Faculty of Applied Sciences. Umm Al- Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia

Amnaa_rayes_50@yahoo.com

Abstract: A strain of Arthrobacter sp., isolated from Penaeus indicus culture water was evaluated for potential use as a probiotic for shrimp Juveniles comparing with β-1,3 glucan and Moringa oleifera leaf protecting Penaeus indicus from pathogenic vibrios. In vitro studies demonstrated antagonism against V. harveyi. Penaeus indicus Juvenile divided into four groups 150 each with three replicates. First three groups supplied with Arthrobacter sp. (1x108 CFU/ml), β-1,3 glucan (10gm/kgm diet) and Moringa oleifera leaf (10mg/kg diet) were added to diet of shrimp for 4 weeks while 4^th group given a basal diet without any additives. During the 5 day after the experiment challenge experiment was started the shrimp Juvenile were reared in water with addition of V. harveyi. The cumulative mortality was recorded for the whole challenge experiment. Both Arthrobacter sp and β-1,3 glucan are able to protect the shrimp Juvenile from the pathogenic vibrios, Moringa oleifera leaves also can protect shrimps but Arthrobacter sp and β-1,3 glucan improve the non – specific immune response, weight gain, immunological and physiological state. Arthrobacter sp. can be regarded as a probiotic bacterium for the culture of shrimp while β-1,3 glucan and, Moringa oleifera leaf were considered as immunostimulants for cultured of shrimp Penaeus indicus Juvenile against pathogenic vibrios Juvenile.

[Amnah A.H. Rayes. Study on the effect of dietary probiotic bacteria Arthrobacter species, β-1,3 glucan and Moringa oleifera leaf on protection of Penaeus indicus Juveniles from pathogenic Vibrio harveyi. Researcher 2013;5(1):24-31]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.05

Keywords: Arthrobacter sp.; β-1,3 glucan; Moringa oleifera leaves; Penaeus indicus ; Vibrio; V. harveyi.; Probiotics

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Profiles Of School Going And Non-School Going Children In Education Zone Shangas (Anantnag) Kashmir

Aasia Maqbool

Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kashmir, J&K (India)

E-mail: shahrufeedah@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study was under taken to find out the number of Primary and Middle Schools functioning in the Zone Shangas Anathnag Kashmir, assess the extent of school going children in the age group of (6-14) years (Sex-wise, Age-wise), to assess the extent of out of school children in the age group of (6 to 14) years and to study the family back ground and parental education of out of school children. The data for the present study has been collected with the help of information blank and on the basis of door to door survey; the data was statistically analyzed on the basis of parentage. The study revealed that the number of primary and Middle Schools is 95 & 66 respectively. The extent of school going children in the age group of (6 to 14) years are 7131 and the extent of out of school children in the age group (6-14) years are 200. 50.07% of school going children in the age group of (6-14) years is males and 49.92% children are females. 52% out of school children are males and 48% children are females. 62.5% of out of school children belong the nuclear families and remaining 37.5% children belonged to the joint families.35% belonged to such families having monthly income less than 3000 rupees.42% belonged to such families having mixed type of houses. 24.5% belonged to such families having pucca type of houses.70% belonged to such families having illiterate parents. 28.33% of out of school children belonged to middle pass category of education of their parents. 29.5% belonged to the farmer. 1% belonged to cobbler.4.5% of out of school children are those having employed fathers and remaining 95.5 % are of unemployed fathers.52% are males and 48% are females.

[Aasia Maqbool. profiles of school going and non-school going children in education zone Shangas (Anantnag) Kashmir. Researcher 2013;5(1):32-39]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.06

Key words: Demographic profile, school going, non-school going

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Empowerment Of Women In Zone Iddgah, District Srinagar (J & K)

Dr. M.Y. Ganai, Ms. Shazia Siraj Zargar

 Associate Professor Department of Education University of Kashmir, India

Ph.D Scholar Department of Education University of Kashmir, India

E-mail: showkat80ahmad@gmail.com

Abstract: The present investigation study the Empowerment of women in Zone Iddgah, District Srinagar. The main objective of the study was to assess the empowerment of women in Zone Iddgah, Srinagar with special references to Literacy, Level of Education and Professions of women. The sample for the present investigation consisted of 11,000 women taken from Zone Iddgah, Srinagar Kashmir. In order to collect the data for the present investigation the investigator prepared an interview schedule. The investigator conducted the door to door survey in Education Zone Iddgah District Srinagar Kashmir. In order to identify the number of women the investigator collected the information regarding the employment of women in various professions. The data has been analyzed by applying percentage statistics analysis and interpretation of data. (1) It has been found that there were 11000 women in zone Iddgah, among them eight thousand were literates (72.72%) and 3,000 were illiterates (2) It has been observed that 6779 six were literates. (3) It has been observed that 1421women working in various professions in zone Iddgah, among them 23.925 were teachers, 0.70% doctor, 2.18 Engineer, 0.70% college Lecturer, 0.70% Higher secondary Lecturer, 0.14% University Professor, 63.33% social Welfare Department, 0.33% Lawyer, 2.04% Banking and Technical Professions were 5.62%.

[M.Y. Ganai, Shazia Siraj Zargar. Empowerment Of Women In Zone Iddgah, District Srinagar (J & K). Researcher 2013;5(1):40-43]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.07

Key words: Empowerment, women Srinagar

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Enrolment, Infra-Structure And Status Of Teachers – A Case Study Of Zone Sopore

Dr. M.Y. Ganai, Ms. Shazia Siraj Zargar

 Associate Professor Department of Education University of Kashmir, India

Ph.D Scholar Department of Education University of Kashmir, India

E-mail: showkat80ahmad@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study was to investigate Enrolment, Infra-structure, and Status of Teachers- A case study of Zone Sopore. (1) To survey the number of Government and Private Primary schools existing in zone Sopore. (2) To study extent of school going children in the age group of (6-11) years (sex wise and age wise) (3) To study the infra-structure of primary schools in terms of buildings, pucca, mixed, kuchcha or rented building. (4) To study infrastructure in terms of equipments, chairs, matting, blackboard, library and play ground. (5) To study the number and qualification of teachers working in these schools. (6) To study the enrolment patterns, Teacher student ratio and standard of students in such schools. (7) To study the enrolment in terms of male-female in various schools in zone Sopore. (8) To study the status of teachers in terms of qualification and length of service. All the primary schools functioning in zone Sopore imparting education to the children between the age group of (6-11) years were taken as a sample for the present investigation the total number of primary schools were 86 and their enrolment was 5851. An information schedule was administered to the sample subject in order to find out the number of primary schools existing in zone Sopore and also to find out their enrolment further the information Blank I has been developed and administered by the investigator to survey the number of primary schools and collect information with regard to school going children sex wise and age wise in the age group of (6-11) years. Information Blank II has been administered to collect the information about the infra structure number of teachers and their qualification in all primary schools of zone Sopore. The data was employed by applying the percentage statistical analysis was applied to the data. It has been found that the total enrolment of students in primary schools existing in zone Sopore is 5851. Among them 2853 (48.7%) are male students and 2998 (51.2%) are female students. The total number of Government and Private schools primary schools is 86. Among them 69 are Government schools and 17 are Private schools. The percentage of Government school is 80.23% and that of Private schools is 19%. The extent of school going children in the age group of (6-11) years was 5851. Among them 2853 were males and 2998 were females. The percentage of male students is 48.7% and that of female is 51.2%. In terms of position of school buildings it was found that the total number of primary schools were 86 out of them 56 (65%) schools have their own buildings and 30 (34%) have rented buildings out of them 15 (17.4%) schools had kuchcha buildings, 23 (26.7%) mixed buildings and 48 (55.8%) had pucca buildings. In terms of equipment infra structure of primary schools. The infra structure was revealed that there were 464 chairs 412 black boards 47 playgrounds, Nil libraries, 59 bathrooms and 3325 yards of matting in all Government and Primate schools of zone Sopore. In terms of number and percentage of teachers working in Government and Private schools of zone Sopore, it was found that there were 244 teachers among them 51% were working in Government schools and 385 were working in private. In terms of qualification of teachers of Government primary school it has been found that Matric (10^th), Twelth (12^th), Undergraduate, Graduate, Post Graduate B. Ed, M.A./ M Sc/Bed is 6, 13, 15, 20, 23, 35, 37, and their qualification percentage is 4%, 8.7%, 10%, 13.4%, 15.4%, 23.4%, 24.8% respectively.

[M.Y. Ganai, Shazia Siraj Zargar. Enrolment, Infra-Structure And Status Of Teachers – A Case Study Of Zone Sopore. Researcher 2013;5(1):44-50]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.08

Keywords: Enrolment, Infra-structure and status teacher

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Study of the Properties of Nanocomposite Cadmium Sulphide (CdS)\Polythiophene(PTh) By TGA/DTA, XRD, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, SEM-EDXA and FTIR

 M Sakil¹, A K Singh², G S Roy^3*

1. S.M College, Asureswar, Cuttack, Odisha, India

2. J.N College, Kuanpal, Cuttack, Odisha, India

3. Bhadrak Autonomous College, Odisha, India

gsroy2004@gmail.com

Abstract: In this work we have synthesized the Polythiophene by Oxidative Polymerization of Thiophene and then CdS\Polythiophene nanocomposite. After this we made a thin film by incorporating this nanocomposite and studied its characterizations by TGA/DTA (Thermal Analysis), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), UV-VIS (Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy), SEM-EDXA (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy).

[M Sakil, A K Singh, G S Roy. Study of the Properties of Nanocomposite Cadmium Sulphide (CdS)\Polythiophene(PTh) By TGA/DTA, XRD, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, SEM-EDXA and FTIR. Researcher 2013;5(1):51-54]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.09

Keywords: Nanocomposite; Thermal analysis; X-ray diffraction; Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis.

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The Effects of Obesity on Pulmonary Function Tests among Children and Adolescents

Wafaa A. Fahmy¹, Sahar A. Khairy¹ and Ghada M. Anwar²

¹Growth and Nutrition Requirement Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt

²Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

Drwafaa.fahmi@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of obesity on pulmonary function among a group of children and adolescents in Cairo area. Introduction: Increases in childhood overweight and obesity have become an important public health problem all over the world. The interplay between obesity and the respiratory system has implication on lung functions and exercise capacity, sleep disordered breathing and asthma. Among adults abnormalities of the respiratory function among obese have been reported in many studies.. Few reports have examined obesity and pulmonary function in childhood and adolescents. Methods:40 obese children aged from 6-13Years were enrolled in the study to be compared with 20 non obese child. Anthropometric measures were taken including weight and height for both groups in addition, waist and hip circumferences, triceps and sub scapular skin fold were measured for the obese group. Lung function was assessed using spirometry. It was performed for all subjects. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1% (FEV1 to FVC ratio;FEV1/FVC), and forced expiratory flow between 25%–75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) were determined according to the America Thoracic Society. recommendations. Results:Obese children has significantly lower percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Flow in one Second (FEV1).BMI showed no significant correlation with pulmonary function on the contrary waist circumference is significantly positively correlated with pulmonary function namely FVC. Conclusions: The results indicate the pulmonary consequences of obesity in children and adolescents and provide further evidence of the adverse consequences of obesity in Cairo area.

[Wafaa. A. Fahmy, Sahar A. Khairy and Ghada M. Anwar. The Effects of Obesity on Pulmonary Function Tests among Children and Adolescents. Researcher. 2013;5(1):55-59]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 10

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.10

Key words: BMI = Body mass index, FVC = Forced Expiratory Flow, Flow, FEV1 = Forced Expiratory Flow in one Second, FEF25-75 = Forced Expiratory Flow at 25-75% of Expiratory, pulmonary function.

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Study the Photocatalytic behavior of Nanocomposite CdS -TiO₂ Synthesized by Sonochemical Route

D D Sahoo¹, G S Roy^2*

1. Mahanga puspagiri Mahavidyalaya, Erakana, Cuttack,Odisha

2. Principal, Bhadrak Autonomous College Bhadrak, Odisha

gsroy2004@gmail.com

Abstarct: Nanostructured colloidal semiconductors with heterogeneous photocatalytic behavior have drawn considerable attention over the past few years. This is due to their large surface area, high redox potential of the photogenerated charge carriers, and selective reduction/oxidation of different classes of organic compounds. In the present paper, we have carried out a systematic synthesis of nanostructured CdS-TiO₂ via Sonochemical method. The structural and microstructural characterizations of the as-prepared CdS-TiO₂ nanocomposites are determined using XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. The visible light assisted photocatalytic performance is monitored by means of degradation of phenol in water suspension.

[D D Sahoo, G S Roy. Study the Photocatalytic behavior of Nanocomposite CdS -TiO₂ Synthesized by Sonochemical Route. Researcher. 2013;5(1):60-63]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 11

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.11

Keywords: Nanocomposite, Nanocrystall, Surfactent

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Non-Linear Characteristic of Copper Oxide (CuO) through Z-Scan Technique

R. Behera¹, G.S. Roy^2*

1. JBNMP College, Jogimal, Sundargad, Odisha, India

2. Bhadrak Autonomous College,Bhadrak, Odisha, India

gsroy2004@gmail.com

Abstract: Z-Scan technique has been used to study the nonlinear characteristics of nano CuO. The results of the experiment show that there is an excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical analysis of the three photon absorption (3PA) spectrum of CuO.

[R.Behera, G.S. Roy. Non-Linear Characteristic of Copper Oxide (CuO) through Z-Scan Technique. Researcher. 2013;5(1):64-68]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 12

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.12

Key Word: Nanocrystals, Z-Scan Technique, Three Photon Absorption

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Synthesis of ZnS Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QDs) with (3-Mercatopropyl) trimethoxysilane as the Capping Agent and Study their Characterization through UV-VIS Spectra and XRD.

M.A.Moquim¹, A.Acharya², G.S Roy^3*

1. Einstein Academy of Technology & Mangment, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

2. Tata Consultancy Services, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

3. Bhadrak (Auto) College, Bhadrak, Odisha, India

gsroy2004@gmail.com

Abstract: Ultrasize ZnS quantum dots have been synthesized with (3-Mercatopropyl) trimethoxysilane as the capping agent by the all-aqueous procedure. The size of quantum dot by this method is in the range 4 nm to 10 nm. These quantum dots have been characterized by UV-Visible absorption spectrum and XRD analysis. The absorption spectrum of synthesized quantum dots indicate a blue shift with decrease of size of quantum dot.

[M.A.Moquim, A.Acharya, G.S Roy. Synthesis of ZnS Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QDs) with (3-Mercatopropyl) trimethoxysilane as the Capping Agent and Study their Characterization through UV-VIS Spectra and XRD. Researcher. 2013;5(1):69-72]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net. 13

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.13

Keywords: Quantum dots, UV-Visible spectrum, Blue shift, XRD, SEM

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Gait Parameters in Children with Different Weight Abnormalities

Sahar A Khairy¹, Sahar A Ibrahim¹, Gihan F Ahmad¹, Hoda A Abdel Salam²

¹ Pediatrics, ²Nutrition and Food Science, National Nutrition Institute

dr_ms_mrs@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different categories of weight abnormalities on gait parameters in children. Two hundred children of both sexes (100 boys and 100 girls) divided into four groups of equal number, fifty children in each group (fifty obese, fifty overweight, fifty underweight and fifty normal weight children), their ages ranged from twelve to fourteen years old, and recruited from outpatient clinic of National Nutrition Institute. Gait parameters were evaluated by using the Biodex gait trainer treadmill and compared with gait parameters of normal weight children. The results of this study revealed statistically significant differences in the measured variables between four groups. In conclusion, the obese children walked little distance with significantly slower gait speed by taking shorter steps with decrease in average step cycle than the other subjects when compared to normal weight children. While the results of the underweight children were better than the other groups but still less than the normal weight group.

[Sahar A Khairy, Sahar A Ibrahim, Gihan A Fouad. Hoda A Abdel Salam. Gait Parameters in Children with Different Weight Abnormalities. Researcher 2013;5(1):73-84]. (ISSN: 1553-9865) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 14

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.14

Key words: Obesity, overweight, underweight

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Modeling Relationship between Studying Approaches and Mathematics Anxiety with Mathematics Achievement Using Structure Equation Modeling

Bahare Soleymani

Department of Mathematics, Abadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran

soleymani_bahare@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between studying approaches and math anxiety with achievement students in math. The statistic population of this study were management and accounting students of the Islamic Azad University-Abadan branch that are enrolled in mathematics pre-college course. The sample included students who were selected by random cluster sampling. Using structural equation model to determine the relationship between studying approaches and math achievement with intermediately of math anxiety showed, the surface studying approach has a significant negative indirect effect on mathematics achievement. The results show that students with a surface studying approach even in surface exams show poor performance in mathematics.

[Soleymani B. Modeling Relationship between Studying Approaches and Mathematics Anxiety with Mathematics Achievement Using Structure Equation Modeling Researcher 2013;5(1):85-88]. (ISSN: 1553-9865) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 15

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.15

Keywords: Studying Approaches, Mathematics Anxiety, Mathematics Achievement, and Structure Equation Modeling

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Evaluation of Physical chemical Characteristics of Ground water at Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

* Aske Dilip Kumar and Iqbal Sanjeeda

Department of Botany, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore (M.P.), INDIA

Address for correspondence: Aske Dilip Kumar, Department of Botany, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore MP.452001, daske33@gmail.com

Abstracts: Ground water is one of the major sources of drinking water in many parts of Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Ground water contain of fluoride 0.5 to1.00 mg/l. our study shows that pH 7.23 to 8.42 Electrical conductivity 946 to 978 mg/l, Total Alkalinity 142 to 178 mg/l, Total Hardness 624 to 699mg/l, Chloride 15.4 to 51.41mg/l. and Fluoride 2.93 to 8.55mg/l. is present which is than permissible limit of APHA (American Public Health Association) high Fluoride in ground water at various selected sampling sites our research shows that high level of the ground water of Alirajpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India. In present study it is found that is the ground water Alirajpur district is affected by high fluoride concentration.

[Aske Dilip Kumar and Iqbal Sanjeeda. Evaluation of Physical chemical Characteristics of Ground water at Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Researcher 2013;5(1):89-95]. (ISSN: 1553-9865) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 16

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.16

Key words: Fluoride, Physical chemical Characteristics, Ground water, fluorosis.

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Immune Response Of Fish To Bacterial Infections

Adedeji OB¹, Okerentugba PO², Onianwa O², Okonko IO²

¹Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

²Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria;

mac2finney@yahoo.com; iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng; Tel: +234-80-3538-0891

ABSTRACT: Teleosts possess various mechanisms which protect them from infection caused by bacterial pathogens. These mechanisms share differences and similarities to those found in other higher vertebrates. The innate and acquired immune responses are not mutually exclusive as they work together to protect the host. Components of innate immunity include physical, cellular and humoral barriers such as integumental defences, inflammation and complement. These are very effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative infectious bacteria. Unless physically damaged, the integument is very effective in preventing pathogens present in the aquatic environment from penetrating host tissue. B cells and T cells on the other hand make up the acquired immune response and develop only after exposure to a specific antigen. IgD, IgM and IgT are antibodies produced in telosts. Research into antibody production has huge potential for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. T cells in teleosts are subdivided into T-Helper cells, cytotoxic T cells and regulatory T cells also having various functions similar to those present in mammals. The aim of this review is to list current developments in research into teleost immunity, outlining the various immune mechanisms while comparing them with those present in their mammalian counterparts.

[Adedeji OB, Okerentugba PO, Onianwa O, Okonko IO. Immune Response Of Fish To Bacterial Infections. Researcher 2013;5(1):96-103]. (ISSN: 1553-9865) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 17

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.17

Keywords: B cells, Bacterial infections, Immune response, Fish, T cells

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The Effects of Pt Doping on the Photo-reactivity of TiO₂

D D Sahoo¹, G S Roy^2*

1. Mahanga puspagiri Mahavidyalaya, Erakana, Cuttack,Odisha

2. Chairman CHSE, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

gsroy2004@gmail.com

Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), which is doped with platinum metal ions (Pt⁴⁺, Pt²⁺), is synthesized by standard sol-gel methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Doping with Pt(IV.II), resulted in a lower anatase to rutile phase transformation temperature for the resultant TiO₂ particles, Metal-ion doping also resulted in a red-shift of the photophysical response of TiO₂ that was reflected in an extended absorption in the visible between 400 and 700 nm.

[D D Sahoo, G S Roy. The Effects of Pt Doping on the Photo-reactivity of TiO_2. Researcher 2013;5(1):104-107]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 18

doi:10.7537/marsrsj050113.18

Keywords: XRD, UV-Vis Spectra, Doping

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