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Comparison of the Components of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in Successful and Unsuccessful Elderly People in Rafsanjan city and the Contribution of these Components in Predicting Successful Aging

Dr. Abdollah Motamedi¹, Dr. Majid Safarinia², Shahla Mossayebi³ (Corresponding author), Akbar Bolvardi⁴

^1. Assistant Professor in Allameh Tabatabaei University (ATU), Tehran, Iran

^2. Associate Professor in PayemNoor University, Tehran, Iran

^3. MSC in General Psychology PayemNoor, Tehran, Iran

^4. MSC in Psychology and Education of Exceptional Childern -Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

smossayebi@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the components of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in successful and unsuccessful elderly people in Rafsanjan city. Methods: This study is a correlation research. In order to set an appropriate sample to collect data, Cochran's formula was used. Research sample contain 150 elderly subjects in Rafsanjan city who were selected based on the sample stage. Based on Emotional Intelligence (EI) questionnaire, satisfaction with life scale of Diener et al, Williams and Goldberg's general health questionnaire (GHQ) was used to collect data. Using the results of two questionnaires: Life satisfaction of Diener et al, and Williams and Gold berg's general health questionnaire, subjects were divided into two groups: successful and unsuccessful elderly. In order to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics (classification and characterization data), the T-test and logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software. Findings: The results showed that 77.33% of the sample group was in the successful elderly group, emotional intelligence of successful elderly in all subscales of EI is more than unsuccessful elderly and this difference is statistically significant. The five components of emotional intelligence included: self–actualization, emotional self–awareness, social responsibility, empathy and flexibility predicted membership (join) of subjects in the successful elderly category. Conclusion: Results of current study showed that the successful elderly people have higher emotional intelligence. Due to the increasing elderly population statistics in the coming years, the results of this study have many applications in planning for elderly population.

[Abdollah Motamedi, Majid Safarinia, Shahla Mossayebi, Akbar Bolvardi. Comparison of the Components of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in Successful and Unsuccessful Elderly People in Rafsanjan city and the Contribution of these Components in Predicting Successful Aging. Researcher 2013;5(11):1-7]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.01

Keywords: Emotional intelligence (EI), aging, successful aging

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A study on relationship between pain, compatibility and psychological characteristics in patients with PTSD in Bam

Eshrat Karimi Afshar¹ (corresponding author), Dr. Saeideh khojasteh²

^1. Lecturer of Jahad University (Bahonar University)

^2. Lecturer of Bahonar Teacher Training University

Abstract: The aim of this research is to study the relationship between pain, compatibility and psychological characteristics (anxiety and depression) of patients affected by PTSD in Bam. In order to do that, 80 patients with PTSD were used as research sample. These patients were selected by random sampling from available samples in counseling clinics of Bam and Kerman. Measurement instrument includes 3 questionnaires which are as follows: (a) ways of coping (Ways of coping Checklist-WCCL), (b) measuring anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-HADS) and (c) McGill pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire-MPQ).In this research, T-test has been used to explain the meaningfulness of variables relationships. The results show that there is no meaningful relationship between pain perception, compatibility and psychological characteristics (depression and anxiety) of patients with PTSD in Bam. All patients have affected by PTSD in earthquake, but persistence level of symptoms depends on patients’ morale, tolerance threshold, strength, attitude and also social-familial supports. Intensity of event and losing of the dear ones in the event are effective factors on PTSD that increase depression and anxiety and disturb patients’ compatibility. The results of this research show that there is no meaningful relationship between perception pain and depression of patients affected by PTSD. Feeling pain and complaining about physical pains are not included the diagnostic symptoms of depression. Patients who complain about physical pain either actual pain or psychological pain, are not necessarily depressive. However, PTSD effects on patients’ pain perception and their pain endurance threshold is reduced because of psychological injuries they have suffered.

[Eshrat Karimi Afshar, Saeideh khojasteh. A study on relationship between pain, compatibility and psychological characteristics in patients with PTSD in Bam. Researcher 2013;5(11):8-12]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.02

Keywords: post-traumatic stress, physiological characteristics, pain perception, compatibility, traumatic event

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Measurement of Livestock Farmers’ Attitude towards Agricultural Credit in Imo State, Nigeria

¹Tasie Chimezie, ¹Wilcox Godwill, ²Uche Fidelia and ¹Emeya, Salome.

¹Agricultural Science Department, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, P.M.B 5047, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

²Rivers State College of Arts and Science, P.M.B 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Email - tasiecm@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study evaluated the attitude of livestock farmers’ in Imo State towards agricultural credit. Primary data were collected through the use of a structured response type of questionnaire from 90 livestock farmers’ randomly selected (10 farmers’ each from the nine L.G.As that make up the study area). The primary data were complemented with secondary data from published and unpublished literature sources. The Likert scale was used to measure the disposition of farmers’ towards agricultural credit. The study revealed that livestock farmers’ in the study area have a good attitude towards agricultural credit. The livestock farmers’ agreed that agricultural credit will help them in increasing their farm output and income and help in the adoption of agricultural innovation and transforming the livestock business. Also, majority of the livestock farmers’ (44.4%) are involved in poultry enterprise. This is closely followed by goat enterprise(42.2%).The study also revealed that few livestock farmers’ (4.4% and 9.0%) are involved in piggery and sheep enterprises respectively. Therefore, it is recommended that all agencies (private and public; local and international) involved in credit delivery should extend credit facilities to livestock farmers’ in Imo State.

[Tasie Chimezie, Wilcox Godwill, Uche Fidelia and Emeya, Salome. Measurement of Livestock Farmers’ Attitude towards Agricultural Credit in Imo State, Nigeria. Researcher 2013;5(11):13-16]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.03

Keywords: Measurement, attitude, livestock, credit, farmers, Imo State

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The study of the relationship between coping strategies and thought control strategies with mental health of parents having mental retarded children compared with those having normal children

Hossein Jenaabadi

 Ph.D. Associate professor University of Sistan and Baluchestan

hjenaabadi@ped.usb.ac.ir

Abstract: The present study is aimed to study the relation between coping strategies, thought control strategies with mental health of parents having mental retarded children and those having normal children. Research methodology is correlative and 180 parents of normal children and 180 parents of mental retarded children were selected randomly as the sample. In order to collect data, Lazarous’s questionnaire of coping strategies, Lezodavis’s questionnaire of thought control strategies and general health questionnaire were used. T independent test, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression test have been used for data analysis. Results showed that there is a negative significant relation between thought control strategies and mental health of parents having mental retarded children and there is a direct relation between coping strategies and mental health. Results also showed that there is a significant difference in using coping strategies between parents having mental retarded children and those having normal children. They also showed that parents having mental retarded children are less mentally healthy compared those having normal children.

[Hossein Jenaabadi. The study of the relationship between coping strategies and thought control strategies with mental health of parents having mental retarded children compared with those having normal children. Researcher 2013;5(11):17-21]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.04

Keywords: coping strategies, thought control strategies, mental health, mental retarded

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Designing and compiling first grade primary Persian book in terms of research-based approach and comparing it to current Persian book in order to increase and persuade students’ creativity from viewpoints of teachers and curricular experts in academic year 2013-14

Parvin Salari Chineh¹ (Corresponding author), Ezatollah Naderi², Maryam Seif Naraghi³

1. PhD student of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

2. PhD, Professor of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

3. PhD, Professor of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

Abstract: The aim of this study is to design and compile research content for first grade primary Persian book in terms of research-based components including stimulation of curiosity feeling and problem seeking, planning for research and how to educate process of data gathering by observation and other sources for data transfer and comparing it to current book using views of teachers and experts. This research is applicable in type and background methodology has been used in order to do this research. For this purpose, statistical population of teachers and curricular experts was used. 51 teachers and 14 curricular experts were chosen using random sampling. Considering that the aim of research is to investigate similarity and agreement or dissimilarity and disagreement of two distributions (teachers and experts) on creativity dimensions in compiled and current books, χ2 square has been used to analyze data inferentially in order to decide whether agreement or disagreement of two distributions (teachers and experts) on two books is different regarding components of creativity. SPSS software, version 19 has been used to analyze data. Present research includes 3 hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: first grade primary Persian book organized regarding stimulation of curiosity and problem seeking (of research components) in students is more effective than current first grade primary Persian book. Hypothesis 2: first grade primary Persian book organized regarding planning for research (of research components) in students is more effective than current first grade primary Persian book. Hypothesis 3: first grade primary Persian book organized regarding how to train process of data gathering by observation and other resources for data transfer (of research components) in students is more effective than current first grade primary Persian book. All above mentioned hypotheses have been confirmed in text, image and activity in 0.01 level. First hypothesis has been confirmed considering component of sensitivity to problem (one of eight creativity components of Gilford). The second hypothesis has been confirmed considering four creativity components of Gilford namely synthesis, analysis, complexity and evaluation. Third hypothesis has been confirmed considering three creativity components namely fluidity, new ideas and flexibility. In general, considering research results in which hypotheses have been confirmed, it can be concluded that the author has been successful in designing and organizing first grade primary book in terms of research-based approach. In addition to research-based approach, the compiled book is able to increase and persuade creativity in students considering research results obtained from views of teachers and experts.

[Parvin Salari Chineh, Ezatollah Naderi, Maryam Seif Naraghi. Designing and compiling first grade primary Persian book in terms of research-based approach and comparing it to current Persian book in order to increase and persuade students’ creativity from viewpoints of teachers and curricular experts in academic year 2013-14. Researcher 2013;5(11):22-28]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.05

Keywords: Research Based approach, Creativity, sensitivity to the problem, fluidity, new ideas, flexibility, synthesis, analysis, complexity, evaluation

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Comparing primary first grade Persian textbook compiled by Parvin Salari, PhD to current primary first grade Persian textbook in terms of research-centered, increase and encouragement of students’ creativity from views of teachers and experts of curriculum development in academic year 2011-2012

Parvin Salari Chineh¹ (Corresponding author), Ezatollah Naderi², Maryam Seif Naraghi³

1. PhD student of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

2. PhD, Professor of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

3. PhD, Professor of Department of Educational sciences, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

Abstract: The present study is aimed to compare primary first grade Persian textbook compiled by Parvin Salari, PhD to current primary first grade Persian textbook in terms of research-centered, increase and encouragement of students’ creativity from views of teachers and experts of curriculum development in academic year 2011-2012. It is an applicable research and its methodology has been field research. For this purpose, statistical population of teachers and experts of curriculum development has been used. 51 teachers and 14 experts of curriculum development were chosen by random sampling. Considering that the aim of research is to study similarity and agreement or disagreement in distribution of views (professional teachers and experts) on creativity dimensions in two compiled and current textbooks, χ2 square test has been used to analyze data statistically. A questionnaire has been used to do the research and in order to study validity of the questionnaire; experts’ opinions have been applied. In order to study reliability of post-test, after two weeks, 15 persons from the sample (teachers and experts) responded the questionnaire with respect to current and compiled textbooks. Obtained correlation in different dimensions was between 0.71 and 0.79. In present study, Gilford’s 8 creativity components has been used in order to examine the hypothesis that text of compiled primary first grade Persian book is more effective than that of current book with respect to increase and encouragement of creativity in students, and results show that from views of teachers and experts, compiled book is superior to current book by 0.01 level in dimensions of text, image and activity in seven components of sensitivity to problem, new ideas, flexibility, composition, analysis, complexity and evaluation. Considering component of fluidity in dimension of texts, the compiled book is superior to the current book by 0.01 level and both books are fluid in dimensions of image and activity. Therefore this hypothesis has been confirmed. It can be concluded that the compiler has been successful in designing and formulating research-centered primary first grade Persian book and in addition to research-centered, the compiled book is able to increase and encourage creativity in students considering research result obtained from views of teachers ad experts.

[Parvin Salari Chineh, Ezatollah Naderi, Maryam Seif Naraghi. Comparing primary first grade Persian textbook compiled by Parvin Salari, PhD to current primary first grade Persian textbook in terms of research-centered, increase and encouragement of students’ creativity from views of teachers and experts of curriculum development in academic year 2011-2012. Researcher 2013;5(11):29-35]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.06

Keywords: Research Based approach, Creativity, sensitivity to the problem, fluidity, new ideas, flexibility, synthesis, analysis, complexity, evaluation

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Comparative study of Zohd (abstinence from worldly pleasures, avoiding humiliated and contemptible things) in Islam and Zoroastrianism

Fatemeh Ferdowsi

Teacher of Farhangian University

Abstract: What has been studied in this literature is a comparative study of zohd in Islam and Zoroastrianism. Zohd is an ethical-theosophical concept that has negative or positive effect on life times. Since according to Zoroastrians, there is no zohd in this religion, two religions of Islam and Zoroastrianism have been chosen for comparison and the most valid sources of these religions have been investigated with respect to zohd. The research aim is to answer following questions: 1- is there zohd in Zoroastrian religion? If there is zohd in Zoroastrian religion, to what extent is it close to its Islamic concept? Research methodology is based on library and it has been tried to use Zoroastrian books, references and the most important references of Islamic religion. The analysis shows that despite according to Zoroastrians, there is no zohd in this religion and there is a negative attitude towards it but there is a positive and poor zohd that has been extracted from Islamic references and Zoroastrian history. In Islamic religion, zohd has a special place and there are many topics in religious sources and Islamic history that prove both positive and negative pieties. What is emphasized by Quran, the prophet and his inmate is positive zohd and it is very transparent and effective compared to Zoroastrian religion and has been emphasized by Islamic leaders due to its positive effects.

[Fatemeh Ferdowsi. Comparative study of Zohd (abstinence from worldly pleasures, avoiding humiliated and contemptible things) in Islam and Zoroastrianism,Researcher 2013;5(11):36-39]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.07

Keywords: Zohd, Islam, Zoroastrian

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Survey of methicillin-resistant Strains of Staphylococci from Neonatal Septicemia for mecA gene

Nasrin Bahmani^1*, Enayat Kalantar², Vahide Torabi¹

1. MS of Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj- Iran. nasrbah@yahoo.com

2. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Abstract: septicemia is still prevalent among neonates and it is a major medical problem. The aim of this study was survey of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococci from blood culture in neonate for mecA gene distribution. 138 blood cultures samples performed from neonates and identified the Staphylococci spp. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility according to CLSI. Detection of mecA gene was performed by PCR. Among 138 samples from neonates 31.8% were positive blood culture for Staphylococci strains; of which 54.5% and 45.5% were Coagulase negative Staphylococci(CONS) and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. total 24 samples of CONS were biotyped, S. epidermidis (62.5%) and S. saprophyticus(37.5%). maximum resistance was seen with Ampicillin and minimum Resistance with Ciprofloxacin. prevalence of MRCONS was 55.6% and MRSA was 55%.The mecA gene was detected in 87% of the isolated CONS and 70% of S. aureus isolates. This study show that the high prevalence of methicillin resistance among staphylococci strains in this area of iran and CONS predominated as the cause of methicillin resistance.

[Bahmani N., Kalantar E., Torabi V. Survey of methicillin-resistant Strains of Staphylococci from Neonatal Septicemia for mecA gene. Researcher 2013;5(11):40-43]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.08

Key words: Blood culture, Neonates, CONS, mec A, MRSA

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Investigation the highest rate of the water alternating gas injection recovery factor (WAG) in ratio with injection of water or gas

Milad Gharacheh¹ (Corresponding author), Dr. Ramin Roghanian²

^1. MSc of Drilling and Tapping, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh Branch, Khuzestan, Iran

^2. PhD in Hydrocarbon Reservoir Engineering National Iranian Oil Company, Supervisor of EOR Project, EOR Center

milad.gharacheh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Based on increase of hydrocarbon development in the world, it's tending to increase the production of hydrocarbon fields were considered further than before. Therefore, new recovery methods are proposed and used. One of the common methods for increasing the injection reservoir recovery factor (WAG) is injection of gas and water to them. In this way, water and gas are injected frequently and in a local repository. The main objective of the process of periodically injecting water and gas injection, gas injection, water efficiency by increasing the contact area injected fluid reservoir management and reservoir oil mobility ratio between injected fluid and the motion of the front is stable. Miscible water alternating gas injection methods, Immiscible, hybrid, hybrid, and online selection is done online. In this study, different methods of injection and water alternating gas reservoirs in the National Iranian Oil Company ECLIPSE 100 simulated using commercial software, and gain shaping and influencing parameters such as cumulative production cycles (cycles), and method of administration (Immiscible, hybrid (blended), and optional online) were studied. The single injection methods for water, gas injection and water alternating gas for optimum EOR method were compared. Finally, water alternating gas injection scenarios designed to separate water and gas injection, four-and five-spot injection patterns, Factor productivity, Cumulative production and remaining oil saturation model to determine the optimal injection methods were calculated and compared. The results show that if the parameters affecting water alternating gas injection well designed and chosen, factor productivity and production in this way than in a separate injection of water and gas.

[Milad Gharacheh, Ramin Roghanian. Investigation the highest rate of the water alternating gas injection recovery factor (WAG) in ratio with injection of water or gas. Researcher 2013;5(11):44-58]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.09

Keywords: Alternating water and gas injection, water injection, gas injection, immiscible injection, cycle, WAG

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Statistical Analysis of Earthquakes in Iran - Yazd Province in the years 2006 to 2009

Seyed Ali Almodarresi¹, Kazem Yavari Nasab ² (Corresponding author), Elahe Alsadat Mirkhalili ³

^1. Ph.D. in Geomorphology, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Engineering, Faculty of Islamic Azad University

^2. Technical & Vocational University, Yazd Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering

^3. Architectural Engineering, Construction Engineering Organization of Yazd

yavari_nasab@yahoo.com

Abstract: Earthquake phenomena and its occurrence would be considered as natural and dynamic disaster in the earth. Earthquake prediction is one of the valuable scientific challenges that if the results of research being successful, sustainable development would be achieved. In this paper, the earthquakes occurred during 2006 to 2009 as the time when the various definitions, day, month and by statistical analysis of recorded earthquakes in Yazd province in Iran, the higher frequency would be considered at a time.

[Seyed Ali Almodarresi, Kazem Yavari Nasab, Elahe Alsadat Mirkhalili. Statistical Analysis of Earthquakes in Iran - Yazd Province in the years 2006 to 2009. Researcher 2013;5(11):59-67]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.10

Keywords: Earthquake, Iran, Yazd, magnitude of earthquake

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Traditional Uses of Medicinal Flora for Primary Health Care: A Case Study of Chaukhutia Block of Almora District, Uttarakhand (India)

Vijay Sharma* and B. D. Joshi

*Department of Environmental Sciences, Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand (India)

Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand (India).

*Email: vijaysharma_mediplants@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Abstract: An ethno-botanical survey was carried out during the year 2010 in Chaukhutia Block of Almora district in Uttarakhand State to document the traditional medicinal system of the local people. During this study, a total 68 species of medicinal plants belonging to 63 families were listed from the forest area of Chaukhutia Block. Out of these species, 20 species are commonly being used by the local people for the purpose of primary health care.

[Vijay Sharma and B. D. Joshi. Traditional Uses of Medicinal Flora for Primary Health Care: A Case Study of Chaukhutia Block of Almora District, Uttarakhand (India). Researcher 2013;5(11):68-72]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.11

Keywords: Traditional Health care, Herbal Formulation, Biodiversity Conservation, Crude Drugs.

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Investigation prevalence and risk factors of intentional abortion in women referred to health centers in Zanjan in 2012

Fatemeh Rostamkhani¹, Seyedeh Susan Raoufi Kelachayeh², Ali Shahnavaz³

1. MSC of Midwifery, Faculty Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University. Department of Midwifery,, Zanjan

Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

2. MSC in Nursing, Faculty member of Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University. Department of Nursing, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

3. MSC in Statistics & mathematics, Faculty member of Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University. Department of Statistics & Mathematics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

Abstract: Background and Goal: Abortion is done due to various reasons and in different ways all over the world and is one of the main problems that some women are resorting to it due to various reasons. If it is intentional abortion, would be associated with serious complications and irreversible effects. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study on 1800 married women referred to health centers in Zanjan was carried on by available sampling method. Data were gathered by questionnaire and data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: In this study, 1,800 patients were participated in health centers of Zanjan city and 286 patients (15.9%) have had abortions, and 42 patients (14.7%) have had intentional abortion. Average age of women in the intentional abortion group was 32.76 ± 7.42 years, and average age of their husbands was 37.66 ± 9 years, and also pregnancy average for intentional abortion group is 2.85, and also the average salary in intentional abortion group was 640.71±390.23. Conclusion: The prevalence of intentional abortion appears that increase of young mothers' knowledge would be an appropriate and effective method to contraception and also to familiarize them with the intentional abortion effects play a major role to avoid more abortion.

[Fatemeh Rostamkhani, Seyedeh Dusan Raofi. Investigation prevalence and risk factors of intentional abortion in women referred to health centers in Zanjan in 2012. Researcher 2013;5(11):73-75]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.12

Keywords: Prevalence, intentional abortion, relevant factors

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The Effect of Semantic Clustering on Iranian Elementary EFL Learners' Vocabulary Retention

Maryam Ramezani¹, Parviz Behrouzi²

^1. MA Student of English Language Teaching, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Semnan, Iran

^2. Assistant Professor of English Language Teaching, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Semnan, Iran

Abstract: The present study with quasi-experimental design, set out to investigate the impact of semantic clustering on EFL learners' vocabulary retention. Participants were divided into two equal groups of 15 at elementary level, randomly assigned as experimental and control groups. They were all females, within the age range of 12-15, learning English at one of English Language Institutes in Shahroud, Iran. Four types of instruments were used to collect the research data. They were: 1) KET test; 2) a vocabulary pretest; 3) immediate recall posttests and 4) delayed recall posttest. The experimental group underwent semantic clustering vocabulary presentation in which the learners were provided with six lists containing ten semantically related words in sentences. On the other hand, the control group was provided with the same lists but the sentences were presented in a random way. Comparison of the results obtained from the delayed recall posttests revealed that the control group outperformed their peers in the experimental group and could retain a larger proportion of the words in long term. The results have some implications for teaching of second and foreign language vocabulary instruction.

[Maryam Ramezani, Parviz Behrouzi. The Effect of Semantic Clustering on Iranian Elementary EFL Learners' Vocabulary Retention. Researcher 2013;5(11):76-89]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 13

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.13

Keywords: Distinctiveness Hypothesis, Interference Theory, Lexical set, Semantic Clustering, Unrelated sets

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The Concept of Justice in Islamic Political Thought

Yahya Fozi

Associate Professor of Political Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: This paper attempts an analysis of the concept and research to explain the concept of justice in Islam and to answer the question that how to define the concept of justice in Islamic Political Thought? The author believes that the concept of justice among Muslim scholars closely linked with the concept of right and justice which is not possible without the recognition of individual and public rights. Accordingly, in the form of equity and justice based on fixed rights, the rights agreement would attempts to make sense of fairness index.

[Yahya Fozi. The Concept of Justice in Islamic Political Thought. Researcher 2013;5(11):90-94]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 14

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.14

Keywords: Justices, right, Islamic political thought

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Validity and Reliability the test of performance strategies (TOPS) for Iranian adult athletes

Elahe Saadatifard¹, Mohammad Keshtidar², Jafar Khoshbakhti²

^1. MSc of Physical Education, University of Birjand

^2. Assistant Professor of department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Birjand

Abstract: The test of performance strategies (TOPS) is a capable test appraising the most important psychological factors in exercise and competition. The purpose of this study is to investigate validity and reliability the test of performance strategies (TOPS) in the Iranian adult athletes. This test for the first time was designed by Thomas et al. (1999) to estimate the most important psychological factors including competition and practice. This test was constructed based on the scientific research and results that were obtained from the current psychological questionnaires. TOPS were gradually reviewed and changed in different years and different points of the world. In the current study was used the latest test version including 8 and 9 factors for practice and competition respectively. In the present study 259 subjects that they had been selected from the Iranian adult athletes, have completed this questionnaire. These athletes (Mean _age: 25.32 years old) were male and female athletes of varying ability levels (7 levels) from 19 different sports. The confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha method) were used to compute the TOPS's confirmatory factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the TOPS was justified (17 factors that include 66 statements). Reliability of competition (0.73) and reliability of practice (0.74) were obtained from the extracted factors (8 factors related to exercise and 9 factors were related to the competition). So, TOPS can be used for appraising the most important psychological factors in Iranian adult athletes.

[Elahe Saadatifard, Mohammad Keshtidar, Jafar Khoshbakhti. Validity and Reliability the test of performance strategies (TOPS) for Iranian adult athletes. Researcher 2013;5(11):95-101]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 15

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.15

Keywords: validity, reliability, Test of performance strategies (TOPS), Iranian adult athlete

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[Researcher 2013;5(11):102-108]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 16. doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.16

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The Effect of Genre Preference on Reading Comprehension of Intermediate Level Students

A Case Study in Noor Institution of Sousangerd City

Ali Saeedi

Abstract: This study was performed to investigate the probable effects of genre preference on reading comprehension on intermediate students attending the institution of Noor in Sousangerd city. Twenty-two participants were identified and given a test of Nelson English and then based to their scores, they were considered as intermediate level students. The questionnaire contained three genres; Drama, Comedy and Science Fiction. It was given to participants for them to choose their favorite genre. Then the researcher used these three genres of Drama, Comedy and science fiction as 3 English authentic short stories. After giving each story to the participants, comprehension questions were given as a post-test for the participants to answer. The data then was analyzed according to the average of participants to the whole of the class and the average of participants to participants that favored the same genre group. Interesting facts were yielded from calculating the above-mentioned averages of participants’ scores. The results revealed that genre preference had no effect on reading comprehension in intermediate level students and that other criteria should be evaluated to master the whole theme in this field.

[Ali Saeedi. The Effect of Genre Preference on Reading Comprehension of Intermediate Level Students. Researcher 2013;5(11):109-110]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 17

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.17

Keywords: reading comprehension, genre preference

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Elimination of ponderous Metal ions from Aqueous Solutions by Considering Silica Aero gel As a Nanoadsorbent

Maziar Noei ¹*, Ali-Akbar Salari², Samira Nafar ², Mahla Hosein ², Maryam Ebrahimikia², Hosein Anaraki -Ardekani¹, Mohammad javad mousaei¹

1. Department of Chemistry, Mahshar Branch, Islamic Azad University,Mahshahr, Iran

2. Department of Chemistry, Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: Maziar.Noei@hotmail.com

Abstract: Silica aero gel is a nanometer adsorbent and it is possible to use it in water treatments. in this research the removing of Zn(II) and(II) from water solutions by considering the usage of silica aero gel has been studied.we have examined and studied the relation between ion adsorption by using silica aero gel with contact time of solution with adsorbent, temperature and concentration of solutions which are include of ions and finally we achieved to the best adsorption conditions while the results of ion adsorption by using silica aero gel had been so satisfied,then we used the langrage kinetic model and earned the adsorption constant and also in the next stage the thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G⁰, ∆H⁰ and ∆S⁰ have been calculated.

[Maziar Noei Ali-Akbar Salari, Samira Nafar, Mahla Hosein, Maryam Ebrahimikia, Hosein Anaraki -Ardekani, mohammad javad mousaei. Elimination of ponderous Metal ions from Aqueous Solutions by Considering Silica Aero gel As a Nanoadsorbent. Researcher2013;5(11):111-114]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 18

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.18

Keywords: silica aero gel; Metal ions; Adsorption

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Investigation the factors affecting the integrity of FRP-reinforced sheet resistance in bending concrete beams

Mohammad Ali Dashti Rahmatabadi¹, Alireza Mirjalili¹, Kazem Yavarinasab² (Corresponding author)

^1. Faculty member of Department of Civil Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

^2. Msc of Department of Civil Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

yavari_nasab@yahoo.com

Abstract: Beams retrofitted with FRP may come to failure, due to different reason; and several models of the separated FRP boundary and resistance at the FRP junction to concrete is done and factors included in the calculation of the capacity of the beams are: Compressive strength of concrete, Mechanical properties of steel, cement and FRP, width and thickness FRP, beam cross-section dimensions, sections of steel and etc. and variables for each model are different. But when retrofitting buildings, certain variables such as retrofitting buildings of steel, compressive strength of concrete, steel and mechanical properties are not specified. For future research to analysis existing models, it is necessary to obtain the sensitivity of each variable in the model. In this study, a sensitivity analysis of model variables, continuity sheet resistance of FRP-reinforced concrete beams in bending with changes in variables over a certain percentage of the variable is obtained. Graphs and sensitivity analysis are presented for each model.

[Mohammad Ali Dashti Rahmatabadi, Alireza Mirjalili, Kazem Yavari Nasab. Investigation the factors affecting the integrity of FRP-reinforced sheet resistance in bending concrete beams. Researcher 2013;5(11):115-126]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 19

doi:10.7537/marsrsj051113.19

Keywords: Sensitivity analysis, Reinforced bending beam - FRP Sheets

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