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Impact Of Inventory Control System With Trade Credit

Ruchika Tyagi¹, Megha Gupta² , Dr. Prashant Chauhan³, Dr. S Rajan⁴

^1. Research Scholor , IFTM University Moradabad

^2. Assistant professor Lakshmibai College University of Delhi

^3. Assistant Professor IFTM University Moradabad

^4. HOD of Mathematics Department, Hindu College, Moradabad

Abstract: in this paper we will discuss the literature review on quantitatively oriented approaches for determining the optimal economic order quantity when supplier offers credit period to the retailer to settle their account. In this survey will be useful for the upcoming researchers in this field. Here all inventory control framework models assume to either time-invariant finance charges or charges that may vary with time to time but not with the age limit of the credit to vary for inventory control system.

[Ruchika Tyagi, Megha Gupta, Prashant Chauhan, S Rajan . Impact Of Inventory Control System With Trade Credit. Researcher 2014;6(9):1-4]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.01

Key words: Inventory control, Trade credit,  supply chain, Demand, lot-size model, probabilistic demand

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Dual Relationships and Boundary crossing: A Critical Issues in Clinical Psychology Practice

Olusegun Emmanuel Afolabi

Department of Educational Foundation, University of Botswana, Botswana

Abstract: The issue of boundary and dual relationship has been a major subject of concern in psychological practice. Ethics complaints on dual relationship and boundary crossing continue to rise both in nature and variety. This paper examine and shed light on the complexities of dual relationship and boundary crossing in clinical psychology and explain the pertinent moral and clinical worries that clinical psychologist's face daily in their practice. In realising this objective, the paper analysed three underlying themes: 1) using an empirical review of relevant literature to identify clinician’s attitudes toward risky and useful dual relationship and boundary crossing, 2) learn whether involving in dual relationships, negatively or positively influences therapeutic outcome, 3) using the decision making model to address the concept, challenges and variances associated with dual relationship in clinical psychology and comes up with strategies that help psychologists to make flawless ethical standards and offer moral guidance. Finally, study shows that, though, dual relationships sometimes enhanced therapy, aids the treatment strategy, and promotes the clinician-client working relationship; it also weakens the treatment process, hampers the clinician-client cooperation, and brings instant or lasting damage to the service user.

[Olusegun Emmanuel Afolabi. Olusegun Emmanuel Afolabi. Researcher 2014;6(9):5-16]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.02

Key Words: Boundary crossing, dual relationship, ethical decision making

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The early life toxicity of Godogbo (Adenia cissampeloides) stem against catfish juveniles

Agbor R.B and Okoi E.P

Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

E-mail: agborreagan@yahoo.com

Abstract: The use of plant extract as poisons for hunting and fishing is common among fishermen in Nigeria. Fish poisons from plants are also known as piscicides or inchthyotoxins. Several plant species are known to possess bioactive compounds that are toxic to fish. The effect of plant extract is dependent on the type of fish species. This implies that different fishes are either tolerant or susceptible to a particular fish poison. However, the early life toxicity of Adenia cissampeloides stem against catfish larvae was carried out under static bioassay condition for 96hrs. Fish larvae tested in methanol extract of stem of A. cissampeloides showed various pathological changes such as erratic swimming, moribund behavior, dipigmentation and death in various concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100mg/l) of the substance tested. Mortality of 50% (LC₅₀) of the test organisms (fish larvae) was observed in 50mg/l of the plant extract within 72hrs of application. No pathological changes and mortality was observed in the control group. The implication of this result shows that A. cissampeloides is highly toxic to the juveniles of catfish and its use in fishing should be discouraged because of its harmful effect on the aquatic biota.

[Agbor R.B and Okoi E.P. The early life toxicity of Godogbo (Adenia cissampeloides) stem against catfish juveniles. Researcher 2014;6(9):17-19]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.03

Key words: Early, Toxicity, Adenia cissampeloides, Stem, Catfish, Juveniles

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Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Bacopa monnieri L.

Sharad Vats^1*, Radhika Tiwari²

¹Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali, University, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith- 304022, Rajasthan,India

² Department of Biotechnology, IIS University, Jaipur-302020 (Rajasthan), India

^*vats_sharad@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Medicinal plants have tremendous potential as therapeutic agents. Their uses have been described in ancient Indian manuscripts and are also part of several alternative therapies.  Bacopa monnieri L. commonly known as brahmi has been used in Indian system of medicine as brain tonic. In the present work antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of brahmi was evaluated. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was found to be 1.59% ± 0.24 GAE and 0.4% ± 0.1, respectively. The plant extract showed significant antioxidant activity when tested through DPPH, FRAP and NOSA assays. The test plant extract showed potential antimicrobial activity against test gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The result showed that brahmi, apart from being a brain tonic, can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent, which will be useful in alleviating several pathological conditions.

[Vats S and Tiwari R. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Bacopa monnieri L. Researcher 2014;6(9):20-23]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.04

Key Words: brahmi, brain tonic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, pathological conditions

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Numerical and Three-dimensional Modeling of Flow on Floodplains Covered with Vegetation by Sediment Simulation in Intakes with Multiblock Options (SSIIM) Software

Hamidreza Raeiszadeh¹, Saeed Boroomand-Nasab², and Hadi Moazed²

^1- Department of Civil Eng., Water Eng. Faculty, Islamic azad university, Shushtar, Iran

^2- Water Science Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran

boroomand@scu.ac.ir

Abstract :There are hydraulic differences between flow conditions in main section of  rivers and floodplains. Under such circumstances flow will be complicated in which they will create interference and width interchange of  momentum and also a great mass during flow. Thus, in this study, researchers have performed numerical simulation and three dimensional of flow in rivers with floodplains covered with vegetations. In this study, a series of data have been prepared by using hydraulic Basics related to flow in rivers with floodplains and also other researchers information about vegetation in flood plain, and then modeling by using SSIIM software. The results of modeling will be observed and analyzed by statistical indices of correlation coefficient, sensitivity coefficient, root mean square error and absolute error.

[Raeiszadeh, H., Boroomand-Nasab, S. and Moazed, H. Numerical and Three-dimensional Modeling of Flow on Floodplains Covered with Vegetation by Sediment Simulation in Intakes with Multiblock Options (SSIIM) Software. Researcher 2014;6(9):24-30]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.05

Key words: vegetation in floodplains, numerical simulation, three dimensional simulation, rivers with floodplains, SSIIM software.

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Genetic variability of maize genotypes under normal and water stress conditions

*Saif-ul-malook, Muhammad Ahsan,  Qurban Ali and Aamer mumtaz

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding author E-mail: saifulmalookpbg@gmail.com

Abstract: The prescribed study was conducted in the glasshouse of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan during crop growing season of 2013 under normal and drought condition. It was found that the genotypes OH8, K55TMS and A495-2 performed better under normal and drought stress conditions. Higher heritability and genetic advance was recorded for shoot length, root weight and biomass of seedling. It was concluded that significant correlation was found for root length with shoot length, fresh biomass, dry root length and dry shoot weight. Significant correlation of root length and shoot length indicated the genotypes with higher root and shoot length showed drought stress resistance. It was suggested that selection on the basis of root and shoot length may be helpful to improve maize yield under drought stress conditions.

[Saif-ul-malook, Muhammad Ahsan, Qurban Ali  and Aamer mumtaz . Genetic variability of maize genotypes under normal and water stress conditions. Researcher 2014;6(9):31-37]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.06

Keywords:  Zea mays, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, drought

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Evaluation of Sorghum Marketing in Danko-Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria

Musa D Baba¹, Ishaq D Sanchi¹, Jamilu S Dabai² and Amina Y Sabo¹

^1. Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Kebbi State College of Agriculture Zuru, Nigeria.

^2. Department of Agricultural Technology, Kebbi State College of Agriculture Zuru, Nigeria.

Email: musababa108@gmail.com

Abstract: The study examined the marketing of sorghum in Danko-Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and twenty four (124) sorghum marketers (producers, wholesalers and retailers) proportionate to the population in five (5) major markets in the study area. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, marketing efficiency and marketing margin. Result of the study showed that sorghum marketing is dominated by males (61.3%) and that sorghum marketing in the study area enjoys higher patronage by young people who are energetic enough to withstand the stress involved in the business. Most of the sorghum marketers in the study area are literate enough to give room for effective communication in doing their sorghum marketing. Sorghum marketing in the area is structured in such a way that there is ease of entry and exit. Furthermore, price of Sorghum is determined by market forces. Marketing margin of an average sorghum marketer in the study area was N1, 935 per 100kg and the percentage marketing margin was 41.19%. This indicated that Sorghum marketing in the study area was profitable and 100% retail price paid by the final consumer resulted in farm-to-retail price spread (marketing margin) of 41%. An average sorghum marketer in the study area earns a farm-to-retail price spread of 0.41kobo for every 1 Naira retail price paid by the final consumer in the marketing process. The marketing efficiency (0.240) of Sorghum in the study area was inefficient. Inadequate capital was the major problem faced by Sorghum marketers in the study area. It is therefore recommended that for effective performance of Sorghum marketing in the study area there is need for marketing associations to seek for loans from financial institutions.

[Musa D Baba, Ishaq D Sanchi, Jamilu S Dabai and Amina Y Sabo. Evaluation of Sorghum Marketing in Danko-Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Researcher 2014;6(9):38-42]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.07

Key words: sorghum; marketing; margin; efficiency; danko-wasagu

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Comparative studies for the arthropod fauna of cowpea plantations and their associated predators in two agro-ecological zones with climatic studies on the lima bean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (Treit.)

Fargalla F. H.*¹ and Fahim M. A.²

¹ Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, 12411 Giza, Egypt

² Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, P.O.Box 296 Dokki, 12411 Giza, Egypt

dr.fargalla.fh75@gmail.com

Abstract: The present work was conducted for two seasons (2011-2012) at Fayoum and Qalubiya Governorates to carry comparative studies for the arthropod fauna of cowpea plantations and their associated predators in two agro-ecological zones with climatic studies on the lima bean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (Treit.) and determine the heat units required for its activity. The obtained results revealed the same arthropod fauna and their associated predators in the two agro-ecological zones at Fayoum and Qalubiya Governorates. The populations of the arthropod fauna and their associated predators were varied in the two seasons in the two locations. The arthropod fauna include 9 insect species (C. purureipennis, E. inconspicuus, N. viridula, E. kerri, B. tabaci, M. sjostedti, E. zinckenella, H. armigera, L. boeticus) as well as Aphis spp. & Liriomyza spp. and one spider mite (T urticae) associated with cowpea plantations as Arthropod pests. The associated predators are Chrysoperla carnea; Coccinella undecimpunctata; Scymnus interruptus and Orius spp. as well as one unidentified species of true spider mite. Order Heteroptera and Lepidoptera have the highest number of insect species (3 insect species/ each). The heteropteran species are C. purureipennis; E. inconspicuus and N. viridula whereas the lepidopteron species are E. zinckenella; H. armigera and L. boeticus. Order Homoptera came in the third order with Aphid species (Aphis spp.) and one Aleyrodid species (B. tabaci) followed by order Diptera with Liriomyza spp. The lowest insect orders are Hemiptera and Thysanoptera, each one presented with one insect species as well as one spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The dominance percentages of arthropod pests were relatively lower in Qalubiya Governorate compared with Fayoum Governorate in the two growing seasons. Data showed contrast differences for the population density of eggs and larvae of E. zinckenella in the two studied seasons. The eggs were recorded on the 2^nd week of June and larvae were appeared with few numbers in the 2^nd week of June in the both locations. The eggs of E. zinckenella peaked on 1^st week of July whereas the larval population peaked during 3^rd week of July in both seasons. Fluctuation of daily mean temperatures showed negative relation on E. zinckenella population during the studied periods in the two locations. Calculated DDU confirmed the variability of insect population in the two locations and growing seasons. Results indicated positive relationships between accumulated DDU and the population density of E. zinckenella in the two ecosystems during two successive seasons. The present study has created new opportunities to study such effects by methodological developments and for dynamic program of integrated pest management under different ecological conditions in Egypt.

[Fargalla F. H. and Fahim M. A. Comparative studies for the arthropod fauna of cowpea plantations and their associated predators in two agro-ecological zones with climatic studies on the lima bean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (Treit.). Researcher 2014;6(9):43-52]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.08

Key Words:  Arthropod pests, predators, heat units, integrated pest management

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Study of the Metal-Matrix Composite materials for Wear based Application-A review

L.Mohanta*

B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai-48

lachhaman2002@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Since a single material can’t meet the requirements of engineering environments that is why the need for composites materials with unique properties is growing every year. So the metal matrix composite came into use because of the high wear resistance and mechanical properties of metal matrix composites, they are widely used in the field such as aerospace, automotive, aircraft, defense, sports and appliance industries. Metal matrix composites (MMCs), like most composite materials, provide significantly enhanced properties over conventional monotonic materials, such as higher weight savings, strength and stiffness. Metal-Matrix composites play a vital role in industrial metallurgical processes because of the tremendous development of the present engineering sectors. The metal-matrix composite has a great advantageous properties and reasonable costing increases the performance of the machineries and it also much more profitable technology than powder metallurgical processes. Metal-matrix composites can mainly prepared by metallic materials, ceramic materials and non-metallic materials.

[L.Mohanta. Study of the Metal-Matrix Composite materials for Wear based Application-A review. Researcher 2014;6(9):53-55]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.09

Keywords: MMC (Metal Matrix Composite), Wear Application, Strength and Stiffness

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Effect of Training on the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of Athletes

Anugweje KC¹ and Ayalogu EO²

¹Department of Health Services, Lulu Briggs Health Centre, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria;

²Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

e-mail: kanugweje@hotmail.com; Tel: +2348033382154

Abstract: The influence of training on serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of athletes was investigated in this study. The study involved a 6 week-long high intensity exercise programme to establish the effect of training on athletes. These studies preceded the clinical trials of some nutritional supplements, on two (200) athletes and exercise enthusiasts randomly assigned to a test group and a control group. There were significant increase in LDH values after training for both groups: 307.0 ± 7.80 IU/L (Pre-training) and 493.40 ± 12.60 IU/L (Post-training), for the test group and 353.70 ± 13.10 IU/L (Pre-training) and 521.10 ± 8.30 (Post-training), for the control group. These findings suggest that training may cause moderate to extensive microscopic muscles tissue damage as a result of lipid peroxidation of muscle cell membranes due to increased production of free radicals. This causes the leakage of intracellular LDH into the capillaries of skeletal muscles and then to the general circulation.

[Anugweje KC  and Ayalogu EO. Effect of Training on the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of Athletes. Researcher 2014;6(9):56-60]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.10

Key words: Athletes, Endurance Training, LDH

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Evaluation of Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Cookies Produced from Sweet Potato- Maize Flour Blends

Adeyeye, Samuel A. ^{1, *}, Akingbala, John O. ²

^1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

^2. Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria.

saadeyeye@yahoo.com; jakingbala@gmail.com

Abstract: Evaluation of nutritional and sensory properties of cookies produced from sweet potato- maize flour blends was carried out. Substitution of maize flour with sweet potato flour reduced the protein from 6.8-4.4%, moisture from 5.3-5.0%, crude fibre from 3.4-2.5% and fat from 9.8-8.5% of the composite flours and the cookies. The ash and sugar contents were increased from 4.3-5.8% for ash and 2.1-3.9% for sugar with increase in sweet potato flour substitution. The calorific value of the cookies decreased from 457-397cal/100g as the percentage of sweet potato flour increased in the maize flour cookies. Sensory evaluation results showed that the colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability changed significantly with increase in sweet potato flour substitution. The study concluded that cookies could be made from blends of flour from different tropical cereals and root and tuber crops which could complement the calorie need of the people and help in food security in Africa if properly harnessed. However, optimum substitution level was found to be 40%, above this, the product becomes less acceptable to the consumer.

[Adeyeye, Samuel A., Akingbala, John O. Evaluation of Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Cookies Produced from Sweet Potato- Maize Flour Blends. Researcher 2014;6(9):61-70]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.11

Key words: sweet potato, maize, flour, cookies, nutritional, quality

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New Computational Trends in Modeling and Evaluating Immune System Function against Pathogen Agents

Fereshteh Ghasemi ¹, Mohammad Hossein Feiz Haddad ²

^1.  Department of Information Technology, Payame Noor University, Iran

^2.  Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

f_ghasemy@pnu.ac.ir, hfeizhaddad@ajums.ac.ir; Tel: +98 611 336 7543

Abstract: The immune system is a complex system with multiple interacting, which full understanding the function and predict its behavior is vital in finding effective and safer treatments for diseases. This paper aimed to investigate and evaluates the immune system dynamics simulation models. Researches on modeling immune system interactions have been carried out over the past three decades and received noticeable results. The earliest immune system models that stand-alone were based on differential equation. Lately, different facets of artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, cellular automata and agent based models are used in simulating immune cell that its outcomes is very strong compared to the known classic results. Two rules-base models, cellular automaton and agent based model can satisfy immune system simulation well due to their unique characteristics.

[Ghasemi F, Feiz Haddad MH. New Computational Trends in Modeling and Evaluating Immune System Function against Pathogen Agents. Researcher 2014;6(9):71-76]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.12

Key words: Immune System; Artificial Intelligence; Fuzzy Logic; Cellular Automata; Agent Based Models

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Investigation the Impact of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) on Performance Measurement

Jahangir Zamani¹, Hamidreza Shamakhi²

                ^1. MSc student of Accounting

^2. Faculty Member of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch

Abstract: This research was carried out to improve the performance and efficiency, based on empirical evidence, in measurement of the relationship between using Accounting Information System (AIS) by Hormozgan Regional Water Company. In this study, a survey form knowledgeable people and experts working in the company taken, it was found that how much promotion and implementation of accounting information system has effect on productivity indicators. As the survey results have shown that accounting information systems (AIS) and positively correlated with improved performance, better accounting, finance and banking as well as proven ability, being reliable, timeliness, relevance, understandability information. In summary, it could be told that accounting information system will generate useful information. This research value accounting and increase efficiency and productivity as a result of the use of accounting information systems (AIS) determines in Hormozgan Regional Water Company.

[Jahangir Zamani, Hamidreza Shamakhi. Investigation the Impact of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) on Performance Measurement. Researcher 2014;6(9):77-80]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 13. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.13

Key words: Accounting Information Systems (AIS), Hormozgan Regional Water Company, performance measurement, productivity, financial reporting

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Handling destruction of rodent active burrows as mechanical control of the Nile grass rat, Arvicanthis niloticus in newly reclaimed lands

Abd El-Aleem S.S.Desoky ¹; A. Maher Ali²; K. H. Abdel-Gawad² and F.A. Abdel-Galil²

¹ Plant protection Department (Zoology), Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt

²Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt

abdelalem2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: The Nile grass rat, Arvicanthis niloticus was the dominant species considered in cultivated newly reclaimed lands. The highest reduction of rodent active burrows in control area was recorded in spring (52.21%), while the lowest was (20.63%) in autumn compared with the treated area by using the handling destroy of rodent active burrows, high reduction of rodent active burrows was recorded in spring (71.43%) the lowest was (49.20%) in autumn, Mechanical control of rodents by using the destruction of rodent active burrows achieved great success in rodent control under field conditions without environmental pollution and not costly.

[Abd El-Aleem S.S. Desoky; A. Maher Ali; K. H. Abdel-Gawad and F.A. Abdel-Galil. Handling destruction of rodent active burrows as mechanical control of the Nile grass rat, Arvicanthis niloticus in newly reclaimed lands. Researcher 2014;6(9):81-83]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 14. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.14

Keywords: Arvicanthis niloticus, Environmental pollution, Handling destroy, Rodent active burrows

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THE GREAT UNIVERSAL SPIN

The creation of the Universe and estimation of its lifetime

Dr Mohammed Faig A Alrazak

MBCHB (Bagdad), FRCS (London)

Abstract: The origin and creation of the Universe by the gradual formation of the energy wrapped around the elementary elements. This formation followed by the Great Cosmic spin or the Universal twister with its tremendous speed has led to the first nucleosynthesis from the eventual interaction of the fundamental or elementary elements, aided by the Universal energy and the Universal factor ends with the birth of the first primeval atom. There was no explosion and no Big Bang. In this theory, the Origin of the fundamental elements and the energy that led to the creation of the Universe are also revealed. This theory also provides the equation for calculation (according to current available knowledge) the life span or life time of the observable Universe.

[Mohammed Faig A Alrazak. The Great Universal Spin: The creation of the Universe and estimation of its lifetime. Researcher 2014;6(9):84-87]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 15. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.15

Keywords: universe; fundamental elements; mass; freedman equation; cosmos; life span; creation; lifetime; radiation; Hubble constant; galaxy; supernova; multiple universe, universal compartments

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Investigation reliability of Tobin's q theory, to measure the financial performance, based on experimental and theoretical approaches

Karim Riazati Sarvestani¹, Hasan Hemmati², Reza Mohseni³

¹. PhD Student of Accounting in National Accounting Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan

². Assistant Professor of Accounting in Raja higher Education Institute, Qazvin

³. Assistant Professor of Economics in Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran

Abstract: Nowadays, the performance assessment of organizations and private institutions is considered as the most important factor which has great effect on capital markets in all countries. But this effect would be possible when the owners of these institutions have an appropriate tool for evaluating possible potential investments. The present study based on the concepts of profit optimality in economies with different structures of perfect competitive, Tobin’s q theory, which is now considered to be one of the most important indicators for measuring the performance is theoretically and empirically validated and ratio of gross margin to total assets and the ratio of operating expenses to total assets that are extracted directly from the variables affecting the firm value as alternatives to the index q, is introduced. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the validity and reliability of the study, the mention parameters (ratios) with the variables of corporate governance mechanisms (board independence, institutional shareholders, major shareholders and earnings management) have been measured empirically and the results confirmed that the mention parameters (ratios) in current economic conditions of Iran are far more efficient than the Tobin’s index to measure the performance of organizations.

[Hasan Hemmati, Reza Mohseni, Seyed Reza Asadi. Investigation reliability of Tobin's q theory, to measure the financial performance, based on experimental and theoretical approaches. Researcher 2014;6(9):88-98]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 16. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.16

Key words: Tobin’s q, evaluating Performance, validity and reliability, ratio of gross margin to total assets, ratio of operation expenses to total assets

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The study of the relationship between handedness with antisocial behaviors among adolescents and young adults

Masoud Navidi Moghadam¹ (Corresponding author), Samira alsadat Hossaini Benvidi²

^1. Educator & Psychology student, Payame Noor University

2. Clinical Psychology student, Kish International Azad University

Na.m.modern.psy@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: The aim of present research was to study the relationship between handedness and anti-social behaviors in adolescents and young adults. Methods: For this purpose 166 individuals (minimum 14 and maximum 40 year old ones; 87 males and 79 females) were selected by cluster sampling from the 1600 individuals of Qom’s correcting and training centers. Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (revised by Oldfield) was used to measure handedness. Results: Given that about 10% of populations are left-handed, chi-square shows a significant level of than 0.01 (20.3). The findings indicated that there is significant relationship between behaviors. Conclusion: The results show that handedness by itself is related to anti-social behaviors. So we need to worry about the abnormal behaviors among right-handed population.

[Masoud Navidi Moghadam, Samira alsadat Hossaini Benvidi. The study of the relationship between handedness with antisocial behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Researcher 2014;6(9):99-105]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 17. doi:10.7537/marsrsj060914.17

Key words: lateralization, handedness, anti-social behaviors

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