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High-Altitude Allomorphic Adaptations of Codonopsis clematidea in Gilgit-Baltistan

Sania, Ghazala Shaheen, Imrana Wali, Hina Ruby, Midhat Fatima, Mahnoor Fatima, Tika Khan

Department of Plant Sciences, Karakoram International University, Konodas Gilgit, 15100

saniaraziq44@gmail.com

Abstract: This study examines the morphometric and allometric characteristics of Codonopsis clematidea, a medicinal and ecologically important plant that grows in high-altitude regions. Specimens were collected from ten locations in the Bagrot Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, to assess morphological variations in response to environmental factors. Measurements of sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, and leaves showed that sepals, stamens, and carpels had very little variation, which means there is strong genetic control. The widths and areas of petals indicated slight variation, while those of leaves revealed a moderate sensitivity to altitude, temperature, and sunlight, thereby hinting that environmental factors determine their sizes. Mean petal area was 173.0 mm², R²=0.23, while leaf area 190.9 mm², R²=0.0078, signifying that they have had stable growth conditions for all. These findings illustrate the genetic stability of floral forms and their limited response to environmental gradients. This work explains some ecological adaptations of C. clematidea and contributes to understanding plant responses in high-altitude ecosystems. Moreover, floral features can be considered reliable for classification and leaves does not show higher levels of reliability.

[Sania, Ghazala Shaheen, Imrana Wali, Hina Ruby, Midhat Fatima, Mahnoor Fatima, Tika Khan. High-Altitude Allomorphic Adaptations of Codonopsis clematidea in Gilgit-Baltistan. Researcher 2025;17(5):1-6]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 01. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170525.01 

Keywords: Codonopsis clematidea; morphometry; allometry; high-altitude adaptation; Bagrot Valley

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The Role and Challenges of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Cultivation in Nigrian Agriculture

Simisola Sandra Araba, Precious Oghenekparobor Omoluwa* and Benjamin Ojochegbe Idakwoji

¹Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Email: preciousomoluwa68@gmail.com

Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) plays a crucial role in Nigerian agriculture and significantly contributes to small-scale farmers' food security and income generation. It is a staple vegetable in many Nigerian households and is also valued for its nutritional benefits, including vitamins A and C, fibers, and antioxidants. This review paper highlight the various challenges confronting the cultivation of okra. Pests and disease outbreaks, such as okra leaf curl virus and aphids, pose serious threats that result in reduced yield and quality of products. Furthermore, many farmers lack access to high-quality seeds, which are essential for establishing resilient crops under the militating changes in climatic conditions. The lack of high-quality fertilizers further exacerbates this problem and limits the potential for optimal growth and productivity were also identified as factors constraining small-holders farmers in expanding their production. Furthermore, postharvest losses are often a significant obstacle, resulting from inadequate storage facilities and poor processing practices that lead to damage reduces farmers return on invesment. These challenges require urgent and targeted interventions. To address these constraints through improved agricultural practices, access to resources, and better training for farmers, it is essential to increase okra's productivity to meet the increasing population demand. This will, in turn, help ensure a sustainable contribution of the okra to the agricultural sector and the overall economy, ultimately improving the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in Nigeria.

[Araba SS, Omoluwa PO, Idakwoji BO. The Role and Challenges of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Cultivation in Nigrian Agriculture. Researcher 2025;17(5):7-13]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 02. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170525.02

Keywords: Okra; sustainable production; climate change; small-scale farmers; cultivation challenges.

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Review Of Literature On The Drama And Theatre Arts On Academic Performance

* Mihir Yaduvanshi and **Dr. Raj Kumar Sharma

*Research Scholar, Department of Performing Art, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Professor, Department of Performing Art, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email:Moshujimmy2@gmail.com

Abstract: Previous reviews of literature on the effects on constructs of self and student participation in a theatre arts program are inconclusive. While they hold convergent findings on the positive health effects in relation to student participation in theatre arts, their findings diverge on the effects  of the constructs of self and are inconclusive. The literature suggests the need for more research in this field with additional qualitative data. This leads to the purpose of this review of literature which is to update the current literature and expand the qualitative research on the relationship between theatre arts participation and students’ learning outcomes. Research suggests theatre arts participation benefits student’s academic and nonacademic outcomes. The purpose of this literature review was to identify the extent to which a relationship exists between participation in theatre arts and student outcomes for students K-12. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Results found theatre arts programs were positively related to self-beliefs, provide positive outcome experiences, foster student development, increase interpersonal and social skills, and expand theatre arts skills. The results indicate the importance of the creative process in theatre arts, which includes play production, theatre devising and theatre workshops and classes. The evidence from these findings suggest that students may benefit from the experiences of participation in a theatre arts program through the creative process and increase student outcomes through social and emotional development, enhancing self-beliefs, and increasing theatre arts skills. This informs current practice in implantation of a theatre arts program, which could include play production, theatre devising and theatre classes and workshops.

[Yaduvanshi, M. and Sharma, R.K. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON THE DRAMA AND THEATRE ARTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. Researcher 2025;17(5):14-18]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 03. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170525.03

Keywords: Theatre; drama; outcomes; self-beliefs; synthesis; performance art; creative

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Eco - forecast

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

8. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:   What is Ecological forecasting?  Forecasting refers to the practice of predicting what will happen in the future by considering events in the past and present. An ecological forecast predicts changes in ecosystems and ecosystem components in response to an ecological driver such as climate variability, extreme weather conditions, pollution, or habitat change.  Ecological forecasting-attempting to predict the nature and intensity of the Micro-ecological  and Macro-ecological forces that are likely to affect a firm's decision-making and have an impact upon its performance in a given period. Biological forecasting that predicts where and when organisms can occur as limited by the physical environment and organisms also connected to microclimates. The predictions are made using models of the physical processes of energy and mass exchange between organisms and their ecosystems and environments. Accordingly, many animals, fish, birds, reptiles, and  insects  predict the climate changes and natural calamities in advance. I have done many research and studies on this Ecological forecasting and made some proposals in this research paper to predict the climate changes and natural calamities in advance as outlined below.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Eco – forecast. Researcher 2025;17(5):19-94]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 04. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170525.04

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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