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NATURAL GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN BUKHARA REGION

Ahrorbek Usmonov

Samarkand State University. Uzbekistan.

Phone: (+998) 91 312-92-76. Email: ahroru85@gmail.com

ORCID ID 0009-0005-5680-5806

Abstract. In recent years, the rapidly growing population in Uzbekistan, the industrialization of the country’s economy, the growing demand for usable land, and the demand for settlements are also increasing. In particular, as a result of an increase in the density of the population in urban centers, various natural, socio-economic and ecological problems arise. The development of human settlements is somewhat complicated, especially in parts of the Oasis, which are surrounded by desert. In such areas, a sharp decrease in water content in recent years, an extremely low amount of precipitation, as well as a high level of evaporation, a high level of salinity directly negatively affect the network of human settlements of the population. This article provides a Geographical survey of the human settlements of the Bukhara region, located in the central part of the Bukhara Oasis. The article presents suggestions and recommendations on the specific geographical position of human settlements in the territory, population, history of formation, net of human settlements, problems of human settlements and their solution, and considerations on the prospects for development.

[Ahrorbek Usmonov. NATURAL GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN BUKHARA REGION. Researcher 2025;17(12):1-5]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 01. doi:10.7537/marsrsj171225.01

Key words. Human settlement; Bukhara region; Bukhara Oasis; net of human settlements; rural settlements.

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MENACE OF EARLY PREGNANCY BY TEENAGE GIRLS: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

¹Oyegoke O. A., ²Bagbe A., ³Olawale A. O., ⁴Akinbo R.I.  ⁵Omotosho, M. I.  and ⁵Akomolafe A. A.

¹Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, P.M.B 301, Iree, Osun State.

[odunayo4mine@gmail.com]

²Department of  Mathematical Sciences, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa.

[aa.Bagbe@oaustech.edu.ng ]

³Department of Statistics, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State [oludayobola@gmail.com]

⁴Department of Mathematics and statistics, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State [rasaki.akinbo@federalpolyilaro.edu.ng]

⁵Department of Statistics, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria [miomotosho@futa.edu.ng ;  akomolafeayotade@gmail.com]

ABSTRACT: Teenage pregnancy, the term in every day speech usually refers to women who have not reached legal adulthood to become pregnant. This can be attributed to illiteracy, societal practices and poverty encouraging girls enter into sexual relationship at an early age. In Nigeria, more than 23% of females aged between 15-19 years are bearing children. A case of under-aged girl usually within ages of thirteen to nineteen years becoming pregnant is a serious cankerworm that has eaten deep to the fabric of our societies inhibiting the growth of the society in this contemporary period. This can be attributed to illiteracy, societal practices and poverty, encouraging girls enter into sexual relationship at an early age. This condemnable situation leads to numbers  of complications which include; sexually transmitted diseases, school drop outs, pressure on the health sector, increased immortality to mention but a few. This study focused on the menace of this act among the teenagers in our society, descriptive method to identify basic factors and their effects using primary data. Some of the root causes identified are poverty, peer pressure and media influence while the effects include: school drop-out, inadequate care for the child born by teenage mother, health problems and a host of other vices. The study suggested adequate parental care, eradication of street hawking and inculcation of moral values through religious bodies as ways of reducing teenage pregnancy in Nigeria.

[Oyegoke O. A., Bagbe A., Olawale A. O., Akinbo R.I. Omotosho, M. I.  and Akomolafe A. A. MENACE OF EARLY PREGNANCY BY TEENAGE GIRLS: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES. Researcher 2025;17(12):6-20]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 02. doi:10.7537/marsrsj171225.02

KEYWORDS: Teenage pregnancy; Sexual Relationship Poverty; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; School          Drop-out

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REVIEW ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN BNISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Endalkacho Mekonen and Asmamaw Aki*

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

SUMMARY:  Trypanosomosis is a haemoprotozoan disease, mostly transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina spp.), which cause severe disease in humans and livestock in Sub-Saharan Africa. The disease results in loss of livestock and agricultural productivity with serious socio-economic consequences. In Ethiopia, Animal trypanosomosis is widely distributed in western and southwestern part of the country. It is estimated that some 10 to 14 million heads of cattle in Ethiopia and an equivalent number of small ruminants together with a significant number of equines and camels are exposed to the risk of trypanosomosis. Six species of trypanosomes are recorded in Ethiopia and the most important trypanosomes in terms of economic loss are the tsetse transmitted species: Trypanosome congolense, T. vivax and T. b. brucei. Similarly, Benishangul Gumuz regions is one of the tsetse belt area, and five Glossina spp (G. morsitans submorsitans, G. Pallidipes, G. tachnoides, G. f. fuscipes and G. longipennis) were investigated in the region, and hence T. congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei were identified in the region and nearly 31,000 km2 or 62% of the region’s total land area is believed to be infested with tsetse fly in the region.  The pathogenesis of trypanosomosis depends on the pathogenicity of the strain; the host breed, genotype, age, sex, skin type etc.  Animal trypanosomosis could be treated by antitrypanosomal drugs.  However, trypanocidal drug resistance is increasingly reported all over Africa and is now present in 21 sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia. Animal trypanosomosis can be controlled by early treatment of infected animal and vector control.  Thus, it is recommended that an appropriate use of antiprotozoal drugs, integrated prevention and control program should be implemented to reduce the impact of trypanosomosis.

[Endalkacho Mekonen and Asmamaw Aki. REVIEW ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN BNISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. Researcher 2025;17(12):21-30]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 03. doi:10.7537/marsrsj171225.03

Key words: Animal; Africa; Benishagul Gumuz; Ethiopia. Trypanosomosis; Tsetse fly

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Methods Of Using Interactive Cartographic Resources And Their Effectiveness In Increasing Students’ Ecological Activity

Alimdjanov Farkhodjon Nimadjonovich¹, Turdaliev Ibrokhim Erali ogli²

¹Lecturer, University of Business and Science, Namangan, 160107, Uzbekistan.

²Lecturer, Namangan State University, Namangan, 160107, Uzbekistan.

alimjonov.f@mail.ru ibrokhimturdaliev@gmail.com

Abstract. The growing scale of environmental threats makes the formation of environmentally responsible and proactive student behavior one of the key tasks of higher education. Interactive cartographic resources-such as Web-GIS, online maps, story maps, and virtual excursions-represent a promising tool that allows visualizing the spatial distribution of ecological problems and connecting theoretical knowledge with the local context. The purpose of this article is to describe the methods of using interactive cartographic resources in higher education and assess their impact on students’ environmental activism. The research was conducted in the form of a quasi-experiment involving 120 students in environmental and geographical fields, divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group worked within a model that included the analysis of existing Web-GIS projects, the development of students’ own interactive maps of local ecological problems, and virtual ecological excursions. The results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in environmental knowledge, value orientations, and eco-oriented behavior among students in the experimental group compared with the control group. The strongest effect was observed in project-based work involving the creation of interactive maps of local environmental issues. The study concludes that deliberate integration of interactive cartographic resources into courses on ecology and sustainable development is highly beneficial and offers practical recommendations for educators.

[Alimdjanov F at. el. Methods Of Using Interactive Cartographic Resources And Their Effectiveness In Increasing Students’ Ecological Activity. Researcher 2025;17(12):31-34]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 04. doi:10.7537/marsrsj171225.04

Keywords: interactive cartographic resources; Web-GIS; environmental education; students’ environmental activism; ecological mapping; virtual excursions; digital didactics.

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