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Important Pedagogical Approaches To Developing Teachers' Methodological Competence In The Professional Instruction System

Boymirzaev Hurshidjon Karimjonovich¹, Tuhtasinov Muhammad Gulomjon ugli²

Associate Professor of Namangan State University, Associate Professor of Namangan Regional Pedagogical Skills Center, Namangan, Uzbekistan

Annotation: Developing teachers' methodological competence is an intricate and challenging endeavor. The complexity of this process is underscored by the diversity of teachers involved in the training system, each possessing varying levels of professional knowledge, the capacity to navigate pedagogical situations effectively, and the ability to comprehend, accept, and swiftly adapt to educational changes. To address these challenges, it is essential to identify key pedagogical approaches that foster the development of methodological competence within the advanced training system and, based on these approaches, establish a strategic plan of action. The article examines these critical  pedagogical  approaches  to developing teachers' methodological competence in advanced training, exploring their fundamental principles.

[Boymirzaev H. at. el. Important pedagogical approaches to developing teachers' methodological competence in the professional instruction system. Researcher 2026;18(6):1-6]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 01. doi:10.7537/marsrsj180626.01

Key words: teacher training system; teacher; competence; methodological competence; development of methodological competence; pedagogical approach; pedagogical approaches to the development of methodological competence of teachers

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Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Associated With Heavy Metal Polluted Soil in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

Oyetunji,i Funmitan Nike

Department of Life Science, National Space Research and Development Agency

                                               Email: Ofunmitan@gmail.com

Abstract: This study investigated the isolation and characterization of bacteria associated with heavy metal–polluted soils in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. A total of fifteen soil samples were collected from Lugbe, Gwagwalada, and Dutse-Alhaji and analyzed for physicochemical properties and microbial content. Standard microbiological techniques, including serial dilution, culture on selective media, and biochemical tests, were employed for the isolation and identification of bacterial species. The results revealed that soil pH ranged from 5.1 to 5.6 while the moisture of the soil ranged from 2.12 to 2.81. The organic matter content and the water holding capacity content also ranged from 1.03 to 2.03 and 3.35 to 3.43 respectively. A total of nineteen bacterial isolates were identified, including Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In Gwagwalada, B. cereus (3) was the most occurring bacteria, followed by Bacillus licheniformis (2) and only one (1) B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa each, were isolated. In Dutse, Bacillus subtilis (3) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2) were the only bacteria present in the soil samples. Meanwhile, B. subtilis (3) was the most prevalent in Lugbe soil, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2), B. Megaterium and Klebsiella pneumonia present recorded only one each. The bacterial associated with the heavy metal polluted soil at different locations in FCT, Abuja was not significantly different (P≤ 0.05). Among these, Bacillus subtilis (37%) was the most frequently occurring species, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26%), three B. cereus (16%), and two Bacillus licheniformis (11%) while only one (1) B. Megaterium and Klebsiella pneumonia represented 5% each were isolated. The findings highlight the presence of indigenous bacteria with significant potential for bioremediation of heavy metal–polluted soil. The study therefore recommends further exploration of these bacterial isolates for sustainable and eco-friendly soil remediation strategies.

[Oyetunji,i Funmitan Nike. Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Associated With Heavy Metal Polluted Soil in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Researcher 2026;18(6):7-13]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 02. doi:10.7537/marsrsj180626.02

Keywords: Bacterial isolates; Heavy metal; polluted soil

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Epidemiology of Fasciolosis in Small Ruminants and Assess Control Practice in Selected Districts of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

Birara Ayalneh Tamiru

Hulet Ejjue Enesie District Veterinary Clinic East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT： A cross sectional study using questionnaire survey and coprological examination technique was conducted in Hulet Ejjue Enesie and Bibugne districts of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia from February 2025 to January 2026 to determine the prevalence of Sheep and Goat fasciolosis, associated risk factors and their control practice. The questionnaire survey indicated that small ruminant fasciolosis control practice in the study area was poor. Among the major constraints identified by the respondents’ poor management systems, pond and river watering point, marsh grazing area, shortage of anthelmintics, inaccurate dose and lack of well organized laboratory are the main ones. A total of 414 fecal samples were randomly collected directly from the rectum of individual animal. Parasitological investigation was performed using sedimentation technique. Data were analyzed using Stata version12.0 software programs. Accordingly, an overall prevalence 41.3% was observed (56.44 %) in sheep and (7 %) in goats. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in prevalence between species, age group, body condition and district for each factor associated with Fasciola infection. The chance of Fasciola infection was 17.6 times higher among ovine than those caprine. Fasciola infection in the current study was 6.1 and 5.6 times higher chance among small ruminants with adult and old respectively than those with young animals. Similarly Fasciola infection with poor and medium body conditions had 4.8 and 2.4 times higher level of infection than those with good body conditions respectively. Fasciola infection at Hulet Ejju Enesie was 2.7 times higher level of infection than Bibugne district. In conclusion the questionnaire survey and parasitogical examination revealed that fasciolosis is a major health problem in small ruminants in both districts. Therefore, during the control and treatment of small ruminant fasciolosis age group, body condition, district and species of the animals should be considered as potential risk factors for the occurrence of parasitic disease in the study areas.

[Birara Ayalneh Tamiru. Epidemiology of Fasciolosis in Small Ruminants and Assess Control Practice in Selected Districts of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Researcher 2026;18(6):14-23]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 03. doi:10.7537/marsrsj180626.03

Keywords: Bibugne; Caprin; Control; Fasciolosis; Hulet Ejjue enesie; Ovine; Prevalence

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Australian Monsoon Time Scale importance to establish because in the coming years all the world countries will be heavy rains and floods

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1,Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  Currently, the world is ravaged by heavy rains and floods. Particularly, According to the reports Global Monsoon Time Scales, it is known that there will be major global climate changes in the coming years "i.e"  heavy rains, floods and storms etc. will occur until about 2075 and there will be droughts and famines etc. until about 2150. So the countries of the world have built Monsoon Time Scales for their respective Monsoon regions to sense climate change early. Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of the climate changes. Plans can be made accordingly. I call on the world scientists to design and establish the Australian Monsoon Time Scale following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice.       

Keywords:   Global Monsoons Time Scales, North American Monsoon Time Scale, North African Monsoon Time Scale, Indian Monsoons Time Scale, East Asian Monsoon Time Scale, Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale, South American Monsoon Time Scale, South African Monsoon Time Scale, Australian Monsoon Time Scale, European Monsoon Time Scale. 

[Gangadhar. Australian Monsoon Time Scale importance to establish because in the coming years all the world countries will be heavy rains and floods. Researcher 2026;18(6):24-73]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 04. doi:10.7537/marsrsj180626.04

Keywords: Australian; Monsoon Time Scale; world countries; rains and floods

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