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Physiological Studies on Fertilization of Superior Grapevines by Nano Technology System

Faissal, F. Ahmed; Ahmed, M.K. Abdelaal and Basma A. E. A. Dabdoub

Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ. Egypt

faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried out during 2016 and 2017 seasons to examine the effect of normal NPK and boron versus nano fertilizers on growth, vine nutritional status and fruiting of Superior grapevines. Using nano NPK and boron fertilizers was superior than using normal ones in enhancing growth, vine nutritional status, yield and berries quality. Increasing concentrations of nano- boron from 0.005 to 0.01 % and nano-NPK from 0.05 to 0.1 % failed to show measurable promotionon all investigated parameters. Supplying Superior grapevines with NPK via nano systems at 0.05 % was suggested to be beneficial for promoting yield and berries quality.

[Faissal, F. Ahmed; Ahmed, M.K. Abdelaal and Basma A. E. A. Dabdoub. Physiological Studies on Fertilization of Superior Grapevines by Nano Technology System. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):1-9]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 1. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.01.

Key words: Nano, normal, technology, Superior grapevines, NPK, boron, growth, yield, berries quality

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Suggestions on the Present Situation of Environmental Tax in China

Li Ping, Gao Xue

Department of Economics College of Humanities and social science of Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

hitlipingls@aliyun.com

Abstract: Environmental pollution has become a common problem facing the world today, restricting the development of the economy and threatening the survival of mankind. Effective environmental tax bills can improve the efficiency of market operation, and a reasonable environmental tax base and tax rate can achieve effective resource allocation. Therefore, based on the existing theory of environmental tax, this paper analyzes the positive effects and defects of the Chinese environmental tax system in the implementation process. In view of the choice of taxpayers, the delimitation of Taxation objects, the adjustment of tax rates and relevant preferential measures, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for further improving China's environmental tax system.

[Li Ping, Gao Xue. Suggestions on the Present Situation of Environmental Tax in China. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):10-15]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 2. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.02.

Keywords: environmental taxes; market failure; external effect

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Performance Evaluation Of Polythene Modified Hma Using UTM-5P

Muhammad I. Khan ¹, Kamran M. Khan², M. A. Kamal³, Hanif Ullah⁴, Kafayat Ullah⁵, Syed Shahan Ali Shah⁶

¹(Corresponding Author) Lecturer, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia (engineermik@gmail.com)

²Associate Prof, Dept. of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan

³Prof, Dept. of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan

⁴ Lecture, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

⁵ Assistant Prof., Civil Engineering Department, IQRA National University, Peshawar, Pakistan

⁶ Lab Engineer, IQRA National University, Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract: The continuously increase in traffic volume and poor construction practice during the last few decades in combination with a poor maintenance due to Government policy and shortage of funds has caused the road network deteriorated continuously in Pakistan. The increasing traffic load and compromise on quality of construction are the main causes of pavement failures, especially rutting and fatigue cracks. In this situation the problem should be investigated and its proper solution should be proposed. In the current study, Low Density Polythene (LDP) was used as one kind of additive to HMA to observe the improving properties of asphalt mix. The proportion of polythene was kept as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25 % (3 samples for each proportion) by weight of Bitumen content. The Repeated load uniaxial strain test was carried out using Universal Testing Machine (UTM-5P) on marshal prepared samples. The results showed an improved resistance to permanent deformation of Polythene modified mixes as compared to conventional mix. It was also observed that HMA containing 20% LDP by weight of bitumen showed best performance in terms of resistance against accumulated strain.

[Muhammad I. Khan, Kamran M. Khan, M. A. Kamal, Hanif Ullah, Kafayat Ullah, Syed Shahan Ali Shah. Performance Evaluation Of Polythene Modified Hma Using UTM-5P. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):16-20]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 3. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.03.

Key words: Creep Stiffness, Low Density Polythene (LDP), Permanent Deformation, UTM-5P

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Prevalence and Determinant of Stunting among Children aged 6-59 Months Old in Gondar Zuria Woreda, North West Ethiopia

Animut Ayelign¹ and Belete Debebe Tekle²

¹MSc Student, Department of Population Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Gondar, Ethiopia

Email: tgistenate@gmail.com

²Lecturer, Department of Population Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Gondar, Ethiopia

Emails: beleaman2005@gmail.com or belebete@yahoo.com

Abstract: Globally, four children die in every minute, one child in four children is stunted in the world and four in every 10 children in sub-Saharan Africa are stunted due to malnutrition. Stunting is one of the public health problems results in linear growth retardation and results from inadequate intake of food over a long period of time. In Ethiopia in general and Amhara region in particular, stunting is one of nutritional problems that affect child survival. The objective of this study is thus to examine the prevalence and determinant of stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Gondar Zuria Woreda, North West Ethiopia. In this study a cross-sectional community based research design was used. The respondents were mothers with infants 6-59 months. A total of 590 children from 6-59 months age were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Data on stunting children were collected by measuring the height of all children age 6-59 months. Pre-tested structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurement were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics: percentage and frequency table. Moreover, inferential statistics: bivariate analysis was used to see the degree of association between dependent and independent variables and binary logistic regression was used to see the determinant factors influencing stunting among children aged 6-59 months. The result revealed the proportion of stunting among children is relatively high (48 percent). The logistic regression result revealed child age, family monthly income, child received pre-lacteal feeding and maternal educational status were found to be significant predictor stunting. The finding suggests stunting among children 6-59 months is multi-dimensional and highly prevalent which continue to be a public health burden in the study area. Thus, a coordinated effort to improve the nutritional status of children by all concerned bodies needed to overcome the overridden problems of stunting among children age 6-59 months.

[Animut Ayelign and Belete Debebe Tekle. Prevalence and Determinant of Stunting among Children aged 6-59 Months Old in Gondar Zuria Woreda, North West Ethiopia. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):21-31]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 4. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.04.

Keywords: Stunting; under-five children; prevalence; determinants; odd ratio

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Group formation and participation for effective performance among farmers: A case study of CRIN adopted village, Aba-agbo.

Adebiyi, S, Uwagboe, E.O, Agbongiarhuoyi, A.E, Famuyiwa, B.S., Oduwole, O.O. Abdul-karim, I, F, Williams, O.A and Agbebaku, E. E. O.

Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Abstract: The active roles played by groups in achieving a set standard in crop production in no doubt led to improve standard of living of the peasant farmers in the country. Poor emphasis on group formation and participation has been generally recognized as one of the major constraints not only in understanding the behaviour of farmers but also providing solutions to their problems. The study examined groups and members participation within the group. The study was carried out among farmers in Aba-Agbo community in Oluyole Local Government of Oyo State Nigeria. Aba-Agbo was purposively chosen due to the concentration of farmers in the area. Data were collected with structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square. The results showed that 60% of the farmers were illiterate with few land available for farm work. Majority of the respondents (61.8%) got their source of finance through personal savings. Some respondents (46.4%) belonged to 3 groups (male (24%), female (16%) and youth (7%) while more than half of the respondents (53.6%) refused to affiliate with groups due to poor coordination and inadequacy within the group. Female and youth group played active roles in nursery activities while male group participated actively in field establishment and farm maintenance. Farming and credit facilities were the main activities of farmers while lack of control of resources was the major reason causing crises among members but (80.9%) of the respondents opined that the use of legitimization and local leaders remain the best strategy for managing the crises. A significant relationship exists between respondents’ education and farm size and reasons for not belonging to group association (χ² = 26.380, 29.412 P <0.05). It is recommended that literate farmers and a well-organized cooperative society be empowered through a group managed project in order to encourage participation and good delivery of research results to farmers in the community.

[Adebiyi, S, Uwagboe, E.O, Agbongiarhuoyi, A.E, Famuyiwa, B.S., Oduwole, O.O. Abdul-karim, I, F, Williams, O.A and Agbebaku, E. E. O. Group formation and participation for effective performance among farmers: A case study of CRIN adopted village, Aba-agbo. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):32-38]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 5. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.05.

Keywords: Legitimization, Local leaders, Group participation, Farmers

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The Enlightenment of Shanghai Free Trade Zone to the Development of Heilongjiang Foreign Trade from the Perspective of Tax Policy

Ping Li, Yizhou Yang

Department of Economics, College of Humanities and social science of Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

hitlipingls@aliyun.com

Abstract: The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone is an active exploration and bold experiment by the Chinese government in foreign trade, taxation systems, laws and regulations. The Shanghai Free Trade Zone will continue to improve its self-system according to its own development and find a way to economic development that can be replicated and extended to the whole country. The “replicable and scalable” tax policy owned by the Shanghai Free Trade Zone can be used to draw lessons from Heilongjiang’s foreign trade, and to tax some issues such as the trade structure and total trade volume of Longjiang’s foreign trade, finance, and investment. The guiding significance of the aspect has a strong practical significance and reference for the economic development of Heilongjiang Province, and provides theoretical support for Heilongjiang Province's comprehensive and healthy economic development.

[ Ping Li, Yizhou Yang. The Enlightenment of Shanghai Free Trade Zone to the Development of Heilongjiang Foreign Trade from the Perspective of Tax Policy. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):39-43]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 6. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.06.

Keywords: Free trade; Tax policy; International investment

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Indigenous Knowledge in agriculture

Esmaeel Ghorbani, Maryam Khodamoradi, Mehran Bozorgmanesh* and Abbas Emami

Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

*Corresponding author: mehran11070@yahoo.com

Abstract: Indigenous knowledge owners of world in current age (which known as information age) have valuable experiences from industry age and from inappropriate exploitation of their natural sources. These countries have learned that exporting produced goods is better than selling petroleum. enforcing indigenous productive system at villages and also encouraging youths and teens to learn indigenous knowledge at on hand, and preparing suitable research condition for applied-sciences scholars in order to identify better and increasing applied aptitude of indigenous knowledge at the other hand, is equal to protection and sustainable use of natural resources.

[Esmaeel Ghorbani, Maryam Khodamoradi, Mehran Bozorgmanesh and Abbas Emami. Indigenous Knowledge in agriculture. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):44-49]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 7. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.07.

Keywords: indigenous knowledge; agriculture

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Harmonizing Rural Tourism and Rural Communities in Malaysia

May-Chiun, Lo ¹, Peter Songan ², Abang Azlan Mohamad ¹, Alvin W. Yeo³

^1. Faculty of Economic and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Sarawak, Malaysia. mclo@feb.unimas.my

^2. Faculty of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Sarawak, Malaysia.

Songan@cans.unimas.my

^3. Institute of Social Informatics and Technological Innovations, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Sarawak, Malaysia alvin@isiti.unimas.my

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the tourism impact on social, economics, environment and cultural from local communities perspectives. 184 respondents comprising of local communities from 34 rural tourism sites in Malaysia took part in this study. SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) was applied based on path modelling and bootstrapping with 200 re-samples to analyse the data. The findings suggested cultural, social, repositioning of the destination and environment were most concerned by local communities. Implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and directions for future research were discussed further.

[Lo, MC, Songan, P. Abang Azlan Mohamad, Yeo, A.W. Harmonizing Rural Tourism and Rural Communities in Malaysia. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):48-57]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 8. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.08.

Keywords: Rural tourism, Local Communities, Economics, Environment, Social, Cultural

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Hydraulic Modeling for Assessing Flood in Soan River under New Scenario of its Catchment

Hashim Nisar Hashmi ⁽¹, Habib-ur-Rehman ⁽², Faisal Mateen ⁽³, Usman Ali Naeem*⁽⁴, Abdur Razzaq Ghumman ⁽⁵, Muhammad Ali Shamim ⁽⁴

¹⁾ Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan

²⁾ Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UET Lahore, Pakistan

³⁾ Senior Engineer, National Engineering Services Pakistan Pvt. Ltd. Islamabad, faisal.civil@gmail.com

⁴⁾ Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan

usman.naeem@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: The rapid urbanization in the world has tremendous effects of spatial pattern of flows in water channels. If floods are not assessed before the development, this may prove dangerous in terms of life and property. DHA Islamabad Phase I Extension is a new development proposed on right bank of River Soan, Rawalpindi. The objective of this model study is to ensure safety of life and property against any potential flooding, with minimum impact on natural drainage. This research has been limited to data collection, developing the hydrodynamic model using HEC-RAS, firming up the design criteria for flood, model simulation and development of alternatives for flood protection works. A study reach of 11.180 km length is selected. Flood hydrograph at Pindi–Soan gauging station is used as u/s boundary and average river bed slope is used as d/s boundary condition. The flood levels for 5, 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 years return period are determined at the start of project boundary and two alternates are proposed. In first alternative the level of flood plain is raised to 422.50m for a flood event of 1 in 100 years. For the 2nd alternative the embankment is considered at 423.25m along the boundary of project area. The study of alternatives show that with proposed, during flood events of 100 and 200 years water level rise by 3.5 to 3.75m and backwater effect may go up to 3.5 to 4 km above the start of project area. High velocity i.e. around 3-5 m/s would also be expected with proposed developments. Results of the study reveal that enhancement of the channel capacity is the most feasible solution for the protection of study area.

[Hashim Nisar Hashmi, Habib-ur-Rehman, Faisal Mateen, Usman Ali Naeem, Abdur Razzaq Ghumman, Muhammad Ali Shamim. Hydraulic Modeling for Assessing Flood in Soan River under New Scenario of its Catchment. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):60-68]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 9. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.09.

Keywords: Soan River, Hydrodynamic Modeling, Flood Protection, DHAI Flooding, HEC- RAS Flood Model

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Large eddy simulation of compartment fire flow with respect the effects of geometrical characteristics of compartment on its performance

¹R.Khaksari Haddad *, ²G. Heidarinejad, ³H. Pasdarshahri

¹Master of Energy Conversion, Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

³ Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

*razieh_khaksari@yahoo.com

Abstract: An important part of fire safety plan in a compartment is prediction of fluid flow. Simple empirical equations, zone models or field models are usable tools which fire safety engineers refer to them to simulate fire in an enclosure. In this study, the simulation is investigated by means of Large Eddy Simulation model which incorporates Smagorinsky turbulence model to simulate large-scale pool fire in a compartment with dimension of 3.6*3*2.4 m and an opening in the roof and one opening door in front wall is presented. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), which is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, is used to investigate fire flow and smoke flow. Two different values of heat release rate (330 and 440kW) and ventilation roof openings (0.75*1m and 0.5*1m) are covered. For different configurations, the effect of heat release rate examined on the temperature variations and velocity variations in vertical direction in the compartment. The results show the temperature rises as HRR increases strongly. Finally, the profiles of mean temperature with respect to ambient conditions have reasonable agreement with the experimental values.

[R. Khaksari Haddad, G. Heidarinejad, H. Pasdarshahri. Large eddy simulation of compartment fire flow with respect the effects of geometrical characteristics of compartment on its performance. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):69-76]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 10. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.10.

Keywords: eddy simulation, compartment fire flow, geometrical characteristics of compartment

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Improving The Efficiency Of Forest Disc Tools Using The Tool For Ancillary Equipment Of Mounted Tractor

Valery I. Posmetyev¹, Vladimir A. Zelikov², Michail V. Drapalyuk³, Margarita A. Latysheva⁴, Evgeniy V. Shatalov⁵

¹Ph.D., professor of production, repair and maintenance of machines, Voronezh State Academy of Forestry Engineering, Voronezh, Russia, E-mail: posmetyev@mail.ru

²Ph.D., assistant professor of organization of transport and traffic safety, Voronezh State Academy of Forestry Engineering, Voronezh, Russia.

³Ph.D., Professor, Department of Forestry Mechanization and Machine Design, Voronezh State Academy of Forestry Engineering, Voronezh, Russia.

⁴lecturer in production, repair and maintenance of machines Voronezh State-stvennoj Forestry Academy, Voronezh, Russia.

⁵Ph.D., associate professor of the Voronezh State Forestry Academy, In-ronezh, Russia.

Abstract: The main course of the known methods of regulation of working op-Ganov mounted tillers at a given depth of processing are: altitude, position, power and combined. However, these methods are effective mainly for massive hinged agricultural tillage equipment operating in a much more favorable conditions and with special design elements in the form of one or more of the supporting wheels, skis, soles of the workers, and so on. N. A more promising way to improve zaglublyaemosti disc working is of use for this purpose a forced vibration. The results made in VGLTA experimental verification on a production forest disc harrow KLB-1.7-Confirm Dili effectiveness of this method. Made by the authors in-depth analysis of the functioning of the various possible all-Rianta structural embodiment attachments tractors allowed to offer the following solutions to the problem. Using the developed device hydraulically ustanav-Lebanon between the tractor hitch and put in dis-kov instrument, ensure the unit when moving the ability to control the situation to the extent necessary SCW links on the tractor and spring. Provedeggy analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed design tools.

[Valery I. Posmetyev, Vladimir A. Zelikov, Michail V. Drapalyuk, Margarita A. Latysheva, Evgeniy V. Shatalov. Improving The Efficiency Of Forest Disc Tools Using The Tool For Ancillary Equipment Of Mounted Tractor. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):77-93]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 11. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.11.

Keywords: efficiency, forestry Dickov guns, attachment, of mounted tractor.

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Comparative Study between Some Intercropping System and Methods for Conditions Weeds Association in Superior Vineyards

Asmaa A. Ebrahim¹ and Nagwa R. Ahmed²

¹Viticulture Res. Dept. Hort. Res. Instit, ARC, Giza, Egypt

²Field Crops Res, Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.

faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: Weeds spread in the vineyards and cause harmful effects on the production of grapes, and there are many methods for controlling of these weeds. Therefore, two field experiments were carried out with the cultivation of the superior vineyards to control weeds in 2016/2017and 2017/2018 seasons, Superior grapevines were subjected to ten weed control treatments namely unwedded check control, hand hoeing, chemical control by Roundup, intercropping Onion, garlic, faba bean and clover with the vines and some soil mulching with three colored sheets namely (black, green and blue) plastic sheets. The merit was examining the effect of some weed control treatments on controlling weeds and improving productivity of Superior grapevines. Main results show that all weed control treatments exerted significant reduction on fresh weight of weeds and promotion a grape yield and berries quality relative to the untreated check control. Mulching with black sheet gave the highest yield of grapes and less fresh weight of total weeds/g. The best intercrops were onion, garlic, bean and clover, in ascending order. The economic return of output of intercropping faba bean with grape was profitable for growers compared to the sole grape which gave the highest net profit (37.515 & 41.706 L.E) in both seasons economic. The highest values of Land equivalent rati (LER) are (2.11 & 2.227) which obtained by intercropping of grape vines with clover in both seasons. Aggressively (Agg) values of autumn grape were negative (dominated) while those of onion, garlic, bean and clover were positive (dominant) in both seasons. From these results, we can recommend to intercrop faba beans or garlic under the grapevines to get rid of weeds and to obtain highest material economic return of the farms under the conditions of middle Egypt.

[Asmaa A. Ebrahim and Nagwa R. Ahme. Comparative Study between Some Intercropping System and Methods for Conditions Weeds Association in Superior Vineyards. World Rural Observ 2018;10(4):94-105]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 12. doi:10.7537/marswro100418.12.

Key Words: Hand hoeing, chemical control Round up, intercropping, soil mulching, color plastic sheets, onion, garlic, faba been and clover

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