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Virtual Construct Reality: Research on Communication Mechanism and Practical Dilemma of Virtual Reality News

Yuehong Chen ^1,2, Rui Sun ²

^1. School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;

^2. Department of New Media and Art, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

2812101471@qq.com

Abstract: The development of technology that affects news and brings about every change in the media always affects the way the audience perceives news. The organic integration of virtual reality technology and news not only realizes the real simulation of event occurrence by cutting-edge technology, but also the innovation of scene news narrative changes the way of time and space reproduction. The aesthetics and immersion communication which are more omnipotent and “present experience” reflect that virtual reality news has a unique communication mechanism. Virtual reality is redefining the way news is produced in the press, but while providing resources for its narrative, there are still some limitations. This paper takes the unique communication mechanism of virtual reality news as the starting point, examines the practical dilemma and ethical limitations of its communication structure and further proposes the future prospect of virtual reality news.

[Yuehong Chen, Rui Sun. Virtual Construct Reality: Research on Communication Mechanism and Practical Dilemma of Virtual Reality News. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):1-5]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 1. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.01.

Keywords: Virtual Reality News; communication mechanism; practical dilemma; prospect

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Climate Change, pollution and its effect on Fish

Prof. Dr. Mona S. Zaki

Hydrobiology department, national research center, dokki, Giza, Egypt

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: The issue of global warming has become a settled issue after many quirks and its results are expected to come to everyone in the near future if the man continues his absurd environmental course. In Copenhagen, the world's most important summit was held to consider this global threat to the future of mankind on the ground and held many hopes for this summit, which did not reach the results of Level expectations. But it represents an important shift in the world's dealings with this frightening phenomenon, which will cause severe damage to 84 countries in the near future, and will extend to other countries in the distant future. From the level of awareness of the crisis, global warming threatens countries by drowning, and others by desertification, beating economies and threatening everyone with more diseases.

[Mona S. Zaki. Climate Change, pollution and its effect on Fish. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):6-10]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 2. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.02.

Keywords: Climate; Change; pollution; effect; Fish

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Heavy Metal Pollution in Aquaculture

Mona S. Zaki¹ and Attia Mohamed Abo Zaid²

¹Hydrobiology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt

²Vet. Faculty, Kafr El-Shiek University, Egypt

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: In most aquatic ecosystems, fishes are hosts to parasites and sometimes these parasites can affect fish biology. Some of the most dramatic cases occur when fishes are intermediate hosts for larval parasite. Pollution of environmental waters is a serious and growing problem all over the world. Fish accumulate pollutants directly from contaminated water and indirectly by ingestion the contaminated organisms. The effect of environmental stress on fish parasites vary depending the susceptibility or increasing the abundance of intermediate hosts and vectors. Pollutants can also decrease parasitism if infected hosts suffer differentially high mortality; parasites are more susceptible to pollution than their hosts. Pesticides are a broad class of chemicals and biological agents that are specifically designed and applied to kill a pest. Specific types of pesticides target specific types of pests: insecticides kill insects, fungicides kill fungi and bacteria, herbicides kill weeds and other unwanted plant vegetation, molluscacides kill mollusks, acaricides kill spiders, and so on. Pesticide use dates back to ancient times. Pesticides are capable of killing fish and other aquatic life directly wit in a short period of time and indirectly affect fish by interfering with their food supply or altering the aquatic habitat, even when the concentrations are too low to affect fish directly. Such indirect effects greatly reduce the abundance of food organisms which in turn reduces the growth and probability of survival of the fish. Kafr El-Sheikh governorate shares largely in Egyptian fish production and the spacious domain of fish agriculture in Egypt, but until now a little is know about the parasitic fish diseases affecting its cultured fishes different external and internal parasitic diseases.

[Mona S. Zaki and Attia Mohamed Abo Zaid. Heavy Metal Pollution in Aquaculture. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):11-12]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 3. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.03.

Keywords: Heavy; Metal; Pollution; Aquaculture

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An Empirical Study on the Impact of the Three Basic Foods on Food Security in China

Sai Tang¹, Taojie Wang², Zitai Wang³

¹Postdoctoral Program of China Centre for Industrial Security Research (CCISR), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China

Email: tangsai86@126.com

² Department of Economics, School of Humanities, Social Sciences & Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

³Department of Economics, School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

Abstract: One of the biggest challenges the world facing now is how to ensure that a growing global population - projected to rise to around 10 billion by 2050 – has enough food to meet their nutritional needs. To feed another two billion people in 2050, food production will need to increase by 50 percent globally. Food security is a complex condition requiring a holistic approach to all forms of malnutrition, the productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, resilience of food production systems and the sustainable use of biodiversity and genetic resources. Food security is very important to China, the largest country with the largest population. The purpose of this paper is trying to find the relationship between the price fluctuation of the three basic foods and the situation of food security in China. Entropy weight method is used to analyze coefficient of the price and food security. We found the price factor is not the most important one which influences food security. In contrast, we believe that the other two variables are even more important. Based on the analysis, we give the following policy recommendations: 1) taking steps to improve the agricultural production capacity, 2) developing the ecological agriculture, 3) enlarging the agriculture insurance to make sure protect the profit of rural farmers, 4) relying on the “One Belt and One Road” strategy to further participate in global food and grain security, 5) speeding up the formulation of a food security law.

[Sai Tang, Taojie Wang, Zitai Wang. An Empirical Study on the Impact of the Three Basic Foods on Food Security in China. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):13-19]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 4. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.04.

Keywords: Food security; Three basic foods; Fluctuation

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Better WASH interventions impacted to increase school attendance in Bangladesh

Biplob Kanti Mondal ¹, Md. Ashik Sarder ²

^1. Project Manager - Resilience & WASH, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Bangladesh

^2. Disaster Management Officer, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Bangladesh

biplobplanner@gmail.com, ashiksarder15@gmail.com

Abstract: The CDI2WASH program was implemented by BDRCS in collaboration with International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies at four communities and 29 schools of Rangpur and Gopalganj in Bangladesh from 2014 to 2018. Different types of hardware and software WASH interventions including context specific water and sanitation technologies, WASH sessions, meetings and discussion were done under the program. The study was conducted to assess the impact of WASH intervention on class attendance between 2015 and 2017 year in the 15 schools of two districts under the program. The study results were derived using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Some significant changes were seen among the students and teachers of these schools centering the WASH practices. Improvement of education was also seen in the selected schools and its surroundings as well. Increasing attendance rate in the schools was one of the significant achievements of the program. It was revealed that class attendance of the students increased significantly in 2017 comparing to 2015 and 2016. The study found that the class attendance in the selected schools was 67% in 2015. It gradually increased to 73% in 2016 and 75% in 2017.

[Mondal BK, Sarder MA. Better WASH interventions impacted to increase school attendance in Bangladesh. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):20-23]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 5. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.05.

Keywords: CDI2, WASH, school, attendance, improvement

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Study on Industrial Competitiveness of Henan Province Based on Spatial Expansion Model of Shift-share Method

Yang Zunliang^*, Sun Mengxin

School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China

^*Email: yangzunliang@sina.com

Abstract：Under the background of the New Development Concept raised in 19th Communist Party of China National Congress advocating high-quality development, optimizing industrial structure and enhancing industrial competitiveness are of key significance for Henan Province to transform economic growth momentum and promote healthy and sustainable economic development. The results of empirical analysis of industrial development in Henan Province based on spatial expansion model of Shift-share Method shows that, compared with the neighboring provinces, the structure of the primary industry with original comparative advantages in Henan Province is unreasonable, showing a trend of recession, while the secondary and tertiary industries with faster development lack significant competitiveness and are not stable. Therefore, the adjustment of the industrial structure of Henan Province should start with a clear direction of industrial development and optimization of industrial policies, focus on modern agriculture, encourage and guide agricultural products processing industry, and foster and support modern service industries, thereby enhancing industrial competitiveness.

[Yang Zunliang, Sun Mengxi. Study on Industrial Competitiveness of Henan Province Based on Spatial Expansion Model of Shift-share Method. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):24-30]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 6. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.06.

Key words：Industrial structure; Industrial competitiveness; Shift-share Method

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Study on the Development Ideas of the Prairie Silk Road Economic Belt: ―― Economic-Ecological Dual Coupling Perspective

CUI Jiaxuan^*, WU Nanlin

School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

^*Email: 941985413@qq.com

Abstract: On the background of ecology reality that resources are various which is ruined gradually and development slows down in Grasslands Silk Road Economic Belt and it possibly falls into a “resource course”, on the analysis basis of development status and coupling mechanism and introducing systematic idea, the paper discusses the development mechanism of Grasslands Silk Road Economic Belt and thus builds strategic idea of development. The study indicates that economy-supply in grasslands ecologic coupling-recovery mechanism and attribution-mechanism of exchange exists-in Grasslands Silk Road Economic Belt. The capacity and direction of “dual” coupling depends on coupling capacity and coupling willingness each system. The evolution process of grasslands economy-ecology “dual” coupling system is the paradoxical movement process in coupling and contraction between economic system and grasslands ecology system. Development in spirals of economy-ecology “dual” coupling system is a contracting strategic idea to solve economy system and grasslands ecology and an effective way to get rid of “resource course” in Grasslands Silk Road Economic Belt. And thus, the paper promotes a strategic idea for future development of Grasslands Silk Road Economic Belt in order to improve economy-ecology coupling capacity and willingness of Grasslands Silk Road Economic Belt.

[CUI Jiaxuan, WU Nanli. Study on the Development Ideas of the Prairie Silk Road Economic Belt: ―― Economic-Ecological Dual Coupling Perspective. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):31-37]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 7. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.07.

Key Words: Grasslands Silk Road Economic Belt; “Dual” coupling mechanism; Development mechanism; Strategic idea

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State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic in Turkey: Long-term strategic and economic interests

Abdullayev Israfil Gasim

Senior Foreign Policy Specialist at the Department of Foreign Policy Issues at the Administration of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic

e-mail: science.info.xxi@gmail.com

Abstract. This research paper looks at how the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan (SOCAR) has been expanding its operations abroad, with a particular focus on the recent investments in Turkey. Empirical data on the investments of SOCAR is embedded in the theoretical discussions on the interlinkage between the interests of states and the oil companies, shedding light on what benefits investments abroad bring in for the country of origin of the companies as well as the host countries. Among others, it is an important question to ask how the oil companies contribute to their country of origin both in terms of strategic and economic interests.

[Abdullayev Israfil Gasim. State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic in Turkey: Long-term strategic and economic interests. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):38-43]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 8. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.08.

Keywords: State; Oil; Company; Azerbaijan Republic; Turkey; Long-term strategic; economic interest

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Morphological Characterization and Soil Quality Assessment along a Toposequence in Obubra Cross Rivers State, Nigeria.

Onyinyechi Jas Kamalu, Henry Ifeanyi Anozie* and Nelson Ovat.

Department of Soil and Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*henifez@yahoo.com (corresponding author)

Abstract: This study evaluated soil quality and landscape relationship in Obubra area, Cross River State using morphological, physical and land use characteristics. Soil Quality Morphological Index (SQMI) was used to assess soil health of arable farms on soils of the area. A total of fifty soil samples from three representative soil profiles and nine minipedons evenly distributed along a 10km toposequence from Apiapum to Obubra communities was studied. Three physiographic positions representing the crest, middle slope and toeslope were delineated and sampled. Samples were taken from genetic horizons in the three profiles while in the 9 minipedons sampling was at predetermined depths of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80cm. The colours of the soils vary between Reddish brown (5YR, 5/4) to Pale Yellow (5YR 6/4), while the texture ranged between Loamy sand to Sandy clay loam. The Crest and toeslope were classified as Fine, Kaolinitic, Thermic, Typic Kandiudult respectively while the middle slope was classified as coarse-loamy, isotic, frigid typic dystrudept. The soils are slightly acidic (5.10 – 6.80) while base saturation ranged between 16% – 88%. Bulk density ranged between 0.96-1.77g/cm³ with low Coefficient of Variability (0-17.3%) while Hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) ranged between 3.78-103.44cm/hr with low Coefficient of Variability (10.9-102.1%) The Toeslope had the best quality (SQMI = 3.42), followed by Middle slope (SQMI = 2.78) and least in the Crest (SQMI = 2.75). Soil quality had a good relationship with organic matter (r = 0.87; r² = 0.76; 1-r² = 0.24; p = 0.05). This information may help in developing guidelines for agricultural soil management that are based on Topographic sequence of the soil and soil morphological properties.

[Onyinyechi Jas Kamalu, Henry Ifeanyi Anozie and Nelson Ovat. Morphological Characterization and Soil Quality Assessment along a Toposequence in Obubra Cross Rivers State, Nigeria. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):44-55]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 9. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.09.

Keywords: Soil quality, Soil morphology, Toposequence, Profile distribution, Minipeds

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Noise levels of heavy earth moving machineries in a chromite mining complex of Odisha, India: An assessment and analysis

Sunamani Kerketta¹, Rajendra Gartia² and Somanath Bagh²

¹Ministry of Environment and Forests, ERO, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, PIN: 751023

²Department of Statistics, Sambalpur University, Odisha, India, PIN: 768019

suna1466@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The present study describes a systematic noise monitoring inside the working zone of the chromite mining complex for the Heavy duty, Medium duty and Light duty vehicles in summer 2008 and winter 2009. The present study aims at estimating the noise levels of different heavy earth moving machineries (HEMMs) and tests the significant difference among them. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) reveals that the equivalent noise level differs with respect to time of monitoring and the types of HEMMs at 1% level of significance. The Post hoc analysis of multiple comparisons of means shows that L_eq level is the most influential during the 1^st part of the time of monitoring for the Pay Loader (H1). In case of the dozer (M3), L_eq is the most significant during the 3^rd part of the time of monitoring. Similarly, L_eq level of the Drilling Machine (L2) is found to be the most influential during the 1^st part of the time of monitoring. The equivalent noise levels of Pay Loader (H1) and the Dozer (M3) exceed the prescribed limits during the period of monitoring.

[Sunamani Kerketta, Rajendra Gartia and Somanath Bag. Noise levels of heavy earth moving machineries in a chromite mining complex of Odisha, India: An assessment and analysis. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):56-63]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 10. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.10.

Keywords: Equivalent noise level; heavy earth moving machineries; analysis of variance; Chromite

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Assessing the soil type and layering in settlement of the soil under foundations by using Artifical Neural Network

Dr. asskar. janalizadeh¹, Hassan Seraj ²

^1. Chief of Noshirvani Institute of Technology in babol

^2. Student of Noshirvani Institute of Technology in babol (MS)

Fox:+98111-3234201

asskar@nit.ac.ir, ehsan.seraj65@gmail.com

Abstract: There are defined Theoretical and empirical relationships for predicting settlement of shallow foundation on soils which in spite of the computational complexity, do not predict with high accuracy. Nowadays, artificial neural networks can be used for predicting the settlement of shallow foundation with lower computational complexity and higher accuracy. Modeling 27 samples of Shallow foundations on sandy soil under 14 types of Uniformly distributed load with different length to width ratio, using Plaxis program, the following settlement were calculated. The geotechnical information is obtained from the speculation surrounding the city of Babol. A neural network is designed using the data obtained from the Plaxis program to estimate the settlement of shallow foundation. Plaxis program analyzed the network by model samples. As you know, the neurons in the hidden layer of a neural network is an optimal value so With different values can be used to model the network was designed to optimize the optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer is 350. By changing the value of the friction angle of a soil sample in neural network models, we found that Increase the friction angle of a soil sample to a soil layer will reduce the Settlement and This is due to the increased contact area between the particles and better distribution of stress in a layer of soil to other layers happen.

[Dr. asskar. janalizadeh, Hassan Sera. Assessing the soil type and layering in settlement of the soil under foundations by using Artifical Neural Network. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):64-75]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 11. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.11.

Keywords: Neural Networks, Dimension Effects of shallow foundation, Settlement of Shallow Foundations, Neuron, Friction angle, Plaxis program.

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TV as diversified agri. information source perceived by farmers: issues & concerns

M. Nadeem Jafry¹, G.A. Khan¹, S. Muhammad¹, H. Munir², M. Iftikhar¹ and S. Ashraf ¹

¹Institute of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

saleem1828@gmail.com

Abstracts: Pakistan is agricultural country where majority of the population resides on agriculture. Dimension of agriculture are changing because of extended technology implications. These technologies are disseminated via various means and electronic media stays prominent in this perspective. Among the different electronic media tools TV is most important as it holds tendency to disseminate technology to the millions of people in very short time span. Present study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan to assess the existence of TV as diversified information source followed by the challenges being faced. 120 respondents were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from 120 randomly selected respondents and collected data were analyzed through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Findings indicated that 58.3% respondents owned TV sets followed by the 10.8% respondents who didn’t had TV but were having access to the TV. Farmers were getting information about the all aspects of agriculture but average mean of all the aspects fall in between the low to medium showing the information gap of medium level as well. Factor such as load shedding, lack of interest, less time and inappropriate timings and broadcasts were responsible for the information gap. It is recommended on the basis of findings that agricultural relevant programs should be broadcasted on TV with appropriate timings and programs should also be launched for the capacity buildings of farmers.

[Jafry, M.N., G.A. Khan, S. Muhammad, H. Munir, M. Iftikhar & S. Ashraf. TV as diversified agri. information source perceived by farmers: issues and concerns. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):76-82]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 12. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.12.

Key words: TV, Information source, Agriculture extension, Electronic Media

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A Decision Making Model for Project Portfolio Selection in Uncertainty Environment

Manije Yadegari, Mohsen Ansari, Masoud Baghban, Mehrdad Ariafar, Mahdi Zowghi*

Department of Business and management, London Business and Engineering School, UK

^* Corresponding Author: MahdiZoughi@gmail.com

Abstract Project portfolio selection for making decisions on investment is a critical decision in such companies. This selection is a multi-criteria problem, due to miscellaneous criteria which are often in conflicting with each other. The researchers define four criteria for selecting the optimal project portfolio as cost, time, scope and risk criteria. On the other, project portfolio selection problem is often influenced by uncertainty in practice; also because of the uncertainty associated with imprecision, loss of information and lack of understanding. In this paper, the implementation of an organized framework for project portfolio selection has discussed through the proposed model base on fuzzy TOPSIS approach using linguistic terms in order to calculate the importance holistic weights of evaluation criteria and rank the feasible project portfolios in descending order. To show the potential applications of the methodology, the proposed method is used for a real world case study.

[Manije Yadegari, Mohsen Ansari, Masoud Baghban, Mehrdad Ariafar, Mahdi Zowghi. A Decision Making Model for Project Portfolio Selection in Uncertainty Environment. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):83-89]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 13. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.13.

Keywords: Project Portfolio Selection; Fuzzy TOPSIS; Decision analysis

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Analysis Of Anidolic Daylighting System Parameters In Tropical Climate

Mohsen Roshan*¹, Mohd Zin Kandar², Hamed Najafpour3^, Hasanuddin Bin Lamit⁴

Centre for Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), UTM

Ghods.moh@gmail.com

Abstract: Producing available daylight in building is a crucial issue for reasons of energy-efficiency as well as improvement of occupant’s health and well-being. Anidolic Daylighting System (ADS) is a type of daylighting system that provides daylight in the deep plan area in far from window. It concentrates daylight in collector and transfers it to duct that is situated between collector and distributor and then light is spread to inside of building. The aim of this research is to find out optimum duct shape and width duct that influence on the system’s performance. The simulated model was designed in the Integrated Environmental Solution IES<VE> software to performing daylighting simulation experiments. Therefore, three configurations of duct designs with two duct lengths (12m and 20m) were simulated as dust shape variables and also three different sizes in duct width were experimented. Results indicated that the anidolic in a rectangular shape with three meters duct width is better than other cases. For future study, other parameters can be carried out such as the depth of duct, size of the anidolic, collector and distributor of device.

[Roshan M, Kandar M.Z, Najafpour H, Lamit H. Analysis of Anidolic Daylighting System Parameters in Tropical Climate. World Rural Observ 2019;11(1):90-95]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 14. doi:10.7537/marswro110119.14.

Keywords: Anidolic Daylighting System, IES<VE> software, Daylight performance

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