No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

Determine the Average Density Near the Surface Using Fractal Approach for a Gravity Data Set Reduction – A Case Study From Iran

Roghayeh sadat kalantari

Graduate student of geophysics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Iran

rskalantar_eng@yahoo.com

Abstract: The geophysical anomaly resulting from the fractal nature of sources such as nonrandom distribution of density cannot be accurately measured unless its fractal dimension does not exceed the difference of the 2-D Euclidean and fractal dimension of the network. The best value for density is that which minimizes the fractal component caused by topographic effects. In this paper is proposed feractal statistical method for surface average density determination that so-called variogram method. This technique assumes that the topography is fractal. This method is based on minimizing surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. The efficiency of the methods has been illustrated for a case study in Iran. The estimated density is 2.4 gr/cm3 that this value represents the best density to use in the Bouguer slab correction.

[R.S. kalantari. Determine the Average Density Near the Surface Using Fractal Approach for a Gravity Data Set Reduction – A Case Study From Iran. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):1-5]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 1. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.01.

Keywords: bouguer anomaly, density, fractal, Iran

Full Text

1

2

Chemical Characterization And Fertility Assessment Of Pedons Along A Toposequence In Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria

Kamalu, O. J. and Anozie, H. I^*.

Department of Soil and Crop science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Port Harcourt

*henifez@yahoo.com (corresponding author)

Abstract: The removal of soil materials from upper slope positions, and transportation through and deposition at the foot slope has been a major factor for variations in soil properties along a toposequence. This study assessed the variation in chemical properties along a 15 km toposequence in Obubra area of Cross River State with the aim of providing information on the best management practices that should be adopted. Three physiographic positions representing the Crest slope (Cs), middle slope (Ms) and toe slope (Ts) were delineated and sampled. A total of fifty soil samples from 3 profiles sampled according to genetic horizons and 9 minipedons sampled at 0 – 20, 20 – 40, 40 – 60 and 60 – 80 cm were collected and analysed for chemical properties along a toposequence. The pH ranged between 5.60 and 6.00 with low coefficient of variability (CV ≤ 20 %); TEB had a range of 1.67 – 4.06 cmol/kg with moderate variability (CV = 20 – 50 %), with highest CV of 32.6 % at Ms and least at Ts 20.3. The mean values for Base Saturation across the slopes were 37 % for Cs, 36 % for Ms and 32 % for Ts. Total Organic Carbon ranged from 0.21 % to 3.151 % with very high coefficient of variability in Cs (104.6 %), Ms (103.8 %) and Ts (53.6 %). Total Nitrogen ranged from 0.026 % – 0.158 % with highest coefficient of variability, 115.9 % in Cs and lowest in the Ms (25.2 %). The study revealed that detrimental effects of soil erosion and leaching were relatively greater at upper slopes than middle and lower slopes. There is need to employ integrated soil fertility management in the crest and middle slopes in order to ensure favourable soil physicochemical properties. Application of organic amendments including manures and crop residues may also be beneficial in increasing the fertility of the Crest and Middle-sloped areas.

[Kamalu, O. J. and Anozie, H. I. Chemical Characterization And Fertility Assessment Of Pedons Along A Toposequence In Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):6-14]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 2. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.02.

Key words: Toposequence, minipedon, fertility status, variability, soil characterization.

Full Text

2

3

Investigation Of Mycorrhizal Infection In Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp] In Calabar.

Anozie, Henry. I* and Orluchukwu, J. A

Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

* henifez@yahoo.com

Abstract: Mycorrhizal (fungus-root) infection on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) walp] was investigated. The samples – uprooted mature cowpea plants, the plant’s rhizosphere soils and non-rhizosphere soils of the same area were collected randomly at 10 different locations in the Staff Village of the University of Calabar. The terminal feeder root samples were used for the determination of the fungal – root colonization by applying the method of root//gridline intersects. The recovery and enumeration of fungal spores in the rhizosphere soils was done through wet sieving, decantation and centrifuging in a sucrose density gradient column. Available Phosphorus was also determined from the rhizosphere soils. The leaf sample – for total Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. The total Nitrogen, available Phosphorus exchangeable Potassium, Organic Matter and the textural soil type were determined in the non-rhizosphere soils. The investigation revealed 40.7 % arbuscules in the feeder roots and 58 fungal spores from 5g of the rhizosphere soils both at high magnifications (X14) of the microscope. The analysis showed 4.06 %, 0.205 % and 6.1 % of N, P and K respectively from the plant leaf samples, 0.116 % N, 38.25 mg/g P, 0.25 meq K/100 g and 2.31 % organic matter from the sandy loam non-rhizosphere soils (74.3 % Sand, 9.7 % Silt and 16 % Clay). The Phosphorus of the rhizosphere soils was 37.1 ppm. The presence of arbuscles in cortical cells of the stained feeder roots of cowpea is vesicular – arbuscular endomycorrhizal. The particle size analysis showed a well-drained fertile soils, and the correlation of the Phosphorus in non – rhizosphere soils with the plants P as well as the rhizosphere P with plants P, the t – test showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) indicating that the plants in a fertile soil like this, depended less on mycorrhizae for its uptake. Thus, there was no need for inoculation of the soil with mycorrhizal fungi unless in a later depleted state of the soil, since it is observed that fertile soils are not responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation.

[Anozie HI, Orluchukwu JA. Investigation Of Mycorrhizal Infection In Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp] In Calabar. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):15-20]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 3. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.03.

Keywords: Investigation; Mycorrhizal Infection; Cowpea; Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp; Calabar

Full Text

3

4

Study on the Countermeasures of Agricultural and Rural Development in Heilongjiang Province since Reform and Opening-up

JI Gaofeng ^*, LI Shuxia

Department of Economics, College of Humanities and Social Science of Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

^*Email: 17S016013@stu.hit.edu.cn

Abstract: At the NPC and CPPCC annual sessions in 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping warned everyone, don't get amnesia on the issue of eating---"For a big country like China with a population of nearly 1.4 billion, food security must be alarmed. The food has not already been safety." Since the Reform and Opening up, China's comprehensive strength has steadily increased, and agriculture has a fundamental impact on the national economy and people's livelihood at any time. Heilongjiang Province, as China's major food province, has a major responsibility in safeguarding national food production, quality and safety. The rural area has long been a short-term development of our country's economic development. It is of great significance to the economy of Heilongjiang Province to benchmark the task of building a well-off society in an all-round way and promote comprehensive rural revitalization.

[JI Gaofeng, LI Shuxia. Study on the Countermeasures of Agricultural and Rural Development in Heilongjiang Province since Reform and Opening-up. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):21-26]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 4. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.04.

Keywords: Poverty alleviation; Rural revitalization; Food security

Full Text

4

5

A Review of Efficient Assessment for Forest Damages in United States of America

Zubair Fathi

MSc student of forest management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdestan, Iran

ZubairFathi2018@gmail.com

Abstract: The main purpose of this study is investigation efficient assessment of forest damages in United States of America. One of the most serious threats to the forest ecosystems is fire. Damage caused by fire not only affects forests’ extension but also their roles and services. Forest fire has catastrophic effects once it extends to nearby populations, affecting lives and properties. International efforts to assess and address forest management have resulted in the development of numerous studies focused on simulations of the evolution of forests Mostly a non-parametric efficient frontier technique, namely data envelopment analysis (DEA) has used for assessment of forest damages. allows the comparison of forest fire damage in USA by computing relative efficiency scores and quantifying improvement targets. The main results from this review study suggest that the regional fire agency and USA policy should be focused on prevention and control programs for which relevant damage savings can be realized. It is our hope that this study can help our governments to better understand forest fire damage control and plan their operational prevention activities.

[Fathi Z. A Review of Efficient Assessment for Forest Damages in United States of America. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):27-35]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 5. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.05.

Keywords: Forest damages, Forest fire, Forest pathology, Forest management

Full Text

5

6

Comparison of Job Burnout among Teachers of Mental Retardation, Deaf and Normal Students in Primary School in Southern Khorasan Province

Gholam hossein Hosseini

Graduate student of educational psychology, Department of psychology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.

hoseiny356@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the burnout of teachers of mentally retarded, deaf and normal students. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal satisfaction are components of burnout, and they were also studied. Method: This is a descriptive-comparative study. A sample of 285 people was selected by cluster sampling method for ordinary and proportional teachers for the mentally retarded and deaf mentally disadvantaged group. The Maslach job burnout questionnaire was completed. ANOVA, post hoc Tukey range and t were used for analysis. Findings: The amount of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low personal competence were found to be low in mentally retarded teachers compared to the normal ones. High emotional exhaustion and low personal satisfaction were found to be low in deaf teachers compared to normal. In general, the burnout of mentally retarded and deaf mentally educated teachers was more than normal. The t-test showed that the amount of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and low personal self-esteem in male teachers, were more than female teachers. Also, the effect of educational degree, work experience and teaching experience on the degree of burnout was confirmed.

[Hosseini Gh. Comparison of Job Burnout among Teachers of Mental Retardation, Deaf and Normal Students in Primary School in Southern Khorasan Province. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):36-44]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 6. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.06.

Keywords: Job burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal feeling, mental retardation, deaf and normal

Full Text

6

7

The Road to Reform of Agricultural Insurance Legislation in China

Zhuolin Wang

Harbin Finance University, Harbin, 150001, China

Email: zhuoran186@126.com

Abstract：Agricultural development has a major impact on social stability and progress. At present, the agricultural industry has a high risk, resulting in a slow development of the agricultural insurance industry. Faced with this situation, China's agricultural insurance legislation needs innovation and change, Scientifically construct internal and external norms of agricultural insurance law, In order to protect the healthy development of the agricultural insurance industry.

[Zhuolin Wang. The Road to Reform of Agricultural Insurance Legislation in China. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):45-47]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 7. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.07.

Key words：Agricultural insurance legislation, value change, scientific order

Full Text

7

8

Analysis of the Authenticity of Virtual Reality News Documentary

CHEN Yuehong ^1,2, YANG Yinong ²

^1. Social Sciences and Law, School of Humanities and S.S. & Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

^2. Department of New Media and Art, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

2812101471@qq.com

Abstract: As a significant means of the scientific and technological vehicle in the area of journalism, immersive technologies have influenced the whole process of production and communication effect of news documentaries with its unique interactivity and immersion. Authenticity has always been the source of life of news reports. This essay seeks to critically point out that the construction of authenticity of news documentaries, which based on immersive technology not only needs the intervention of traditional construction theory, but also the dialogue authenticity characterized by the participation of multiple subjects as the basis of production and communication purpose. Then it expounds that the exclusive way to realize the real dialogue is to improve the level of technologies, then reshaping the theory of documentary aesthetics to realize the adequate integration of technology and aesthetics.

[CHEN Yuehong, YANG Yinong. Analysis of the Authenticity of Virtual Reality News Documentary. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):48-50]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 8. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.08.

Keywords: news documentary; authenticity; construction; experience; aesthetics

Full Text

8

9

Adaptation to Climate Change: An Anthropological Study on Changing Livelihoods Strategies of Malo Fishing Community in South-west Coastal Bangladesh

Md. Ashik Sarder

Disaster Management Officer, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Bangladesh

ashiksarder15@gmail.com

Abstract: Bangladesh is a disaster-prone and one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. The country has a long coastal area which is frequently being affected by several types of natural disasters due to climate change. The disasters have impacted the life and livelihoods of different natural resources depending communities living in the coastal areas. The Malo is a Hindu religious traditional fishing community living at Taiabpur Village in Sarafpur Union of Dumuria Upazila of Khulna district of south-west coastal Bangladesh. Fishing is the only means of their livelihoods and the community is engaged in fishing practices inherently in rivers, estuaries and sea since more than 300 years. The study aims to examine the impacts of climate change on the livelihoods of Malo fishing community and identify the adaptation practices by them from anthropological point of views. The study has identified three types of adaptation practices by Malo fishing community to cope with the climate change and disasters. The study has suggested some recommendations for overcoming the challenges of climate change and sustain the traditional fishing livelihoods of fishing communities of south-west coastal Bangladesh.

[Md. Ashik Sarder. Adaptation to Climate Change: An Anthropological Study on Changing Livelihoods Strategies of Malo Fishing Community in South-west Coastal Bangladesh. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):51-56]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 9. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.09.

Keywords: Climate Change, Adaptation, Anthropology, Malo, Livelihoods, Vulnerability

Full Text

9

10

Analysis And Interpretation Of Performance Of Haryana Financial Corporation

Savita Rani

Master Degree Student, Department of Commerce, Kanya Mahavidhalya, Pundri, Kaithal, Haryana (India)

Email: savitasaini1020@gmail.com

Abstract: Share capital forms the initial funding of the Corporation. The authorised share capital of HFC can be fixed by the state government but it cannot be less than Rs. 50 lakh and more than 50 cores as defined under the SFC Act, 1951. The borrowing has registered an ACGR of 10.9% during the study period, which is quite high. It can be noticed from table 3.1 that till March 1968, HFC was able to raise funds of Rs. 390.80 lacs by borrowing which has increased to Rs. 24069.03 lacs on March, 2007. Profit is considered to be one of the important indicators of financial performance of any concern. According to table 3.2, the irregular trend in the level of profit do not reflect so good performance of HFC. Reserves are created for different purposes like taxes, depreciation etc. So amount in reserves is also a indicator of financial strength of an institution. Table 3.2 shows that amount in reserves increased from Rs. 15.01 lakhs in 1968 to Rs. 1652.53 lakhs in 2007. Reserve amount of HFC has grown at ACGR of 12.2%. These reserve work as a source to meet the working capital requirement of any concern.

[Savita Rani. Analysis And Interpretation Of Performance Of Haryana Financial Corporation. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):57-59]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 10. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.10.

Keywords: State Financial Corporation, Performance, Haryana, India

Full Text

10

11

A Study Of Changes In The Standard Of Living Of The Labourers Due To Migration

Dr. Laxmikant Shivdas Hurne

Asst. Professor in Commerce

Shri V. N. Arts & Shri A. N. Commerce, College, Mangrulpir Dist. Washim

laxmikanthurne@gmail.com

Abstract: In India, rural people are facing the problems of unemployment, less wages, not availability of the work around whole year etc. So, they are showing a tendency to migrate to the urban and industrially developed areas. Many times it becoming fruitful to the migrant labourers, as they are getting higher wages, good amenities are being made available by them to their family members, which were not possible in rural areas. So, according to this, standard of living of them is improving. In present paper, an attempt will be made to assess such kind of changes in the standard of living of migrant labourers.

[Laxmikant Shivdas Hurne. A Study Of Changes In The Standard Of Living Of The Labourers Due To Migration. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):60-66]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 11. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.11.

Key words: Labour migration; standard of living; India; rural

Full Text

11

12

The study of natural fracture carbonate reservoirs of IRAN

Bayazidi. Meysam, Piroti. Omid, Maroofpoor. Awat

Department of petroleum Science and Research branch Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 1 wwe2013@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this research, studies of underground gas storage (UGS) and studies of underground liquid storage ( U L S ) were performed on a partially depleted, naturally fractured gas and liquid reservoir through compositional simulation. according to the data of a reservoir production permeability and porosity were studied. The results showed that distribution of fracture density affects on fluid flow and production of water, but not that of gas, through porous medium However because of high mobility of gas, the gas production and reservoir average pressure are insensitive to fracture shape factor. Also, the data showed that uniform fracture permeability distribution enhances communication within reservoir and consequently more pressure support is obtained by water bearing of aquifer. Also the effect of aquifer on the reservoir performance was studied. And the result showed that we have reduce condensate drop out around the well bore if we have an active aquifer. On the other side we have an important issue which may kill the well that is water invasion. Also the results showed that use of horizontal wells is superior to vertical wells in order to avoid detrimental effects of active aquifer.

[Bayazidi. Meysam, Piroti. Omid, Maroofpoor. Awat. The study of natural fracture carbonate reservoirs of IRAN. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):67-72]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 12. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.12.

Key words: underground gas storage, Naturally fractured reservoir, Fracture shape factor, aquifer, horizontal well, matrix, dual-porosity, dual permeability

Full Text

12

13

An Analytical Review of Visual Research Method in Environmental Perception Studies

Mayam Shabak, Nima Norouzi, Aminatuzuhariah Bte Megat Abdullah, and Tareef Hayat Khan

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

maryamshabak@gmail.com

Abstract: Among the huge numbers of techniques used in environmental perception studies, Visual Research Method (VRM) is mentioned as one of them to capture the perception of people. This paper analytically reviewed 67 studies on environmental perception and recognition where visual instruments were used in data collection stages. Studies were selected based on the time, key words and indicated fields of study through various research engines. Data was analyzed based on three important phases in these researches namely data collection, data documentation and data analysis with their parameters and techniques. Reliability and validity of this method was proved in these selected studies, and advantages and disadvantages of VRM were discussed. This study concluded that indeed there are several significant parameters and techniques those are frequently used as part of VRM in environmental perception researches. It also showed that VRM could be changed to more dynamic formats instead of previously used static formats by using advanced technological instruments.

[Mayam Shabak, Nima Norouzi, Aminatuzuhariah Bte Megat Abdullah, and Tareef Hayat Khan. An Analytical Review of Visual Research Method in Environmental Perception Studies. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):73-88]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 13. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.13.

Keywords: Analytical Review, Visual Research Method, Visual Material, Visual Techniques, Environmental Perception.

Full Text

13

14

Response of Zebda Mango Trees to Foliar Application of Some Amino Acids, Boron and Magnesium

Faissal F. Ahmed, Abd El- Rahman M. Abd El- Wahab and Maha H.M. Saleh

Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ. Egypt.

Email.: faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: During 2017 and 2018 seasons, mango cv. Zebda grown under Aswan condition was subjected to spraying amino acids (tryptophan, methionine and cysteine) at 0.1%, magnesium sulphate at 0.5% and boric acid at 0.05%, three times was very effective in improving the leaf area, chlorophylls a, b, total chlorophylls, total carotenoids, N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe and Mn, percentages of initial fruit setting, fruit retention, yield and fruit quality rather than non- application. Using amino acids, magnesium sulphate and boric acid in descending order was favourable in enhancing yield and fruit quality. Combined applications of these materials were superior than using each material alone in this connection. Three sprays of mixture of amino acids at 0.1%. Magnesium sulphate at 0.5% and boric acid at 0.05% was responsible for improving yield and fruit quality of Zebda mango trees.

[Faissal F. Ahmed, Abd El- Rahman M. Abd El- Wahab and Maha H.M. Saleh. Response of Zebda Mango Trees to Foliar Application of Some Amino Acids, Boron and Magnesium. World Rural Observ 2019;11(2):89-95]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 14. doi:10.7537/marswro110219.14.

Keywords: Amino acids, magnesium sulphate boric acids, yield and fruit quality, Zebda mango trees

Full Text

14